Andy Levin is a professor of economics at Dartmouth College and longtime advisor to many central banks. Andy returns to the show to discuss his policy brief on holding the Fed accountable for its spending practices.

Check out the transcript for this week’s episode, now with links.

Recorded on April 9th, 2025

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Timestamps:

(00:00:00) – Intro

(00:00:50) – Andy’s Professional Background

(00:02:07) – Overstaffed or Overworked?

(00:04:09) – The Fed’s Extraordinary Independence

(00:10:10) – Inspector Generals and the Fed

(00:20:33) – The Fed’s Workers and Payroll

(00:37:35) – Updates to the Fed’s Headquarters

(00:48:24) – Other Fed Challenges

(00:56:26) – How to Improve the Fed

(00:58:24) – Outro

Kathryn Judge is a law professor at Columbia University and a legal scholar of the Federal Reserve and financial policy. Kathryn returns to the show to discuss the Fed’s Emergency Lending Facilities, or 13(3) and current happenings at the Federal Reserve.

Check out the transcript for this week’s episode, now with links.

Recorded on March 27th, 2025

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Timestamps:

(00:00:00) – Intro

(00:01:43) – History of Section 13(3)

(00:03:55) – Increasing Use of 13(3)

(00:06:55) – Unusual and Exigent Circumstances

(00:08:53) – Changes to 13(3)

(00:13:17) – Classification of the Facilities

(00:21:13) – Should the Fed Be Doing Emergency Lending?

(00:25:42) – Feature or Bug?

(00:33:19) – Fed Independence

(00:47:45) – Regionalism of the Fed

(00:55:23) – Outro

Paul Blustein is a former Washington Post and Wall Street Journal journalist who has authored several acclaimed books on global economic institutions. In Paul’s first appearance on the show, he discusses the historical rise of the dollar, it’s present-day power, how it compares to other global currencies, current challenges to its power, the rise of crypto, and much more.

Check out the transcript for this week’s episode, now with links.

Recorded on March 26th, 2025

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Timestamps:

(00:00:00) – Intro

(00:00:52) – Paul’s Books

(00:05:08) – Motivations for King Dollar

(00:09:02) – History of the Dollar

(00:12:57) – Nixon Shock of 1971

(00:23:36) – Paul Volcker

(00:33:14) – Dollar Dominance and Statecraft

(00:40:46) – What About the Euro?

(00:44:42) – Cryptocurrency as a Rival to the Dollar

(00:47:54) – Drawbacks of Dollar Dominance

(00:57:03) – Outro

Bill Nelson is a Chief economist and an executive vice president at the Bank Policy Institute. Bill returns to the show to discuss the changes at many central banks around the world from a supply-driven floor system to a demand-driven floor system and how the Fed has been resistant to this change.

Check out the transcript for this week’s episode, now with links.

Recorded on March 6th, 2025

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Timestamps:

(00:00:00) – Intro

(00:01:35) – Trend Toward a Demand-Driven Ceiling System

(00:07:32) – Will the Fed Follow Suit?

(00:13:11) – Bank of England’s New Policy Implementation Framework

(00:21:33) – Bill’s Suggestions for the Fed’s Implementation Framework

(00:39:18) – Responding to Lorie’s Case for the Floor System

(00:59:11) – Outro

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Scott Lincicome is the vice president of general economics and trade at Cato. Scott returns to the program to discuss the past, present, and future of Trump’s trade war, the impact of tariffs on the US consumer, myths about globalization, the state of globalization worldwide, and much more.

Check out the transcript for this week’s episode, now with links.

Recorded on March 19th, 2025

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Timestamps:

(00:00:00) – Intro

(00:01:01) – Cato’s Trade Center

(00:04:06) – Current State of Trump’s Trade War

(00:14:09) – Trade War Strategy

(00:20:48) – Break in the Globalization Trend

(00:29:51) – Bilateral Trade Deficit View

(00:54:01) – Comparative Advantage

(01:00:30) – How to Support Free Trade

(001:01:44) – Outro

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Lyman Stone is a demographer and the director of the Pronatalism Initiative at the Institute for Family Studies. In Lyman’s first appearance on the show, he discusses demographic and marriage decline, the fallacy in the thinking of degrowthers, the benefits of pronatalist policy, and much more.

