Suely a 40-year-old female with multiple sclerosis (MS) presents with ataxic gait, characterized by wide base of support, irregular steps, and difficulty maintaining balance. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate to address her gait abnormalities?
A. High-intensity plyometric exercises

B. Treadmill training with body-weight support

C. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the quadriceps

D. Static stretching of the lower extremities

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Blakely is a 65-year-old female with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus presents with a non-healing wound on her left foot. The wound has been present for six weeks and shows no signs of improvement. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate to promote wound healing?

A. Hydrotherapy with whirlpool

B. Application of a moist wound dressing

C. Daily debridement with a dry gauze

D. Use of systemic antibiotics only

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Raj presents with anterior knee pain that worsens during prolonged cycling. Which of the following adjustments to the bike setup would be MOST beneficial in alleviating the cyclist's symptoms?

A. Lowering the saddle height

B. Raising the saddle height

C. Moving the saddle forward

D. Moving the saddle backward

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Caden is a physical therapist who notes that a patient with a recent ACL reconstruction is reluctant to perform weight-bearing exercises. The patient expresses fear of re-injury. The MOST appropriate response to facilitate rehabilitation progress would involve:

A. Encouraging the patient to ignore the fear and push through discomfort.

B. Implementing graded exposure therapy and psychological support to address fear-avoidance behaviors.

C. Focusing exclusively on non-weight-bearing exercises until the fear subsides.

D. Increasing the intensity of weight-bearing exercises to quickly regain strength.

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Xavier is a patient who recently underwent hip replacement surgery and is now at a rehabilitation facility with a weight-bearing as tolerated (WBAT) status. The patient is 75 years old with mild Parkinson’s disease, affecting his balance and coordination. Given these considerations, which assistive device would be MOST appropriate for this patient during the initial phase of recovery?

A) Standard cane

B) Quad cane

C) Front-wheeled walker

D) Rollator walker

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Gerard arrives at physical therapy reporting acute lower back pain following an attempt to lift a heavy box. The pain radiates into both lower extremities constantly. During examination, all lumbar motions exacerbate the pain, and the patient prefers to stand and sit with increased lumbar flexion. Which pathology is MOST likely present?

A) Lumbar Herniated Disc

B) Facet Joint Syndrome

C) Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction

D) Ankylosing Spondylitis

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Margot, a 53-year-old woman, presents to physical therapy with bilateral, symmetrical enlargement of her legs extending from her hips to her ankles, sparing the feet. She reports the condition is painful and has worsened over several years. Skin texture is normal, and there is no pitting edema. Which condition is MOST consistent with these findings?

A) Chronic venous insufficiency

B) Obesity-related lymphedema

C) Primary lymphedema

D) Lipedema

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Jerry, a patient with type 2 diabetes, has been prescribed metformin to manage his blood glucose levels. The physical therapist understands that metformin’s primary function is to:

A) Stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin.

B) Decrease the liver's production of glucose.

C) Increase the sensitivity of insulin receptors on cells.

D) Slow the absorption of sugar from the intestines.

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Julian, a 59-year-old patient with a longstanding history of type 2 diabetes, presents with a chronic, non-healing wound on his foot. The wound is located on the lateral aspect of the foot, characterized by a sharply demarcated, circular margin, and a pale, dry base with minimal exudate. His medical history includes poorly controlled hypertension and intermittent claudication. What is the most likely classification of this ulcer?

A) Venous ulcer

B) Mixed arterial-venous ulcer

C) Pure arterial ulcer

D) Neuropathic ulcer

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Richard is a 75-year-old male patient being treated by physical therapy. In educating a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) about managing exacerbations at home, what advice should the physical therapist emphasize as MOST important?

B. Maintenance of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet.

C. Participation in daily, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise.

D. Keeping the home environment well-ventilated and free of irritants.

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