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This week, Kylee and Zoë take a deep dive into ultra-processed foods: what they are, where they came from, how they’re designed to light up your brain’s reward systems, and what role they play in athletic nutrition. We talk about everything from cereal meant to prevent sinning to the low-fat diet craze, the war-time origins of shelf-stable food, and the engineering behind the foods that are hyper-palatable.

We also get into the landmark NIH study that showed just how much processing—not just calories or macros—can influence how much we eat, how full we feel, and how our bodies respond to food. This episode is about helping you understand the systems at play, so you can make choices that support your health and performance without getting caught in fear or shame about the food you eat. Because when it comes to ultra-processed foods, context matters—especially for athletes.

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SOURCES:

Hall, K. D., Ayuketah, A., Brychta, R., Cai, H., Cassimatis, T., Chen, K. Y., ... & Zhou, M. (2019). Ultra-processed diets cause excess calorie intake and weight gain: An inpatient randomized controlled trial of ad libitum food intake. Cell Metabolism, 30(1), 67–77.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2019.05.008

Monteiro, C. A., Levy, R. B., Claro, R. M., de Castro, I. R. R., & Cannon, G. (2009). A new classification of foods based on the extent and purpose of their processing. Public Health Nutrition, 12(7), 1031–1036. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980008003762

Sinclair, U. (1906). The jungle. New York, NY: Doubleday, Page & Company.

United States Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs. (1977). Dietary goals for the United States (2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Moss, M. (2013). Salt sugar fat: How the food giants hooked us. New York, NY: Random House.

Specter, M. (2025, January 13). Why is the American diet so deadly? The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2025/01/13/why-is-the-american-diet-so-deadly

Snackwell effect. (n.d.). In The Decision Lab. Retrieved March 2025, from https://thedecisionlab.com/biases/snackwell-effect