Joe Lonsdale: American Optimist

Scott Kupor is the Director of the U.S. Office of Personnel Management and has achieved some of the most important reforms in DC in only a couple years. How has he reduced the size of the federal government for the first time in generations? How is he bringing merit back to the civil service? And what is he doing to incentivize and make it easier for our best minds to serve in government?

Before joining the Trump administration, Scott was employee number one at Andreessen Horowitz. As Managing Partner, he helped build it into one of the world’s largest venture firms. He’s also the author of the bestselling “Secrets of Sand Hill Road: Venture Capital and How to Get It.” In 2024, he was confirmed by the U.S. Senate as Director of the U.S. Office of Personnel Management, where he’s responsible for more than two million civil service employees and the policies governing their hiring, firing, and retention.

Recorded before a live audience at the University of Austin, we begin with Scott’s unlikely path to DC and the incentive problem at the root of government dysfunction. Learn how a consent decree over four decades ago killed entrance exams for federal jobs, and how Scott got it overturned — merit is coming back! He also explains how he executed the largest peacetime reduction in the federal workforce since 1930, while eliminating degree and experience requirements so we can get our top talent into government regardless of their background. Finally, Scott dives into the launch of the U.S. Tech Force and his effort to recruit an elite corps of software engineers to make government competent and functional again. He ends with his pitch to young Americans: if you want to take on some of the most complex problems that impact millions of your fellow citizens, there’s no better place than the U.S. government.

(00:00) Episode intro

(01:40) Why leave tech to be attacked in DC?

(06:27) Biggest federal workforce reduction in modern history

(08:45) How the left killed merit-based hiring

(14:40) How Scott is bringing merit back to DC

(15:50) Lessons from DOGE

(18:20) Hidden costs of outdated systems; billions wasted

(23:40) Building a U.S. Tech Force and hiring for skills

(26:20) Eliminating degree requirement to get the best talent

(27:16) Why should a young talented person serve in government?

(30:28) Optimism for DC; rejecting the blackpill

Anthropic is one of the fastest-growing companies in history and sits at the forefront of the AI race. This week, we’re joined by two key leaders on Anthropic’s technical team — Sholto Douglas and Nicholas Marwell — for an inside look at the AI frontier. Are we on the cusp of AGI — and what does that mean? What are they most excited about and most concerned about? And where does Anthropic stand on open source, as well as criticisms of its regulatory approach?

Sholto Douglas grew up in Sydney, Australia, where he studied robotics and taught himself Machine Learning research; he went on to work at DeepMind before becoming a tech lead in Reinforcement Learning (RL) at Anthropic. Nicholas Marwell, a San Francisco native, studied at Yale and joined Anthropic early in its journey to lead RL Science and now the Horizons team. We begin with the state of AI progress, and why Sholto and Nicholas believe AGI is likely within the next couple of years. We unpack their case for AI optimism, why biology is the most exciting next frontier, and whether a post-scarcity world is truly achievable. Then, they explain why the next decade “belongs to the generalists” and offer advice for young people entering the workforce in the coming years. Then we dig into the hard questions: offense vs. defense in cyber and bio, regulatory capture, open source, distillation, and competition with China. We also discuss the importance of virtue, faith, and institutions, and whether the leading AI researchers in Silicon Valley share the values of the heartland. Finally, they offer a few predictions for the years ahead and whether AI will soon win a Fields Medal or even a Nobel Prize.

NOTE: This conversation was recorded about a month ago, and delayed beyond our control, but it’s still timely.

00:00 Episode intro

02:00 Self-taught ML; Unlikely paths to Anthropic

04:13 What are the most exciting things you’re working on?

07:48 Have we reached AGI — and what comes next?

10:10 How to measure AI progress

14:05 Is biology the next great frontier?

16:30 Career advice & the decade of the generalists

19:10 What could go wrong? What are the biggest AI risks?

22:50 Offense vs defense; how technology evolves

24:50 Answering the regulatory capture critique

30:15 Anthropic’s stance on open source

31:30 Would you slow down and let China go ahead?

