ZOE Science & Nutrition

Emulsifiers are common in our diets, enhancing the texture, appearance and shelf life of many foods. But are they safe?

In today’s episode, Jonathan and Federica uncover the surprising truth about emulsifiers in our food. We learn the science behind emulsifiers, their impact on health, and the rising concerns over there extensive use in ultra-processed foods.

Dr Federica Amati is a King’s College London researcher and a registered nutritionist. She is also a lecturer and Nutrition Topic Lead at Imperial College School of Medicine. Federica empowers people with accessible, practical knowledge to make informed choices on diet and lifestyle and to improve health based on unique needs and preferences, at every stage of life.

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Timecodes

00:00 Introduction

01:10 What are emulsifiers doing in our food?

02:15 How common are emulsifiers in our food?

02:52 What to look out for on packaging

03:55 What are emulsifiers made from?

04:36 How emulsifiers work

09:50 Are emulsifiers bad for us?

10:40 Emulsifiers and our gut health

11:50 New risks emerging from human studies

14:50 How to reduce emulsifiers in your diet

Buy Federica’s book: Every Body Should Know This 

Free resources from ZOE:

Mentioned in today’s episode:

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Episode transcripts are available here.

Today we’re talking about pesticides. More specifically, about the surprising levels of pesticides found in some common foods.

Professor Tim Spector is here to tell us how to avoid giving these to our families.

Learn how your body responds to food with ZOE 👉 start here

📚 Books from our ZOE Scientists:

- Food For Life by Prof. Tim Spector

- Every Body Should Know This by Dr Federica Amati

Mentioned in the episode:

Dirty Dozen and Clean 15

Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here

Listen to the full episode here

What do astronauts and cancer patients have in common? 

Jonathan explores this fascinating connection with Dr. Jessica Scott, learning how six decades of NASA research is being used to help the recovery of cancer survivors. New research challenges the traditional notion that you should rest during cancer treatment. Instead, Jessica’s studies into exercise could hold the key to a long and healthy life post-diagnosis. 

Dr Jessica Scott started her career at NASA where she spent 7 years designing exercise programs for astronauts in outer space. Now, as the principal investigator at the world-leading Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, she is using her unique skillset in the fight against cancer.

​​Learn how your body responds to food 👉 zoe.com/podcast for 10% off 

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Timecodes:

00:00 Introduction

01:32 Quickfire questions

03:10 Health challenges for astronauts

07:19 Impact of exercise on astronauts

10:43 NASA’s exercise program

14:28 Transition to cancer research

15:40 Exercise and cancer treatment

17:10 Side effects of cancer treatments

23:13 Studies on the benefit of exercising alongside cancer treatment

26:27 Tailoring exercise to the individual 

28:10 Global perspectives on exercising alongside cancer treatment

29:47 Understanding different types of exercise

33:26 Implementing NASA's non-linear exercise training techniques

41:04 The next steps for Jessica’s research

42:45 Episode summary

Books by our ZOE Scientists:

Studies related to today’s episode:

Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here. 

Episode transcripts are available here.

Obesity is a physiological condition that can be managed with the right education and treatment.

In today's episode, Dr. Louis J. Aronne, a leading expert in obesity research, sheds light on the science behind weight management and obesity treatment.

Dr. Aronne dives into groundbreaking weight loss medications. He also explores how lifestyle and eating habits affect long-term health and why medications combined with dietary changes can unlock transformative results.

Louis J. Aronne, M.D. is a leading authority on obesity and its treatment. He’s a former president of The Obesity Society, which publishes the peer-reviewed scientific journal Obesity, of which Dr. Aronne is an associate editor. He has also authored more than 60 papers and book chapters on the topic. 

🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30

*Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system

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Timecodes

00:00 Introduction

01:01 Quickfire questions

03:51 What is obesity?

05:06 What’s the difference between overweight and obesity?

07:38 Why has there been such a quick rise in obesity?

10:55 Why it’s not just a lack of willpower

13:50 The complexity of weight regulation

15:54 What is Leptin and why is it so important for weight control?

