Two of the most popular previous guests are back: Sebastian Brunemeier, the General Partner of Healthspan Capital and CEO of ImmuneAGE Pharma, and Robin Hanson, Professor of Economics at George Mason University and iconic thinker.

Sebastian previously talked about longevity biotech and decentralized science. Robin spoke about prediction markets and governance innovation.

In this episode, we talk about the surprising science of health outcomes. Equipped with vast amounts of money and talent (18% of GDP), the healthcare market disappoints egregiously when it comes to making us living longer and healthy.

Robin explains why that is: it's hidden motives in human behavior. We defer rational decision-making to authorities with the incentive to overmedicate us.

Increased spending and more drugs make us worse.

Sebastian can confirm as a practicing scientist how the pharma-industrial complex and regulatory monopoly are drivers of a massive misallocation of capital.

However, we have now learned much about the potential of special jurisdictions, medical tourism, and regulatory flexibility.

Niklas and Sebastian have worked together over the past year to implement some groundbreaking ideas in practice: life insurance coupled with healthcare, for example, is an idea that is waiting for the right jurisdiction to make it possible.

At the following events, we'll gather renegade life scientists, biotechnology engineers, and crypto hackers to build the healthcare system of the future:

• Nov 3-5: Crypto Futures & Legal Engineering 2023 - A Próspera Builders' Summit https://lu.ma/crypto_legal2023
• Nov 17-19: DeSci & Longevity Biotech 2023 - A Próspera Builders' Summit https://lu.ma/longevity2023

There is a unique event that we're currently collecting a waitlist for:

• Jan 6 - Mar 1: Vitalia - Starting the Frontier City of Life https://lu.ma/vitalia

Olivier is an entrepreneur, investor, and independent author. He wrote “The Way of the Intelligent Rebel” and blogs at Disruptive Horizons.

The blog is about the disruption of the nation states by the internet and globalization and how to transform from a mono country to a netizen without borders.

Olivier's journey started with Tim Ferriss' book "The 4-Hour Work Week", as a way to unbundle his life through entrepreneurship and digital nomadism.

As a digital nomad, Olivier recommends the "Six Flag Theory" to become a mobile and sovereign individual protected from the overreach of extractive states.

Olivier is also a history buff and started a 2-part series with ten principles from history about the disruption of large institutions by new technology.

We also talk about AML-KYC financial regulations: they started with a noble goal, but have become an inefficient bureaucratic nightmare. It is estimated that the global compliance cost is $304bn per year but only managed to seize $3bn criminal funds.

This episode is full of practical insights into how to start unbundling your life and join the movement towards the decentralization of governance.

David Friedman is an economist, physicist, legal scholar, and author.

His father is the legendary economist Milton Friedman, and his son is the founder of the Seasteading Institute and Pronomos Capital, Patri Friedman (appeared on episode 32).

His most popular book is The Machinery of Freedom, and he’s written books on microeconomics and the economics of law, such as Law's Order, Hidden Order, and Legal Systems Very Different from Ours.

In this interview, we talk about the legacy of the Friedman family: a commitment to the search for truth, and a little trick to express uncomfortable things with numbers.

We talk about economic rationality, efficient law and the problem of public goods or why so-called "market failures" aren't an argument for government intervention.

These are important terms to understand what the "competitive governance" space is about: civilizations all throughout history have come up with different ways to solve coordination problems. Legal systems are much more different than you'd think. We can learn a lot from Islamic law, Romany law or Saga period Icelandic law.

These differing legal norms and mechanisms have an impact on the economic development of a civilization. They explain why some societies flourish or stagnate.

Yet there has been little innovation in probably the most important industry in the world. Governments and nation-states are monopoly providers of their products. It is very costly and hard to switch your provider, which is why they are slow to change.

David Friedman's work provides frameworks for thinking about how to change it, and to develop better ways to live together, to prosper, and to advance human progress.

This is a double-feature episode about the past, present and future of living.

In the first episode, Thibault Serlet gives a historical view of migration patterns and labor mobility. In the second episode, Jackson Stegers gives an overview of modern-day co-living business models and practical learnings - we use both to think about a future where people have more choices, a more mobile and unbundled territory.

Jackson Steger is the host of the Campfire by Cabin podcast. Besides podcasting, Jackson is writing about coliving networks, startup cities, new neighborhood development, network states, and other new models for living on his blog.

In this episode, Jackson gives an overview of different ways of co-living from smaller scale and self-organized to becoming large businesses like Selina.

