Neel Nanda joins the podcast to explain how we can understand neural networks using mechanistic interpretability. Neel is an independent AI safety researcher. You can find his blog here: https://www.neelnanda.io

Timestamps: 
00:00 Who is Neel? 
04:41 How did Neel choose to work on AI safety? 
12:57 What does an AI safety researcher do? 
15:53 How analogous are digital neural networks to brains? 
21:34 Are neural networks like alien beings? 
29:13 Can humans think like AIs? 
35:00 Can AIs help us discover new physics? 
39:56 How advanced is the field of AI safety? 
45:56 How did Neel form independent opinions on AI? 
48:20 How does AI safety research decrease the risk of extinction? 

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Neel Nanda on What is Going on Inside Neural Networks

The Future of Life Institute (FLI) is a nonprofit working to reduce global catastrophic and existential risk from powerful technologies. In particular, FLI focuses on risks from artificial intelligence (AI), biotechnology, nuclear weapons and climate change.

The Institute's work is made up of three main strands: grantmaking for risk reduction, educational outreach, and advocacy within the United Nations, US government and European Union institutions.

FLI has become one of the world's leading voices on the governance of AI having created one of the earliest and most influential sets of governance principles: the Asilomar AI Principles.

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Dan Faggella joins the podcast to discuss whether humanity should eventually create AGI, how AI will change power dynamics between institutions, what drives AI progress, and which industries are implementing AI successfully. Find out more about Dan at https://danfaggella.com

Timestamps:
00:00 Value differences in AI 
12:07 Should we eventually create AGI? 
28:22 What is a worthy successor? 
43:19 AI changing power dynamics
59:00 Open source AI 
01:05:07 What drives AI progress? 
01:16:36 What limits AI progress? 
01:26:31 Which industries are using AI?

Dan Faggella on the Race to AGI

Liron Shapira joins the podcast to discuss superintelligence goals, what makes AI different from other technologies, risks from centralizing power, and whether AI can defend us from AI. 

Timestamps:
00:00 Intelligence as optimization-power
05:18 Will LLMs imitate human values? 
07:15 Why would AI develop dangerous goals? 
09:55 Goal-completeness 
12:53 Alignment to which values? 
22:12 Is AI just another technology? 
31:20 What is FOOM? 
38:59 Risks from centralized power 
49:18 Can AI defend us against AI? 
56:28 An Apollo program for AI safety
01:04:49 Do we only have one chance? 
01:07:34 Are we living in a crucial time? 
01:16:52 Would superintelligence be fragile? 
01:21:42 Would human-inspired AI be safe?

Liron Shapira on Superintelligence Goals

Annie Jacobsen joins the podcast to lay out a second by second timeline for how nuclear war could happen. We also discuss time pressure, submarines, interceptor missiles, cyberattacks, and concentration of power. You can find more on Annie's work at https://anniejacobsen.com 

Timestamps:
00:00 A scenario of nuclear war
06:56 Who would launch an attack? 
13:50 Detecting nuclear attacks 
19:37 The first critical seconds 
29:42 Decisions under time pressure
34:27 Lessons from insiders  
44:18 Submarines 
51:06 How did we end up like this? 
59:40 Interceptor missiles 
1:11:25 Nuclear weapons and cyberattacks
1:17:35 Concentration of power

Annie Jacobsen on Nuclear War - a Second by Second Timeline

Katja Grace joins the podcast to discuss the largest survey of AI researchers conducted to date, AI researchers' beliefs about different AI risks, capabilities required for continued AI-related transformation, the idea of discontinuous progress, the impacts of AI from either side of the human-level intelligence threshold, intelligence and power, and her thoughts on how we can mitigate AI risk. Find more on Katja's work at https://aiimpacts.org/.

Timestamps:
0:20 AI Impacts surveys
18:11 What AI will look like in 20 years
22:43 Experts’ extinction risk predictions
29:35 Opinions on slowing down AI development
31:25 AI “arms races”
34:00 AI risk areas with the most agreement
40:41 Do “high hopes and dire concerns” go hand-in-hand?
42:00 Intelligence explosions
45:37 Discontinuous progress
49:43 Impacts of AI crossing the human-level intelligence threshold
59:39 What does AI learn from human culture?
1:02:59 AI scaling
1:05:04 What should we do?

Katja Grace on the Largest Survey of AI Researchers

Holly Elmore joins the podcast to discuss pausing frontier AI, hardware overhang, safety research during a pause, the social dynamics of AI risk, and what prevents AGI corporations from collaborating. You can read more about Holly's work at https://pauseai.info 

Timestamps: 
00:00 Pausing AI
10:23 Risks during an AI pause
19:41 Hardware overhang
29:04 Technological progress 
37:00 Safety research during a pause
54:42 Social dynamics of AI risk
1:10:00 What prevents cooperation? 
1:18:21 What about China? 
1:28:24 Protesting AGI corporations

Neel Nanda on What is Going on Inside Neural Networks

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