In 1949, neurologist Egas Moniz reached the pinnacle of his career when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine. He received this honor for what is now known as a lobotomy, though at the time it was referred to as leucotomy, "for its therapeutic value in certain psychoses."

This controversial medical procedure, widely used in the 1940s, was later deemed barbaric and eventually banned in the 1980s. However, the legacy of this Nobel Prize is now under considerable scrutiny, with many critics calling for its revocation. The Nobel Foundation, on the other hand, stands firm, asserting that Egas Moniz's name will remain among the laureates.

But what exactly is a lobotomy? So, in what historical context did this practice emerge? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions!

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