What's new about co-living is technology such as the Internet to enable highly aligned groups to find each other. Balaji Srinivasan's "The Network State" is built around that idea, and projects such as Cabin are at the forefront of this trend.

In his role at Cabin, and at various stages in his life, has collected experience in organizing a community to live together. He summarized his practical insights in a post called "The Pyramid of Co-Living Needs", a valuable guide for self-starters.

Towards the end, we talk about the origin of passports, how to unbundle our lives, improve governance services and make it possible to live together in harmony.

This is a double-feature episode about the past, present and future of living.

In the first episode, Thibault Serlet gives a historical view of migration patterns and labor mobility. In the second episode, Jackson Stegers gives an overview of modern-day co-living business models and practical learnings - we use both to think about a future where people have more choices, a more mobile and unbundled territory.

Thibault Serlet is the Director of Research at the Adrianopole Group, a special economic zone intelligence firm.

In this episode, Thibault starts with a surprising insight: many people probably traveled more in the past than now. That is, if you compare traveling as a share of time and not miles traveled (this is higher today with airplanes).

Traveling for work and leisure was common for commercial, religious, and military reasons. Borders were much more open because it was much harder to enforce them, and it was in some ways easier to move to another place for opportunity.

After World War I, nation-states have become more powerful. They increasingly kept stricter border controls and required passports for passage. Passports have a long history, but the way we know them now is mostly a result of the past 100 years.

While Thibault can foresee a dystopian future where governments use technology to enforce even stricter within-country border controls, he reminds us of the struggle of many people against massive oppression such as the Sephardic Jews.

There is always hope.

Dwarkesh Patel is a podcaster.

The Dwarkesh Podcast (YouTube | Spotify | Apple) interviews intellectuals, scientists, historians, economists, and founders about their big idea.

The themes of Dwarkesh are similar to this podcast: frontier technologies, how to accelerate progress and the implications for humanity.

Recently, Dwarkesh has had prominent guests talking AI such as Marc Andreessen, Eliezer Yudkowsky, Carl Shulman, Ilya Sutskever and Dario Amodei.

In this episode, Niklas and Dwarkesh debate whether AI poses a high or low risk to human existence (neither of us denies that the risk is 0).

Niklas stands more on the low to negligible-risk side and Dwarkesh sees a greater risk. This ends up in a friendly, rational and learning debate.

Dwarkesh is a rising star in the podcasting world, and his channel is highly recommended content for listeners who enjoy this podcast.

Adam is one of the most experienced technology policy analysts in the world - he was writing about the internet on day 1 in the 1990s. Now, Adam is an innovation policy analyst at the R Street Institute, and the author of several books, including Permissionless Innovation (2016) & Evasive Entrepreneurs (2020).

Isn't it striking - almost all popular sci-fi movies about technology are dystopian? Not only does that warp the public perception of technology as something dangerous, but it also influences policy. Supposedly serious policymakers make arguments for increased regulation like "we don't want the Terminator, don't we?" all the time.

Adam takes us through the quagmire of Washington D.C. policy through the lens of one message: permissionless innovation is key to unlock a better future.

He introduces the term "evasive entrepreneurs" through case studies of Uber, Lyft and biohackers that used 3D printing for making prosthetics. These cases of "technology liberation have a few things in common: a) they operate at the borderline of legality, and b) they succeed by making consumers advocates for them.

Evasive entrepreneurship describes the premise of this podcast and of Infinita VC. Special jurisdictions like Prospera in Honduras, the Catawba DEZ in North Carolina or other free zones in Africa or Latin America can be regulatory sandboxes.

However, evasive entrepreneurs have moral obligations. It is also a tactic used by bad actors, such as Sam Bankman-Fried, who used an offshore jurisdiction (Bahamas) as a launchpad for a move to do regulatory capture in the United States.

We concede that evasive entrepreneurship can be done for good and bad.

Recently, Adam has been writing about the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. He brings bad news: Washington D.C. policymakers want to use it as an excuse to control the internet. Adam has been in the business for three decades and he's never seen more extreme proposals in a short amount of time.

This should be alarming to entrepreneurs. Technology is a force for good in the world, and we need permissionless environments to thrive. The good news is that we don't need to advocate for policy in Washington, we can criticize by creating.

Adam's book on Evasive Entrepreneurship contains several chapters to navigate ethical questions, and it's available for free (here). Let's build!

Adam blogs at techliberation.com

Dr. Simon Whitney is a family physician and ethicist. He taught at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas for twenty-two years. He is retired from medical practice but continues to publish and teach about medical ethics.

He wrote the book From Oversight to Overkill: Inside the Broken System That Blocks Medical Breakthroughs—And How We Can Fix It (Rivertowns Books, 2023).