32:50 Anthropic’s view on distillation

39:50 Is a post-scarcity world achievable?

48:30 How do we preserve values, tradition & community?

54:45 Predictions for 2028

John Jovanovic is the President and Chairman of the Export-Import Bank of the United States. After years of mismanagement, Ex-Im is now profitable and has become a key driver of American reindustrialization. How did he turn the bank around? What's behind a new $12 billion critical mineral reserve to secure supply chains? And how is he seeing AI impact factory floors across America?The grandson of a Chicago steelworker, Jovanovic spent his career in energy, commodities, and supply chains — most recently as Chief Strategy Officer at Asplundh, the largest provider of critical infrastructure services across North America. He went on to serve in the first Trump administration at the Development Finance Corporation, where he opened the DFC's first overseas office to counter Chinese and Russian influence in the Balkans. In the fall of 2025, he was confirmed by the U.S. Senate to lead the Export-Import Bank.We begin with Jovanovic's turnaround of Ex-Im: he lays out his key reforms and explains why he spent his first hundred days in the building instead of traveling the country. Next, we dive into Project Vault, the $12 billion public-private critical mineral reserve he announced alongside President Trump to shore up American supply chains. Then, we explore his thesis behind the "revenge of the physical world," why AI is a shot in the arm for reindustrialization, and what Jovanovic is seeing on factory floors across the country. Finally, we discuss the backlash against data centers and lay out the case for AI optimism and how to ensure all Americans benefit from this massive opportunity.

(00:00) Episode intro

(02:00) If you can’t manufacture, you can't innovate

(09:00) Grandson of a steelworker; John’s background

(11:18) Countering Chinese & Russian influence in the Balkans

(15:55) Senate confirmation & how to build bipartisan support

(21:45) How John made Ex-Im profitable again

(28:10) Securing supply chains: $12B critical mineral reserve

(35:40) Superhuman strength: AI & reindustrialization

(38:08) Addressing data center backlash & AI safety

(41:57) Optimism for DC & America’s future

Brian Chau is an investigative journalist using AI to uncover widespread corruption and billions in fraud. He recently revealed how the Effective Altruism movement bought and planted AI doomer articles, and he exposed the firm behind the frontier lab hack that's fueling AI hysteria. Now he's breaking his newest story: a $21 billion racial wealth transfer in healthcare payments across 35 states. How is he using AI to uncover stories that no other journalist could find? Why does he believe that AI is ultimately on the side of liberty and transparency? And can AI-powered accountability rebuild trust in media?

We discuss these timely issues and more with Brian, founder of Effort News. At 15 years old, Brian was the youngest person in North America to win an IOI gold medal in competitive programming. He went on to study at Waterloo University before leading Alliance for the Future, an AI policy organization in DC. There he encountered the broken state of media firsthand and decided to build Effort News.

We begin with Brian’s path from competitive programming to the “dirty news business,” and how he saw a generational opportunity to save journalism by applying AI to uncover massive fraud and corruption. Next, we break his latest news: an investigation into Health Equity Incentives — a $21 billion discriminatory transfer of Medicaid and Medicare dollars away from White and Asian people to Black and Hispanic. Then, we discuss his recent investigation into the UK counterterrorism program that flagged the writings of Douglas Murray and George Orwell as terrorist threats, and how Effective Altruism NGOs are funding AI doomer articles. Despite the splintered, tribal nature of journalism today, Brian believes that provable, AI-verified reporting will become the standard and rebuild confidence in our key institutions.

00:00 Episode intro

01:40 Youngest American to win IOI gold

04:30 AI journalism; uncovering what legacy media can't

09:30 Is Effort News nonpartisan? Answering the critiques

11:25 Breaking news: $21 Billion Racial Wealth Transfer

17:30 Exposing the UK's counterterror incompetence

22:00 How Effective Altruism & AI doomers bought the media

24:00 Anthropic "whistleblower" connection to left-wing NGOs

28:50 How do you account for bias in your reporting?

