Nels and Vincent explain the ancient evolutionary origin of sex in cephalopods.

Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello

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• Evolution of sex in cephalopods (Current Biol)
• Timestamps by Jolene

Nels – Speaking into a microphone? Your audio quality can impact the way people view you Vincent – Remedy Supported by Kennedy Leaves Some Measles Patients More Ill

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Nels and Vincent explain how template switching during DNA replication is a widespread source of adaptive gene amplification.

Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello

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• Template switching and gene amplification (eLife)
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Nels – Jeremy Berg on Bluesky – jeremymberg.bsky.social Vincent – Dickson Despommier, 84

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Nels and Vincent reveal that worker ants amputate their colleagues injured leg to prevent infections.

Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello

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• Wound-dependent leg amputation in ants (Curr Biol)
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Nels – The Science Bridge Vincent – US withdraws from WHO

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Nels and Vincent discuss the molecular and genetic origins of sex-linked orange coat color in cats.

Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello

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• Orange coat color in cats (bioRxiv)
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Nels – AI takes up science podcasting Vincent – Humans evolved for distance running – but ancestor 'Lucy' didn't go far or fast

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Nels and Vincent review the identification of a novel virus associated with the pathogen Plasmodium knowlsei and which is part part of a diverse and unclassified viral taxon.

Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello

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• Virus associated with P. knowlsei (bioRxiv)
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Nels – The peace of wild things, poem by Wendell Berry Vincent – All Life on Earth Today Descended From a Single Cell. Meet LUCA

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Nels and Vincent discuss the origins of eukaryotes, with contributions from at least 3 bacteria (alphaproteobacteria) and a large contribution from DNA viruses with large genomes.

Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello

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• Complex symbiotic interactions during eukaryogenesis (bioRxiv)
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Nels – Pathoplexus.org Vincent – Can science cure its addiction to plastic?

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Nels and Vincent explain how homology searches of anti-phage systems in eukaryotic genomes can be used to discover proteins of the human immune system.

Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello

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• Human antiviral effectors from antiphage systems (Cell Host Micro)
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Nels – Pathoplexus.org Vincent – Can science cure its addiction to plastic?

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Nels and Vincent look at how plant prickles, sharp epidermal projections that provide defense from predators and other advantages, arose by convergent evolution, the emergence of analogous traits in distantly related species.

Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello

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• Convergent evolution of plant prickles (Science)
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Nels – Trees as a metaphor to understand relationships in biology Vincent – Project 2025 vs. The Public's Health

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Nels and Vincent discuss the genome sequence of an ancient wooly mammoth, which shows that the three-dimensional architecture of the DNA can persist after 50,000 years.

Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello

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• Three dimensional architecture of 50,000 year old wooly mammoth genome (Cell)
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Nels – Mysterious SARS-CoV-2 variants showing up in sewer samples Vincent – 'Cocaine sharks' found in waters off Brazil

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Nels and Vincent explore a direct experimental test of Ohno's Hypothesis, which states that gene duplication can help genes tolerate new mutations and thus facilitates the evolution of new phenotypes.

Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello

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• Direct test of Ohno's Hypothesis (eLive)
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Nels – Experimental Evolution and the Nature of Biodiversity Vincent – Is science's dominant funding model broken?

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