During a clinical evaluation, Aiyinde notices that a patient exhibits pronounced anterior pelvic tilt while standing but this posture significantly improves when the patient engages in a squat. This observation is MOST likely due to tightness in which of the following muscles?

A. Iliopsoas

B. Gluteus maximus

C. Rectus abdominis

D. Biceps femoris (long head)

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Wajiha presents with a chief complaint of dizziness upon waking and difficulty washing hair secondary to the onset of dizziness. The patient is currently unable to reach down to pick up objects from the floor. The patient denies heart palpitations and states that she has frequent nausea but does not vomit. What condition is the MOST likely present?

A. Meniere’s Disease

B. Canalithiasis

C. Optic neuritis

D. Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex impairment

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Kyle is treating a patient in stage 1 of complete decongestive therapy (CDT). Which of the following is NOT a primary focus in this phase:

A. Manual lymphatic drainage and short stretch bandages

B. Use of a customized compression garment

C. Education on keeping the skin clean and dry

D. Exercising the trunk before affected extremities

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Jared presents with a history of cataracts and has been experiencing repeated falls at home. Six months ago, his home was remodeled, and new carpets were installed, coinciding with the onset of the falls. Which sensory system is the patient MOST dependent on for balance?

A. Vision, somatosensory, and vestibular

B. Vision and somatosensory

C. Somatosensory

D. Vestibular

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Kelly a 30-year-old marathon runner presents with a gradual onset of persistent pain at the base of the first metatarsal, which intensifies during long runs and eases with rest. Examination reveals localized swelling, tenderness on palpation, and pain during passive extension of the big toe. Radiographs show no fractures but a slight increase in the space between the first and second metatarsal bones. What is the MOST likely diagnosis?

A) Turf toe

B) Sesamoiditis

C) Hallux valgus

D) Metatarsalgia

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Jane has a history of coronary artery disease (CAD) and is performing marching and lunges during an in-home visit. The patient suddenly reports chest pain, shortness of breath, and dizziness. The physical therapist's IMMEDIATE action should be:

A. Stop the exercise and have the patient sit down

B. Administer nitroglycerin and continue the exercise at a lower intensity

C. Call emergency medical services (EMS) immediately

D. Measure the patient's blood pressure and heart rate

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Matt, a 17-year-old athlete, experiences chronic muscle weakness, foot deformities (high arches and hammer toes), and sensory deficits in his legs and feet. These symptoms have been progressively worsening over the past few years, without any associated swelling or inflammation. Which condition is MOST likely present?

A) Osteomyelitis

B) Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

C) Sever's disease

D) Hereditary Motor & Sensory Neuropathy (HMSN)

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Suely a 40-year-old female with multiple sclerosis (MS) presents with ataxic gait, characterized by wide base of support, irregular steps, and difficulty maintaining balance. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate to address her gait abnormalities?
A. High-intensity plyometric exercises

B. Treadmill training with body-weight support

C. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the quadriceps

D. Static stretching of the lower extremities

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Blakely is a 65-year-old female with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus presents with a non-healing wound on her left foot. The wound has been present for six weeks and shows no signs of improvement. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate to promote wound healing?

A. Hydrotherapy with whirlpool

B. Application of a moist wound dressing

C. Daily debridement with a dry gauze

D. Use of systemic antibiotics only

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Raj presents with anterior knee pain that worsens during prolonged cycling. Which of the following adjustments to the bike setup would be MOST beneficial in alleviating the cyclist's symptoms?

A. Lowering the saddle height

B. Raising the saddle height

C. Moving the saddle forward

D. Moving the saddle backward

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