34:30 How to build a media business in 2026

42:30 AI for liberty and accountability; optimistic vision for the future

Until recently, robots were constrained to narrow, specific tasks. Think assembly lines, medical devices, or household vacuum cleaners. But now all that is changing. One robot trained by Generalist's foundation model can do everything from folding clothes and washing dishes to sorting objects and repairing other robots. How are Pete Florence and the Generalist team bringing AI to the physical world? Why is intelligence, not hardware, the key unlock for robotics? And how could general-purpose robots unlock 10 times more scientific progress in the years ahead?Pete grew up in the Bay Area, earned his PhD at MIT, and became a star scientist at Google DeepMind. In 2023, he left to co-found Generalist, which builds robotics foundation models to help bring general intelligence to the physical world. Its latest model, GEN-1.5, can now train robots in a matter of seconds on simple tasks such as folding laundry and sorting objects. For this conversation, we're also joined by 8VC Partner Vivek Gopalan. We begin with Pete's entrepreneurial journey and his epiphany in grad school — walk into any robotics lab and the robots were standing still most hours of the day. Pete unpacks why robots, like humans, learn through data and experience, and why intelligence, not hardware, is the next frontier for robotics. At DeepMind he specialized in bringing multimodal learning (language models + vision models) into robotics, and he's now bringing that to the next level with robotic world models at Generalist. We dive into robotics' GPT-3 moment, the emergent capabilities Generalist is seeing — including self-taught ambidexterity — and the data moats that will shape the industry. Finally, we explore what a world of abundant robots means for science, reindustrialization, and American prosperity.

00:00 Episode intro

01:30 Bay Area to MIT and DeepMind

03:55 Pete's epiphany: robots sitting still

08:30 Why intelligence, not hardware, is the next frontier

13:20 The GPT-3 era of robotics

14:55 Why leave DeepMind?

16:50 How to train robot brains

18:30 Emergent ambidexterity

20:40 LLMs vs robot world models

23:50 GEN-0, GEN-1 & scaling laws in robotics

27:28 10x more science per year

32:50 Skilled trades, reindustrialization & future of robots

Aaron Levie has spent two decades building Box into a cloud storage leader — and he's never been more excited for the future. What's next in the AI wave? Where is he already seeing evidence for new job creation? What do the doomers and accelerationists both get wrong? And why is Silicon Valley's biggest AI challenge self-inflicted?

We discuss these topics and more in this week's episode with Aaron. Originally a college project to access his files from anywhere, Aaron dropped out of USC in 2005 to build Box. He raised his first funding from Mark Cuban and pivoted to the enterprise. Today, Box is a multi-billion dollar company serving 120,000 global customers, and Aaron has become one of tech's leading voices on AI in the enterprise.

We begin our conversation with the state of model progress and the unprecedented speed of the AI era — companies going from zero to $500M in revenue in a year or two. We also discuss the Kimi K3 debate and China closing the gap on the U.S. in the AI race. Next, Aaron explains why diffusion, not intelligence, is the real rate limiter for AI adoption, and what the challenges will be at the enterprise level. Then we dive into the jobs debate: Aaron explains the 13 new types of jobs AI has created at Box, why law firms now need teams of engineers for their own custom AI models, and why mass job destruction means betting against markets themselves. Finally, we tackle Silicon Valley's self-inflicted AI crisis and why it may become the number one issue of the next presidential election.

(00:00) Episode intro

(01:15) AI wave / every two months is a year now

(06:30) China, Kimi K3 & open-source debate

(10:45) Diffusion is the real rate limiter

(15:50) Agent-first startups vs incumbents

(19:00) Nobody reads those contracts — AI’s new work

(23:35) Silicon Valley’s AI Problem / Larry David making AI models

(29:20) 13 new types of AI jobs at Box

(32:20) The origins of Box / dropping out of college

(37:00) Favorite angel investments right now

(40:20) Optimism for America’s future

Aaron Cannon is applying AI to solve one of the oldest and most important challenges in business: understanding exactly what customers want and need. Traditional consumer surveys often provide low-quality data, while one-on-one interviews are cost-prohibitive and not scalable. But AI unlocks profound new possibilities. How is Aaron using AI to conduct deep, insightful interactions at scale? What happens when organizations have always-on customer understanding? And what are the new opportunities for incorporating real-time feedback into product improvements?