19:51 The brain’s role in weight regulation

20:36 Curing obesity in animal studies

22:29 Why hunter-gatherers did not gain weight

23:58 Natural experiments in weight gain and loss

26:01 How medications can cause weight gain

28:42 The impact of calorie restriction diets

30:13 Reducing diabetes risk through weight loss

34:10 Research into medications as a tool for weight loss

38:36 How well do weight loss drugs work?

41:38 The future of weight loss drugs

43:51 Will you regain the weight if you stop taking weight loss drugs?

48:08 Can obesity be avoided without the use of drugs?

49:42 Concerns about weight loss drugs

Books by our ZOE Scientists:

Mentioned in today's episode:

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Episode transcripts are available here.

Our modern lifestyles mean that most of us don’t live our lives in sync with our circadian rhythms, which puts our health and well-being at risk. Eating and sleeping at the right time are important tools to help us align our circadian rhythms and reduce our risk of chronic disease. 

In this episode, circadian rhythm expert Prof. Satchin Panda will tell us how light and food act as master regulators of our body clock, how aligning our lifestyles with our body clock can improve our health, mood and energy levels and how to do this in practice. 

Satchin is a world-leading expert in the field of circadian rhythm research. He’s associate professor at the prestigious SALK institute, he’s recipient of the Dana Foundation Award in brain and immune system imaging and he’s also the author of two best-selling books, The Circadian Code and The Circadian Diabetes Code.

Learn how your body responds to food 👉 zoe.com/podcast for 10% off

🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30

*Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system

Timecodes:

00:00 Introduction

01:00 Quickfire questions

03:02 What are circadian rhythms?

03:48 How do we know about circadian rhythms?

04:44 Are all body parts on a 24 hour clock?

06:40 How the body enters sleep mode

09:25 What happens during sleep?

12:08 Why you’re not sleeping enough

13:30 The surprising impact of daylight savings time

17:00 Circadian rhythms aren’t just about light

19:55 The dangers of shift work

21:20 Should you go to bed at sunset?

25:40 Why should stop snacking at night

26:10 Satchin’s famous mice study

33:00 The best eating window for health

37:27 Does intermittent fasting promote better food choices?

40:40 Should you drink black coffee when you wake up?

Satchin’s books:

Books by our ZOE Scientists:

Studies referenced in today’s episode: 

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Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here.

Episode transcripts are available here.

After the tragic news of Michael Mosley's passing, we are re-releasing our episode with him, originally released in March 2023:

If you had to do just one thing to improve your health, what would it be?

Our busy lives mean it can be difficult to keep up healthy habits, and with so much conflicting advice out there it’s tricky to separate fact from fiction. In today’s episode, Jonathan is joined by medical doctor, journalist, and presenter Michael Mosley, who is alongside ZOE regular Tim Spector, to discuss Michael’s four key habits to improve our health. 

Michael’s latest book ‘Just One Thing’ explores these habits and has seen him speak to singing scientists and eccentric iceman to healthy habit experts and evangelists. And of course, being Michael, he tried every habit out himself. We talk about which methods are the most effective, which he has incorporated into his life, and how he makes his new habits stick.

🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30

*Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system

If you want to uncover the right foods for your body, head to zoe.com/podcast and get 10% off your membership.

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Timecodes:

00:00 Tim Spector's tribute to Michael

01:01 Introduction

01:55 Quick Fire Questions

05:15 Are cold showers good for you?

06:48 How long do you need to be immersed in cold water for the benefits to work?

8:20 Can cold showers improve mental wellbeing?

11:30 Potential dangers of cold water swimming

12:45 Do cultural differences present different outcomes across the world?

13:58 Can these small stressors help us?

14:27 What is the theory behind this working?

16:15 Will this work for everyone or is this very personalized?

18:30 What effects does breathing have on your health?

19:55 How breathing exercises affect our brain

22:27 How do you keep up the breathing exercises?

23:27 ZOE app breathing exercise

25:40 Is there a difference between breathing through your nose and your mouth?

