Real Life Pharmacology - Pharmacology Education for Health Care Professionals

By Eric Christianson, PharmD; Pharmacology Expert and Clinical PharmacistMedicine Health & Fitness Education

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Real Life Pharmacology - Pharmacology Education for Health Care Professionals episodes

November 21, 2019 Metronidazole Pharmacology
Metronidazole (Flagyl) is an antibiotic that is used for various infections.

Metronidazole can certainly cause GI upset like most antibiotics, but uniquely may also cause a metallic taste.

Metronidazole is also rarely associated with CNS changes and can induce the potential for peripheral neuropathy.

Patients should avoid alcohol with the use of metronidazole and this is on account for the possibility of a disulfiram reaction. I discuss some of the symptoms of this reaction in the podcast.

Metronidazole can substantially raise the concentrations of warfarin. INR monitor and a reduction in dose of warfarin may be necessary.
11 min
November 14, 2019 Testosterone Pharmacology
Testosterone replacement is primarily utilized in patients with hypogonadism. I discuss testosterone pharmacology, adverse effects, and drug interactions on this podcast episode.
Testosterone is a controlled substance because it is most often diverted for its potential to build muscle in athletes for competitive sports.
There is cardiovascular risks associated with the use of testosterone.
Testosterone can raise blood pressure and also raise cholesterol levels which may be a contributing factor to its potential to cause cardiovascular events.
Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE!

11 min
November 14, 2019 Testosterone Pharmacology
Testosterone replacement is primarily utilized in patients with hypogonadism. I discuss testosterone pharmacology, adverse effects, and drug interactions on this podcast episode.

Testosterone is a controlled substance because it is most often diverted for its potential to build muscle in athletes for competitive sports.

There is cardiovascular risks associated with the use of testosterone.

Testosterone can raise blood pressure and also raise cholesterol levels which may be a contributing factor to its potential to cause cardiovascular events.
11 min
November 07, 2019 Morphine Pharmacology
Morphine has opioid agonist activity that can cause respiratory depression and death in overdose.
Morphine-6-glucuronide is the metabolite that can accumulate and cause CNS toxicity in renal failure.
Be aware of CNS depressants that may enhance the effect of morphine and other opioids. Some examples of CNS depressants include gabapentin, benzodiazepines, older antihistamine, skeletal muscle relaxants, and pregabalin.
Opioid withdrawal is a significant concern when patients have their morphine or another opioid abruptly stopped. Some signs of withdrawal include agitation, mood swings, anxiety, sweating, GI upset, pain, and insomnia.
Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE!

14 min
November 07, 2019 Morphine Pharmacology
Morphine has opioid agonist activity that can cause respiratory depression and death in overdose.

Morphine-6-glucuronide is the metabolite that can accumulate and cause CNS toxicity in renal failure.

Be aware of CNS depressants that may enhance the effect of morphine and other opioids. Some examples of CNS depressants include gabapentin, benzodiazepines, older antihistamine, skeletal muscle relaxants, and pregabalin.

Opioid withdrawal is a significant concern when patients have their morphine or another opioid abruptly stopped. Some signs of withdrawal include agitation, mood swings, anxiety, sweating, GI upset, pain, and insomnia.
14 min
October 31, 2019 Prasugrel Pharmacology
Prasugrel is a P2Y12 inhibitor that is used in the setting of ACS.
Be aware of patients who may be taking over the counter medications that can increase their bleed risk while taking prasugrel.
Prasugrel is on the Beers list and in general, should be avoided in most situations for patients who are 75 years of age or older.
Morphine has the potential to impact antiplatelet agents like prasugrel and make them less effective. Be sure this is clinically considered prior to using morphine with prasugrel.
Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE!

11 min
October 31, 2019 Prasugrel Pharmacology
Prasugrel is a P2Y12 inhibitor that is used in the setting of ACS.

Be aware of patients who may be taking over the counter medications that can increase their bleed risk while taking prasugrel.

Prasugrel is on the Beers list and in general, should be avoided in most situations for patients who are 75 years of age or older.

Morphine has the potential to impact antiplatelet agents like prasugrel and make them less effective. Be sure this is clinically considered prior to using morphine with prasugrel.
11 min
October 24, 2019 Mirabegron Pharmacology
Mirabegron is a beta-3 agonist that can help relax bladder smooth muscle and manage symptoms of overactive bladder.
Mirabegron inhibits CYP2D6 which can negatively impact the effectiveness of tamoxifen. I discuss this in greater detail in the podcast.
Tramadol and codeine effectiveness can be impacted by mirabegron. Be aware of this when using this medication.
By inhibiting CYP2D6, mirabegron can increase the concentrations of many psychotropic medications such as fluoxetine, aripiprazole, clozapine, and paroxetine. I discuss this further in this episode of the podcast.
Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE!

16 min
October 24, 2019 Mirabegron Pharmacology
Mirabegron is a beta-3 agonist that can help relax bladder smooth muscle and manage symptoms of overactive bladder.

Mirabegron inhibits CYP2D6 which can negatively impact the effectiveness of tamoxifen. I discuss this in greater detail in the podcast.

Tramadol and codeine effectiveness can be impacted by mirabegron. Be aware of this when using this medication.

By inhibiting CYP2D6, mirabegron can increase the concentrations of many psychotropic medications such as fluoxetine, aripiprazole, clozapine, and paroxetine. I discuss this further in this episode of the podcast.
16 min
October 17, 2019 Erythromycin Pharmacology
Erythromycin uniquely has some potential benefit in the setting of gastroparesis. Azithromycin you will likely not see used for this indication.
Erythromycin binds the 50s subunit and ultimately prevents protein synthesis which is necessary for bacteria to grow and replicate.
QTc prolongation is a risk with all macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin included).
By inhibiting CYP3A4, erythromycin can be responsible for numerous drug interactions.
Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE!

13 min