When did humans learn to communicate through language? Did it coincide with the invention of fire? Or was it more a gradual process that involved much more than just making sounds with our mouths? 

Steven Mithen is a professor of prehistory at the University of Reading and the author of numerous books on human evolution including, The Singing Neanderthals: The Origins of Music, Language, Mind, and Body, Thirst: Water and Power in the Ancient World, and most recently, The Language Puzzle: Piecing Together the Six-Million-Year Story of How Words Evolved. His work weaves together disciplines like psychology, linguistics, and genetics to chart the history and evolution of the ways our minds make sense of the world.

Greg and Steven discuss the integrative nature of language evolution, the role of social and physical environments in shaping language, and the interconnectedness of music and language in bonding and communication. Steven also shares how studying ancient civilizations’ water management strategies unveils lessons for today’s global water crisis. 

*unSILOed Podcast is produced by University FM.*

Show Links:

Recommended Resources:

• Jerry Fodor 
• Howard Gardner 
• Charles Darwin 
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau
• Johann Gottfried Herder
• Richard Wrangham
• Noam Chomsky
• Ferdinand de Saussure
• Linguistic relativity - Sapir-Whorf

Guest Profile:

• Faculty Profile at University of Reading

His Work:

• The Language Puzzle: Piecing Together the Six-Million-Year Story of How Words Evolved 
• The Prehistory of the Mind: The Cognitive Origins of Art, Religion and Science
• After the Ice: A Global Human History, 20,000–5000 BC 
• The Singing Neanderthals: The Origins of Music, Language, Mind, and Body
• Thirst: Water and Power in the Ancient World

Episode Quotes:

Gesture evolved with language but never drove it forward

17:43: Gesture has always accompanied language but never driven it forward. Music's maybe a little bit different, really. It seems to me musical sounds we make are almost more like gestures. And I think that time of moving to full bipedalism at about two million years ago, did really make bodies hugely more expressive. And it was a time when not only body language became important, but I think dance and singing, stamping feet, slapping thighs—all of that acting  as a really important way of building social bonds, of doing some sort of communication, pushed forward that social interaction communication.

Language shapes perception

51:14:  Different languages have different concepts of how the world is and should be seen, and that does influence how you perceive and think about it.

Language shapes culture and complex thought

25:01: I think we're mistaken if we think social bonding is the only role of language or necessarily the most important. There are at least two other things that it really does. Just a transmission of information from generation to generation. What we don't see in our human ancestors, like Homo erectus, and then our relatives like the Neanderthals, is only accumulation of culture; it doesn't seem to build from one generation to the next. And I suspect that's because there is a limitation on the way they're using language and the ability to gradually construct more complex ideas. But the other way we use language, and the other important one, is for thinking about complex ideas that I think we just can't do without it. And that's where a metaphor comes in—I think it's hugely important.