What Simon is talking about is not the behemoth U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), one of the largest public agencies in the world.

The subject of his book is the Institutional Review Board (IRB) system, an institution responsible for preventing abuse of research subjects. It is run by the Office for Human Research Protection (OHRP), a small office within the United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS).

It is an obscure and little-known bureaucracy.

Simon uncovers how a fear-driven bureaucracy frustrates scientists by delaying research from anything between months to years and sometimes preventing important research with no harm to patients, but failing to benefit untold millions.

The medical history behind IRBs is fascinating and parallels many other stranded technologies stories.

It starts with a flexible system and lots of innovation. Medical self-experimentation was more common. It can be gut-wrenching, but it led to heroic feats of progress.

It was public health disasters that led to its demise.

Most of all the Tuskegee Syphilis Study became a widely know scandal where the United States Public Health Service (PHS) withheld life-saving treatment from 400 poor African Americans with syphilis to study its effect over 40 years.

A gross incidence of ethical misconduct.

Yet what followed was an overcorrection. The National Research Act of 1974 led to federal oversight of IRBs, leading to frivolous lawsuits and a bureaucracy stifled in fear of not doing the wrong thing, even at the cost of doing the right thing.

The incentives are again stacked against progress.

The anatomy of the IRB system going awry is instructive.

It teaches us again the need for regulatory innovation and for bold action to correct the excesses of bureaucratic overreach - ideas for inside reform seem feasible, and external inspiration by special jurisdictions can help accelerate this movement.

Malcolm Collins is a parent, polymath serial entrepreneur, education nerd, pronatalist and a 5x bestselling author, including the Pragmatists’ Guide series.

He has a podcast and YouTube channel called Based Camp.

In this episode, we talk about a wide range of topics including:

Demographic Collapse: At current fertility rates in developed countries, there will be 5 grandchildren per 100 people. This demographic trend is not economically sustainable and will lead to fundamental transformations of society.

Pronatalism: Pronatalism is a movement that Malcolm and his wife Susan are well, known for as the founders of Pronatalists.org.

The analogy is with climate change: it's not about freezing the planet, it's about countering an unsustainable trend - population decline - by having more children.

Charter Cities: Malcolm views charter cities as key for the pronatalist movements as incubators for a different culture that is not influenced by "urban monoculture".

Some of Malcolm's surprising theses are:

• The collapse is coming when markets price in lack of population growth and divest from assets that losing money to places that grow. These shifts in market sentiments typically happen gradually, and then suddenly.

• The winning cultures need more than high birth rates. The Amish people have high birth rates, but little clout. The winning cultures need to have high birth rates and be technophilic and be at the forefront of technology

• The key for charter cities or special jurisdictions to attract Malcolm are: a) a guaranteed right to use reproductive technologies, and b) a harsh environment, like a space colony, that nurture a culture of hard work to survive

This is a kaleidoscopic episode with insights into the frontiers of humanity.

Primavera De Filippi is a researcher at several institutes, including the Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University.

Her research focuses on the legal challenges and opportunities of blockchain technology and artificial intelligence, with a specific focus on governance and trust.

Primavera is the author of the book “Blockchain and the Law,” published in 2018 by Harvard University Press (co-authored with Aaron Wright).

Primavera led a collective effort during Zuzalu (Vitalik Buterin's pop-up village in Montenegro) to offer an alternative to Balaji Srinivasan's "The Network State".

Her main critiques are its overreliance on market- and exit-based approaches.

This conversation highlights the differences, but Primavera cautions that there are more commonalities between these different approaches than differences. Most importantly, they share the goal to experiment with governance and approaches to sovereignty to improve on failures of the private and public sectors.

We start by defining the problem of the tragedy of the commons: individually rational behavior can lead to collectively worse outcomes.

There are three approaches to overcome the problem:

a) the Leviathan approach where a public authority manages the commons

b) the market-based approach with defined property rights and trade

c) the polycentric governance approach

The last one was developed by Vincent and Elinor Ostrom (the latter receiving a Nobel Price for her work) and is the starting point of Primavera's approach.

Niklas has more confidence in market-based solutions than Primavera, so a fruitful discussion ensues discussion the potential pros and cons of these approaches.

Both discussants agree that pluralism is the right way forward, trying out different approaches to solve issues such as climate change, immigration, or poverty.

The Coordi-Nations approach is encapsulated in a recent blog article, but it's just at the beginning of being formulated and will be discussed in future iterations of Zuzalu and within Ethereum/web3 and governance innovation circles.