Check out the transcript for this week’s episode, now with links.

Recorded on February 13th, 2025

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Timestamps:

(00:00:00) – Intro

(00:02:04) – Lyman Stone’s Career Path

(00:04:54) – Demography as a Discipline

(00:10:41) – Demographic Decline

(00:15:28) – Decline of Marriage

(00:32:24) – Degrowthers

(00:43:15) – Possible Policy Solutions

(00:54:50) – Outro

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Athanasios Orphanides is a professor at MIT, formerly served at the Federal Reverse for 15 years, and was the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus. In Athanasios’s first appearance of show he discussed real-time monetary policy rules, their implication on the Fed’s framework review, his natural growth target, and much more.

Check out the transcript for this week’s episode, now with links.

Recorded on February 18th, 2025

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Timestamps:

(00:00:00) – Substack Announcement

(00:00:49) – Intro

(00:02:24) – Athanasios’ Career Journey

(00:06:08) – Real-Time Policy Rules

(00:23:36) – Potential Drawbacks of Monetary Rules

(00:28:46) – Natural Growth Targeting Rule

(00:37:31) – Federal Reserve’s Framework Review

(00:57:02) – Outro

Dean Ball is a research fellow at the Mercatus Center. In Dean’s first appearance on the show, he explains the AI revolution, current AI developments, policy implications of the AI boom, and the future of AI.

Check out the transcript for this week’s episode, now with links.

Recorded on February 19th, 2025

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Timestamps:

(00:00:00) – Intro

(00:01:03) – Dean’s Background in Artificial Intelligence

(00:03:32) – Recent AI Events

(00:22:03) – Policy Implications

(00:33:58) – AI and the Future

(00:56:34) – Outro

Liya Palagashvili is a senior research fellow and director of the Labor Policy Project at the Mercatus Center. In Liya’s first appearance on the show she explains federal and state level changes to labor regulations, who makes up the gig economy workforce, the role women play in the independent workforce, the novel concept of portable benefits, and much more.

Check out the transcript for this week’s episode, now with links.

Recorded on January 31st, 2025

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Timestamps:

(00:00:00) – Intro

(00:01:37) – Liya’s Background and Interest in Labor Economics

(00:03:18) – Labor Policy Project and Labor Market Matters

(00:07:32) –Independent Contractors and the Gig Economy

(00:17:20) – Independent Work as a Buffer from Shocks

(00:23:40) – Women and Independent Work

(00:31:01) – Men in the Independent Workforce

(00:35:23) – Myths Surrounding the Gig Economy

(00:39:36) – Portable Benefits for Independent Workers

(00:49:48) – Port Strikes and Dynamic Labor Markets

(01:02:36) – Outro

Evan Koenig is a former senior aide to the president of the Dallas Fed. Evan returns to the show to discuss, the ins and outs of nominal GDP targeting, the practical applications of NGDP targeting, the reasons the Fed should consider it for the framework review, and much more.

Check out the transcript for this week’s episode, now with links.

Recorded on October 29th, 2024

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Timestamps:

(00:00:00) – Intro

(00:01:06) – Evan Koenig at the Fed

(00:02:04) – Nominal GDP Targeting

(00:06:22) – Why the Fed Didn’t Consider Nominal GDP Targeting

(00:17:25) – How to Explain Nominal GDP Targeting to the Public

(00:23:10) – Main Arguments for Nominal GDP Targeting

(00:33:52) – Practical Applications of Nominal GDP

(00:47:19) – Nominal GDP Targeting and the Fed’s Upcoming Framework Review

(00:50:57) – Outro