Frail elderly patients are among the most expensive and worst-served populations in American healthcare — and, as Larry Bauer puts it, everybody has a story about a family member who didn't "finish well." In this episode, Stacey Richter talks with Bauer, longtime CEO of the Family Medicine Education Consortium, about three innovative primary care programs built specifically around this population — each using a different payment model, in a different community, but converging on similar lessons about what it actually takes to deliver better end-of-life care. WHAT YOU'LL LEARN ✅ Three real-world innovative primary care models for frail elderly patients: Dan Hoefer, MD, and Suzie Johnson's capitated Transition Program in San Diego; Ken Coburn, MD's CMS-grant-funded nurse navigator program, Health Quality Partners, in Pennsylvania; and Alan "Chip" Teel, MD's Full Circle America, a patient-funded home-monitoring program that costs roughly a tenth of nursing home care ✅ Why the same patient population (frail elders) requires genuinely different solutions depending on the local market — healthcare isn't one national market, it's hundreds of interconnected local ones, each with its own payer incentives and community relationships ✅ Why capitation, grant funding, and direct patient payment can all work as viable funding models for innovative primary care, as long as the program is actually rooted in and accountable to its local community ✅ How Larry Bauer thinks about the tension between right-sizing care and under-treating patients — the "death panel" counterargument these programs inevitably face ✅ Why trust between physicians, patients, and their communities — not technology or funding model alone — is the common thread across all three of these bright spots WHY THIS MATTERS "The number one goal is not cost containment; that's one of the outcomes," as one of the innovators featured puts it. These programs weren't built to save money first and help patients second — the cost savings followed from actually delivering care rooted in trust and local community relationships. For policymakers, payers, and self-insured employers looking for a single scalable model to roll out everywhere, that's an uncomfortable but important lesson: what works for frail elderly patients in San Diego won't look identical to what works in rural Pennsylvania, and pretending otherwise is how well-intentioned programs fail to actually help the people they're meant to serve. MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE EP326 with Rishi Wadhera, MD, MPP: Apple Podcasts | Spotify | Other Apps === LINKS === 🔗 Show Notes with all mentioned links: Episode Page ✉️ Enjoy this podcast? Subscribe to the free weekly newsletter 🫙 Support the podcast with a small donation to the Tip Jar 🎤 Listen on Apple Podcasts 🎤 Listen on Spotify 📺 Subscribe to our YouTube channel === CONNECT WITH THE RHV TEAM === ✭ LinkedIn ✭ Threads ✭ Bluesky ✭ X 06:53 In a brief overview, what does end-of-life care in America look like? 10:38 What are the three innovative systems and physicians Larry Bauer has worked with? 14:27 What does it mean to be in a capitated system? 19:14 What does the Health Quality Partners system look like? 22:13 Andreas Mang from Blackstone; look out for his episode in September. 22:50 What is a number one reason for hospital readmissions? 23:26 The third example of innovative primary care. 27:04 Why is comprehensive care at the community level so important and successful for end-of-life care? 28:03 "The number one goal is not cost containment; that's one of the outcomes." 28:26 What is the core issue for these three types of innovative care? 31:02 What does good policy to encourage this type of innovation look like? 34:14 Why is it important to trust physicians and be present and partnered with physicians?