Joel M. Dulhunty, MD, PhD, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, and Jason A. Roberts, BPharm, PhD, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, join JAMA Deputy Editor Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ, to discuss the BLING trial that assessed continuous vs intermittent β-lactam antibiotic infusions in patients with sepsis or septic shock. Related Content:

• Continuous vs Intermittent β-Lactam Antibiotic Infusions in Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis
• Prolonged vs Intermittent Infusions of β-Lactam Antibiotics in Adults With Sepsis or Septic Shock

Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) frequently fail to generate knowledge relevant to practice, while practice patterns are frequently unsupported by RCT evidence. Derek C. Angus, MD, MPH, of the University of Pittsburgh, joins JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, to discuss The Integration of Clinical Trials With the Practice of Medicine: Repairing a House Divided. Related Content:

• The Integration of Clinical Trials With the Practice of Medicine

Forced nitrogen inhalation was used by the state of Alabama to execute Kenneth Smith on January 25, 2024. Some politicians, attorneys general, and health care practitioners support its use for capital punishment in the US. Philip E. Bickler, MD, PhD, and Michael S. Lipnick, MD, discuss the evidence indicating that forced nitrogen inhalation is inhumane with JAMA Executive Editor Gregory Curfman, MD. Related Content:

• Evidence Against Use of Nitrogen for the Death Penalty

Guidelines call for better evidence on the health outcomes after living kidney donation. Author Amit X. Garg, MD, PhD, London Health Sciences Centre, and editorialist Elizabeth C. Lorenz, MD, Baylor College of Medicine, discuss a new study that compares the risks of hypertension and other health outcomes in living kidney donors, with JAMA Associate Editor Wolfgang Winkelmayer, MD, ScD. Related Content:

• Hypertension and Kidney Function After Living Kidney Donation
• Prospectively Examining Outcomes After Living Kidney Donation
• Kidney Transplant Outcomes From Deceased Donors Who Received Dialysis
• Expanding the Overton Window in Deceased Kidney Donor Eligibility—Enough to Make a Difference?

What is the natural history and cardiovascular burden of the V142I transthyretin variant among US Black individuals who carry this variant? Senthil Selvaraj, MD, MS, MA, from Duke University, and Scott D. Solomon, MD, from Brigham and Women's Hospital, discuss this and more with JAMA Executive Editor Gregory Curfman, MD. Related Content:

• Cardiovascular Burden of the V142I Transthyretin Variant
• Addressing Health Disparities—The Case for Variant Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis Grows Stronger
• Heart Failure in African American Individuals, Version 2.0
• Cardiac Amyloidosis Due to Transthyretin Protein

Between 2019 and 2021, pediatric mortality rates had the largest increases in at least half a century. Steven H. Woolf, MD, MPH, of Virginia Commonwealth University Center on Society and Health, joins JAMA Associate Editor Tracy A. Lieu, MD, MPH, to discuss how racial and ethnic disparities and specific causes have factored into these increases and what this means for policymakers and clinicians. Related Content:

• Racial and Ethnic Disparities in All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among US Youth
• Injury Prevention Science and Firearm Injury in Pediatric Health

When initial treatment with varenicline or nicotine replacement doesn't work, does increasing dosage improve smoking cessation rates? Paul Cinciripini, PhD, of MD Anderson Cancer Center's Department of Behavioral Science, joins JAMA Executive Editor Gregory Curfman, MD, to discuss guidance on the best strategies for smoking cessation following an initial quit attempt. Related Content:

• Smoking Cessation After Initial Treatment Failure With Varenicline or Nicotine Replacement

Extensive evidence documents health disparities for lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) women, including worse physical, mental, and behavioral health than heterosexual women. Sarah McKetta, ScM, MD, PhD, discusses these factors and their link to premature mortality with JAMA Deputy Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, MS. Related Content:

• Disparities in Mortality by Sexual Orientation in a Large, Prospective Cohort of Female Nurses

Can real-time EHR–generated recommendations safely reduce antibiotic use in hospitalized patients with pneumonia or UTI? Shruti K. Gohil, MD, MPH, of the University of California-Irvine, joins JAMA Deputy Editor Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ, to discuss the INSPIRE randomized clinical trial. Related Content:

• Stewardship Prompts to Improve Antibiotic Selection for Pneumonia
• Stewardship Prompts to Improve Antibiotic Selection for Urinary Tract Infection
• Harnessing the Electronic Health Record to Improve Empiric Antibiotic Prescribing

Climate action is an urgent public health imperative. Climate change is causing excess morbidity and mortality and posing an increasing threat to mental health and well-being. The US health care sector is a significant contributor to this problem. A. Eugene Washington, MD, of Duke University, discusses accelerating climate action with JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content:

• Accelerating Climate Action Through Academic Health Systems