Aaron Cannon is the co-founder and CEO of Outset, one of the fastest-growing, agent-led customer research platforms. Try it yourself here and help us improve American Optimist; we'll incorporate the top recommendations!

Prior, Aaron was the head of product at Untapped and Triplebyte and worked in senior product roles at Tesla, Pebble, and Monitor Deloitte. He launched Outset in 2022 after seeing an opportunity with large language models to fundamentally change how organizations learn from the people they serve. For this conversation, we're also joined by 8VC Partner Jack Moshkovich, who helped lead our investment in Outset.

We begin with Aaron’s path to founding Outset and the inefficiencies he saw in traditional customer research. Next, we explore how Outset’s AI-moderated interviews work in practice — from consumer studies to enterprise deployments at Microsoft, Google, and Uber. Learn how AI-led interviews can actually elicit more honest and in-depth responses than human-led conversations. Then, we dive into the explosive growth of the company — 8X revenue over the past year — and its “forward-deployed researchers" model. Finally, Aaron shares his vision for "self-driving research": AI that doesn’t just gather feedback but helps close the loop by identifying problems and even suggesting fixes — ultimately leading to improved products, experiences, and organizations.

00:00 Episode intro

01:10 Aaron’s entrepreneurial journey

06:00 How does AI-moderated research work?

09:25 Why people will talk to AI more than humans

13:40 How Outset landed Microsoft, Google & Uber

14:55 Are you replacing human jobs?

20:56 New possibilities for real-time product improvements

23:30 The pros and cons of synthetic research

28:00 Insane growth / how Outset 8X’d revenue

35:00 How AI is upending a $140B industry

Nima Ghamsari was a top talent at Palantir before founding Blend Labs to digitize the mortgage process. Blend became one of Silicon Valley’s hottest SaaS companies until the mortgage industry came to a screeching halt in recent years. Now, the AI wave has Blend poised for a comeback. What will the future of home buying look like? Why is Nima all-in on AI agents? And how can AI supercharge established tech companies with the will and talent to rethink things from scratch?

In this episode, we’re joined by the Founder and Head of Blend, Nima Ghamsari. We begin with his parents immigrating from Iran to the U.S. in the 1980s and how Nima made his way to Stanford. He quickly made a name for himself as a talented online poker player — winning millions of dollars and famously showing up to Palantir as a new hire in an Aston Martin. Learn about the lessons Nima brought with him from Palantir into building Blend, and how he took on the ambitious task of bringing the outdated, cumbersome mortgage process online. Next, we dive into Blend’s meteoric rise and fall as the U.S. mortgage industry hit the skids in recent years. Now, Nima believes AI has the company poised for a comeback. Learn about its AI agent, “Autopilot,” and why Blend has the most deployed agents in financial services right now. On this podcast, we talk a lot about new AI-first companies; Blend is a great example of a talented SaaS company embracing AI for a powerful Act II.

00:00 Episode intro

01:45 Millions playing poker to joining Palantir

06:00 Most important lessons from Palantir

07:30 Founding Blend / understanding the mortgage industry

11:25 How to win over banks and risk-averse customers

15:50 Blend’s meteoric rise and fall

19:00 Going all-in on AI agents / Blend’s Act II

22:55 Is Blend undervalued today?

