Dr Philip Smith, Digital and Education Editor of Gut and Honorary Consultant Gastroenterologist at the Royal Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, UK interviews Professor Bertram Bengsch and Dr Henrike Salie from the Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, on the paper "Spatial single-cell profiling and neighbourhood analysis reveal the determinants of immune architecture connected to checkpoint inhibitor therapy outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma" published in paper copy in Gut in March 2025.