27:20 How important are plants and nature for our health?

30:25 Can exposure to nature improve things like mental health and even gut health?

32:00 Can herbs also help improve our health?

32:47 What are the benefits of exercise?

33:30 What are endo-cannibinoids?

34:41 Are preferences for exercise genetic?

36:12 Is it endorphins that make us feel good after / during exercise?

37:31 How exercise affects us is extremely personalized

39:42 How do we encourage people who don't enjoy exercise to do it?

41:13 Tips to improve your exercise routines

44:08 Are there benefits to walking downhill?

46:42 Summary

Michael Mosley’s book 'Just One Thing' is available to buy here

Episode transcripts are available here

Meat consumption continues to be high in both the US and the UK. Yet many governments advise reducing meat consumption, particularly red meat, due to both environmental and health concerns. 

In this episode, we delve into the sizzling world of meat alternatives. They promise sustainability, animal welfare, and better health. Buzzwords like "plant-based" and "meat-free" proudly adorn their packaging. But are they actually healthy? Or should we consider them as ultra-processed foods and avoid them?

Christopher Gardner is a Professor of Medicine at Stanford University and the Director of the Stanford Prevention Research Centre, and a world-leading expert in how the food that we eat impacts our health. 

🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30

*Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system

Learn how your body responds to food 👉 zoe.com/podcast for 10% off

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Timecodes:

00:00 Introduction

01:25 Quickfire questions

03:50 What is a meat alternative?

05:22 What's driving the trend for more alternatives?

07:47 Should you eat less red meat?

08:38 What is in meat alternatives?

10:22 Traditional meats vs meat alternatives

13:41 Are meat alternatives ultra-processed?

14:47 Latest scientific studies

23:56 What were the findings?

29:48 Is the quality of the protein as good as real meat?

34:00 Are meat alternatives healthy?

38:53 Are whole food based meat alternatives healthier?

40:05 What are the practical tips around meat alternatives?

43:21 How do ultra-processed foods come into this?

45:23 What are other ways people can transition away from red meat?

50:33 What are the differences between bad and good quality meat?

📚 Books from our ZOE Scientists:

Studies referenced in today’s episode: 

Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here.

Episode transcripts are available here.

Periods are taboo! Despite the fact that half of the world’s population experience them. This taboo has led to countless myths around the topic. “The internet’s gynecologist” Dr. Jen Gunter is here to usher in a new era where people understand – and can advocate for – what they need as their body changes each cycle.

Jonathan is joined by Dr Sarah Berry and Dr Jen Gunter to get a better understanding of our body's behavior during the menstrual cycle. Jen will provide you with her period toolkit and offer solutions to the most common problems of modern-day period health.

Dr. Jen Gunter is a gynecologist and pain medicine physician at the Permanente Medical Group in northern California. Her books ‘The Vagina Bible’ and ‘The Menopause Manifesto’ were both New York Times bestsellers. Her 2024 book ‘Blood’ tackles the science, medicine and mythology of menstruation.

🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30

*Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system

Learn how your body responds to food 👉 zoe.com/podcast for 10% off

Follow ZOE on Instagram.

Timecodes:

00:00 Introduction

01:26 Quickfire questions

02:31 Shame culture around menstruation

04:20 The evolution and purpose of the menstrual cycle

06:30 Menstrual cycle mechanics

11:08 Understanding heavy periods and iron deficiency

14:01 Addressing period pain and discomfort

21:39 Diet, appetite, and periods: what's the connection?

26:09 Understanding PMS and PMDD

27:55 PMS causes and symptoms

30:52 Treatment options for PMS and PMDD

31:51 Demystifying polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

35:42 The role of diet and obesity in PCOS

37:32 Advice for managing PMS

40:19 Menstrual cramps and pain management

47:08 Iron supplementation strategies

📚 Dr. Jen Gunter’s books:

📚 Books from our ZOE Scientists:

Studies related to today’s episode:

Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here

Episode transcripts are available here.