26:50 Impact of AI on internal operations / increased productivity

32:00 The future of SaaS

36:20 The optimistic case for AI

Disclosure: Joe Lonsdale is a principal of Eight Partners VC, LLC (“8VC”), a registered investment adviser whose funds currently hold shares of Blend Labs, Inc. (“Blend”). Joe also has a longstanding personal relationship with Blend and its CEO, having served as an early investor, adviser, and board member. The statements in this episode reflect Joe’s personal views as of the date of recording and may contain forward-looking statements that are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Nothing in this episode constitutes investment, legal, tax, or financial advice, nor should any statement be understood as a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any security or invest in any 8VC-managed vehicle. Listeners should conduct their own research and consult their own professional advisers before making any investment decisions. American Optimist is Joe’s personal podcast; the views expressed are his own and do not necessarily represent the views of 8VC or its affiliates.

In 2010, the U.S. and China were at parity in electricity generation. Today, China boasts triple our capacity. We’re at the vanguard of the AI revolution but falling dangerously behind in energy production. Scott Nolan has identified a key bottleneck in nuclear energy and is at the forefront of the effort to scale nuclear power and help America achieve energy abundance.

While studying at Cornell University, Scott landed an internship at Boeing. He quickly jumped to SpaceX as an early employee and worked on the Falcon propulsion systems and Dragon capsule. He later became Partner at Founders Fund, where he focuses on energy, infrastructure, biotech, and other key sectors. In 2024, he founded General Matter to rebuild America’s nuclear enrichment capacity.

We begin the episode with Scott’s entrepreneurial journey, the contrast between Boeing and SpaceX, and how to build a culture that prioritizes speed and performance in a highly regulated sector. Next, Scott explains the origins of General Matter and breaks down the science behind creating nuclear fuel. In the 1980s, the U.S. produced 80% of global enriched uranium; today that number is zero. Learn how post-Cold War disarmament destroyed our capacity to the point where we are now reliant on Russia, among others, for enrichment. Scott explains how China surged ahead in electricity generation, and what it will take to jumpstart America’s nuclear renaissance. Finally, we cover exciting new possibilities, including nuclear power in space and on the moon, and what a future of cheap, abundant energy could look like.

00:00 Episode intro

01:20 Boeing vs SpaceX / lessons on speed & performance

05:20 What made SpaceX unique?

09:05 General Matter / how to make nuclear fuel

16:45 Disarmament and relying on Russia

19:50 The AI energy crisis / falling behind China

24:30 Founders Fund and energy investing

27:15 How to scale nuclear energy

32:00 How to fund the nuclear buildout

36:15 Nuclear in space & new possibilities

Is America’s national wealth built on slavery? Are disparities between races today attributable to past injustices? Will we ever overcome race politics? These difficult questions are at the heart of Coleman Hughes’ new course at the University of Austin titled “The Legacy of Slavery.”

Coleman is one of the clearest voices confronting race-essentialism in America today. He’s the author of The End of Race Politics: Arguments for a Colorblind America, host of the Conversations with Coleman podcast, and a visiting professor at the University of Austin.

In this episode, Coleman takes us behind the scenes of his new UATX course, where he examines the two opposing philosophies that emerged from the civil rights era: Dr. King’s colorblind vision and Derrick Bell’s Critical Race Theory. He breaks these down into two camps -- minimalist and maximalist -- and explains how he equips students to weigh the merits of each side. He contrasts the UATX approach, where Thomas Sowell versus Ta-Nehisi Coates takes center stage, to his time at Columbia University and its obsession with racial grievances. Then we dive into a few legacy debates: Is America’s wealth due to slavery? Is the collapse of the two-parent black family a result of past injustice? Finally, Coleman lays out three steps toward an optimistic vision for race in America: get race out of the law (end affirmative action), stop programming children to see race, and foster a growing economy with opportunity for all.

00:00 Episode intro

01:40 Teaching the Legacy of Slavery

06:20 Coleman’s journey from Columbia to UATX

08:30 Dr. King vs Derrick Bell

11:20 Racial disparities by IQ and salary

13:00 Thomas Sowell & the Real History of Slavery

19:00 America’s Founding hypocrisy

24:00 Will the Left cancel Dr. King?

26:20 Understanding the 1619 Project

30:25 Breakdown of the black family

37:20 Is America wealthy because of slavery?

43:50 Are you worried about woke AI?

45:40 Three solutions for racial progress