Susan Solomon, internationally recognized atmospheric chemist, and Stephen Andersen, leader of the Montreal Protocol, join us to tell the story of the ozone hole and their roles in helping to bring us back from the brink of disaster.

 Topics discussed in this episode include:

-The industrial and commercial uses of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

-How we discovered the atmospheric effects of CFCs

-The Montreal Protocol and its significance

-Dr. Solomon's, Dr. Farman's, and Dr. Andersen's crucial roles in helping to solve the ozone hole crisis

-Lessons we can take away for climate change and other global catastrophic risks

You can find the page for this podcast here: https://futureoflife.org/2021/09/16/susan-solomon-and-stephen-andersen-on-saving-the-ozone-layer/

Check out the video version of the episode here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7hwh-uDo-6A&ab_channel=FutureofLifeInstitute

Check out the story of the ozone hole crisis here: https://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/0_0_0/ozone_depletion_01

Have any feedback about the podcast? You can share your thoughts here: www.surveymonkey.com/r/DRBFZCT

Timestamps: 

0:00 Intro

3:13 What are CFCs and what was their role in society?

7:09 James Lovelock discovering an abundance of CFCs in the lower atmosphere

12:43 F. Sherwood Rowland's and Mario Molina's research on the atmospheric science of CFCs

19:52 How a single chlorine atom from a CFC molecule can destroy a large amount of ozone

23:12 Moving from models of ozone depletion to empirical evidence of the ozone depleting mechanism

24:41 Joseph Farman and discovering the ozone hole

30:36 Susan Solomon's discovery of the surfaces of high altitude Arctic clouds being crucial for ozone depletion

47:22 The Montreal Protocol

1:00:00 Who were the key stake holders in the Montreal Protocol?

1:03:46 Stephen Andersen's efforts to phase out CFCs as the co-chair of the Montreal Protocol Technology and Economic Assessment Panel

1:13:28 The Montreal Protocol helping to prevent 11 billion metric tons of CO2 emissions per year

1:18:30 Susan and Stephen's key takeaways from their experience with the ozone hole crisis

1:24:24 What world did we avoid through our efforts to save the ozone layer?

1:28:37 The lessons Stephen and Susan take away from their experience working to phase out CFCs from industry

1:34:30 Is action on climate change practical?

1:40:34 Does the Paris Agreement have something like the Montreal Protocol Technology and Economic Assessment Panel?

1:43:23 Final words from Susan and Stephen

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