55 million people suffer dementia worldwide with numbers expected to double every 20 years. Understanding the link between our heart health and brain function is critical, illuminating the profound impact that heart health has on preventing dementia.

Dr. William Li, an expert in cardiovascular and metabolic health. He reveals how caring for our heart is not just about longevity but maintaining sharp, effective brain function as we age. His groundbreaking work has impacted more than seventy diseases including diabetes, heart disease, and obesity. Dr. Li is also a New York Times best-selling author.

In today’s episode, Dr. Li explains how simple lifestyle choices in diet, exercise and sleep can drastically shape our brain's health and stave off dementia.

🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30

*Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system

If you want to uncover the right foods for your body, 👉 zoe.com/podcast, for 10% off your membership.

Follow ZOE on Instagram

Timecodes

00:00 Introduction

01:23 Quickfire questions

03:30 Understanding dementia and Alzheimer's disease

04:50 Dementia versus ageing

06:35 The role of blood vessels in brain health

07:55 How circulation affects brain function

09:23 What causes blood clots and strokes?

11:06 The importance of maintaining healthy blood vessels

12:15 The impact of lifestyle choices on brain health

15:01 What happens in our brains when we sleep?

19:35 What is the glymphatic system?

22:40 Vascular dementia may be the most common form of dementia

24:35 The role of glucose in brain function

27:10 What causes dementia and why does it happen when we get older?

29:00 Preventing dementia with lifestyle changes

31:10 What are healthy blood vessels like?

37:50 The surprising role of EPCs in brain repair

41:30 Can you slow down or reverse dementia?

52:08 The connection between gut health and brain health

51:40 The importance of exercise for brain health

56:30 How to avoid dementia

01:01:16 The link between mental health and cardiovascular disease

📚 Dr. William Li’s books:

📚 Books from our ZOE Scientists:

Relevant studies:

Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here

Episode transcripts are available here.

Inflammation is a complicated topic. Short-term inflammation plays an essential role in fighting infections and healing injuries. But too much inflammation can be a catalyst for chronic ailments, like heart disease, type 2 diabetes, autoimmune disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, and obesity.

What we eat can influence our inflammatory responses and contribute to chronic, low-grade inflammation.

In today’s episode, Prof. Philip Calder helps us understand the science behind inflammation, how it impacts our health and what food has to do with it.

Philip is head of the School of Human Development and Health, as well as a Professor of Nutritional Immunology, in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Southampton. He’s also an internationally recognised researcher on the metabolism and functionality of fatty acids. His work focuses on the roles of omega-3 fatty acids and the influence of diet and nutrients on immune and inflammatory responses. 

🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30

*Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system

Learn how your body responds to food 👉 zoe.com/podcast for 10% off

Follow ZOE on Instagram.

Timecodes

00:00 Introduction

01:20 Quickfire questions

02:55 The role of inflammation in immunity

05:30 Chronic inflammation and disease

08:30 How to measure inflammation

09:53 Low-grade inflammation and disease risk

12:30 What causes blood vessel inflammation?

15:23 What creates the narrowing of blood vessels?

17:20 How inflammation can cause blood clots, heart attacks and strokes

19:15 Inflammation and aging

21:40 Inflammation and lifestyle factors

25:07 Obesity and inflammation

28:45 Muscle loss and inflammation (sarcopenia)

30:52 The impact of meals, sugar and fats on inflammation

33:35 How diet could reduce inflammation

34:42 Why we all respond to food differently

38:42 Dietary choices to manage inflammation

40:00 What are omega-3s?

41:17 Anti-inflammatory foods

43:40 Health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids

45:55 Challenges with farmed salmon

📚 Books from our ZOE Scientists:

Mentioned in today's episode:

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory processes: Nutrition or pharmacology? in the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology

Omega-6 fatty acids and inflammation in PLEFA

Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes in Nutrients 

Another relevant study:

Health relevance of the modification of low-grade inflammation in ageing and the role of nutrition in Ageing Research Reviews

Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here

Episode transcripts are available here.