Immune reminisces about a year in COVID-19 immunology, Steph's receiving the Pfizer vaccine, and answers to listener questions about a challenge study with common cold CoVs, T cell exhaustion, how CD4 T cells control infections, and more.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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Links for this episode

• Immune response during common cold CoV infection (Epidem Infect)
• Summary of diagnostic tests (NAS)
• Letters read on Immune 40
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to [email protected]

Immune catches up on COVID listener email, including discussions about long-term COVID, cross-reactive memory to SARS-CoV-2, common mucosal surfaces, the risky business of peptide mega-pools, immunodominant epitopes and much more.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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Links for this episode

• Reflections of a COVID-19 long hauler (JAMA)
• Not a cytokine storm in COVID-19 (JCIO)
• Letters read on Immune 39
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to [email protected]

Sallie joins Immune to discuss her career, emphasizing the importance of a good mentor and the ability to pivot, and her research, which has focused on mother to child transmission of infectious diseases including HIV/AIDS, CMV, and more recently, COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Sallie Permar

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Links for this episode

• Immune correlates of protection against CMV (J Inf Dis)
• Placental IgG transfer in HIV-1-infected women (Cell)
• Immunization leads to HIV-1 antibody in breast milk (J Virology)
• Lessons from COVID-19 in children (Clin Inf Dis)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to [email protected]

Alexis, Joel, Elaine, Justine, and Evonne join Immune to discuss their careers, their research, and a platform created by a collective of Black immunologists and allies aimed at amplifying, celebrating and supporting Black voices in immunology.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

Guests: Alexis Mobley, Joel Babdor, Elaine Kouame, Justine Noel, Evonne Jean

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Links for this episode

• Black in Immuno
• Black in Immuno week schedule
• Systemic racism in higher education (Science)
• Black in Microbiology (TWiM 228)
• Black in Virology (TWiV 672)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to [email protected]

Immune describes the striking loss of germinal centers in lymph nodes and spleen in patients with severe COVID-19, providing an explanation for short-lived humoral immunity and limited somatic hypermutation of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Alexander Dent

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Links for this episode

• Loss of germinal centers in severe COVID-19 patients (Cell)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to [email protected]

Immune examines antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, including the relationship between severe COVID-19 and anti-spike antibodies, kinetics of production, and correlates of protection among coronaviruses.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker

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Links for this episode

• COVID-19 severity linked to antibody levels (bioRxiv)
• Review of antibody mediated immunity to coronaviruses (Nat Comm)
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to [email protected]

Immune explains a study demonstrating T cells that react with SARS-CoV-2 epitopes in individuals who have never been infected with the virus, implying cross-reactivity with common cold coronaviruses.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Cynthia Leifer Guest: Brianne Barker

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Links for this episode

• Cross-reactive coronavirus CD4+ T cells (Science)
• Immune misfiring in severe COVID-19 (Nature)
• A COVID-19 riddle for the immune system (Nature)
• Letters read on Immune 34
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to [email protected]

Immune explains a study of 125 COVID-19 patients by deep immune profiling, which revealed three immunotypes associated with poor clinical prognosis or recovery.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Cynthia Leifer

Guest: Brianne Barker

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Links for this episode

• CD8 cells defend against SARS-CoV (J Virol)
• Deep immune profiling of COVID-19 patients (Science)
• Letters read on Immune 33
• Image credit
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to [email protected]

Immune continues a discussion of the immune response to infection with SARS-CoV-2, including inflammatory responses and disease, antibody and T-cell responses, and vaccines, and answers to listener questions.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer Guest: Brianne Barker

Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts. RSS, email Become a patron of Immune!

Links for this episode

• Keep CoV off campus (NY Times)
• Inflammatory cytokines predict COVID-19 death (medRxiv)
• Imbalanced host response drives COVID-19 (Cell)
• Convergent antibody responses in COVID-19 patients (bioRxiv)
• Cross neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by SARS-CoV mAb (Nature)
• Human T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 (Cell)
• DNA vaccine protects rhesus macaques (Science)
• Replicon RNA vaccine protects macaques (bioRxiv)
• Letters read on Immune 32
• Image credit
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to [email protected]

Immune continues a discussion of the immune response to infection with SARS-CoV-2, including vaccines and immunity, effects of BCG and OPV, immunity passports, and answers to listener questions.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer

Guest: Brianne Barker

Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts. RSS, email

Become a patron of Immune!

Links for this episode

• How long will a vaccine really take? (NYTimes)
• Humoral immunity in NYC COVID-19 patients (medRxiv)
• D614G is just a SNP (TWiEVO 55)
• Image credit
• Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical.

Send your immunology questions and comments to [email protected]