Sometime in the 18th century, the world began to grow at much faster rate. Economic Historians have debated the reasons for this Industrial Revolution, but it almost certainly has to do with the growth of technology and a culture of scientific inquiry. 

Joel Mokyr is both an economist and a historian. He is also a professor of both Economic and History at Northwestern University. In addition, Joel has authored several books on history and the economy over the years. His latest book, A Culture of Growth: The Origins of the Modern Economy, is about how science and technology evolved in ways that reinforced each other.

Joel and Greg discuss the connections between the industrial and scientific revolutions and between scientific discovery and technological adaptation. They discuss the decline of the guilds in England and the subsequent diffusion of English artisans and mechanics accross Europe They also discuss Darwin not being a darwinian, and how Caldwell’ss law leads to the decline in growth.

Apprenticeship in Britain

42:07: Engineers, mechanics, chemists, and technicians of any kind, whether they're carpenters, blacksmiths, or millwrights, are not produced in schools. They are not produced in universities. They're produced by other artisans through personal contact, which is called apprenticeship, and apprenticeship is all over the world. This is how people were trained, and what happens in Britain is, for historical reasons, apprenticeship worked much better than anywhere else.

What makes the study of society complicated?

28:15: The study of society is infinitely more complex and difficult because we humans are damn complicated creatures, and our minds have some level of complexity that defies anything that the quantum theorist can think about. So, in principle, we can, and we've made some progress in understanding certain things about society. Where it gets difficult is utilizing that kind of knowledge. 

Our power over natures keeps on increasing but our wisdom in handling that power is not

26:30: There's something we can learn from the evolutionary people, which is yes, there is progress in certain dimensions and not others. And part of the problem is that these dynamics are not in sync with one another. And that creates these equilibria. It creates all kinds of trouble. And that is, to some extent, the great dilemma of the modern age: power over nature keeps increasing, but our wisdom and benevolence in handling that power is not.

• Francis Bacon
• Robert Gordon
• Stephen Jay Gould
• Steven Pinker
• Douglass North
• Barry R. Weingast
• Friedrich Hayek
• Milton Friedman
• James Watson
• Cardwell's Law
• The Narrow Corridor

• Faculty Profile at Northwestern University (Department of Economics)
• Faculty Profile at Northwestern University (Department of History)
• Profession Profile at The British Academy
• Professional Profile on NobelPrize.org
• Professional Profile on CIFAR

• Articles on Aeon
• The Lever of Riches: Technological Creativity and Economic Progress
• The British Industrial Revolution: An Economic Perspective (American & European Economic History) 2nd Edition
• A Culture of Growth: The Origins of the Modern Economy (Graz Schumpeter Lectures)
• The Gifts of Athena: Historical Origins of the Knowledge Economy
• The Economics of the Industrial Revolution (Routledge Revivals) 
• The Enlightened Economy: An Economic History of Britain 1700-1850 (The New Economic History of Britain seri) 
• Why Ireland Starved: A Quantitative and Analytical History of the Irish Economy, 1800-1850 (Economic History)