ABA on Call

The podcast features two professors from the University of Pittsburgh who are using their unique experiences to help people who are blind and have visual impairments. The guests share stories about their journey with disability and discuss how they use their skills and knowledge to assist those with visual impairments of blindness achieve independence. We discuss challenges faced by those living with blindness and low vision and how ABA can help (and how those with an ABA background can contribute to programming).

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Show Notes

References

Lord, C., Charman, T., Havdahl, A., Carbone, P., Anagnostou, E., Boyd, B., Carr, T., de Vries, P. J., Dissanayake, C., Divan, G., Freitag, C. M., Gotelli, M. M., Kasari, C., Knapp, M., Mundy, P., Plank, A., Scahill, L., Servili, C., Shattuck, P., … McCauley, J. B. (2022). The Lancet Commission on the future of care and clinical research in autism. The Lancet, 399(10321), 271–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01541-5

Resources

Results of a collaborative professional development for school staff working with students with visual impairments and challenging behavior

The effects of instructional interventions related to street crossing and individuals with disabilities

Respondent conditioning, also known as classical conditioning, is a type of learning where an unconditioned response becomes associated with a neutral stimulus and acquires the ability to elicit a response like that of the unconditioned response. Today, respondent conditioning is used in various fields, including psychology, education, and marketing. In psychology, it is used to treat anxiety disorders, phobias, and other emotional disturbances. In education, respondent conditioning is used to help students learn new behaviors or habits. Overall, respondent conditioning is a powerful tool for understanding and modifying behavior, and its applications are vast and diverse.

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Related Slides

Science could be described as the search to understanding variability. Variability shows up in graphs and charts shows the analyst different features of the behavior. From stability to variability, understanding the sources of control and the degree to which a behavior varies is a key to understanding environment-behavior relations. The standard celeration chart permits an analyst to quantify variability as well as see it in a different light when compared to a visual display on a linear graph. 10x-ing outcomes involves examining variability on a standard ratio graph.

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Related Slides

The Precision Teaching Implementation Manual

One of the hallmarks of visual analysis is trend. Trend refers to the direction of data as it changes across time. A trend line is often superimposed on a data set which behavior analysts then interpret. However, if the data are placed on a standard celeration chart a trend line is transformed to a celebration line. The celeration line quantified how fast a behavior is changing. The quantified line allows an objective evaluation of not only the direction but the precise numeric growth or decay rate of a behavior. Discussion surrounding the benefits to clinical work and research with a quantified trend line is discussed.

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Related Slides

Most behavior analysts use a linear graph, meaning it has equal intervals on the horizontal and vertical axis. Ratio graphs have equal intervals on the horizontal axis but a multiple/divide axis on the vertical axis. The ratio graph permits the quantification of all behavior change features. For example, level can be quantified with different means (e.g., arithmetic, geometric) or medians. When placed on a ratio graph the metrics then can be examined with a view to ratios and multiple/divide changes as contrasted with add/subtract absolute changes. The podcast discusses the technical features of different graphs and the clinical and research functions level can have.

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Show Notes

References

Kubina, R. M., Ruiz, S., & Kostewicz, D. E. (2021). Quantifying function with the functional analysis celeration chart. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 14(3), 728-733. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-020-00426-x

Related Slides

Sports refers to activities involving exerting oneself physically in a an individual or team format to compete against oneself or others. As such sports covers many activities found in all cultures. The science of behavior has much to offer sports. ABA can enhance individual or team performance, teach game rules, open access to entry level layers, and enhance the overall enjoyment of sports. The following podcast discusses sports and interviews Kirk Kirby of TeamABA - the largest company using ABA to improve sports behaviors.

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The job market for behavior analysts in special and general education has increased greatly in the past 20 years. Behavior analysts can have a caseload, they can consult in general and special education classrooms, and can even work in administration. Behavior analysts can contribute to the IEP process in several constructive ways. Additionally, contributing to or creating a schoolwide discipline program falls in the domain of the application of a science of behavior. In this episode, we also discuss do's and don'ts of interacting with colleagues, working with a consultative model, and providing resources.

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Show Notes

References

Six Tips for Successful IEP Meetings – A great resource for running a productive IEP meeting. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285415291_Six_Tips_for_Successful_IEP_Meetings

In 1993 Alfie's Kohn's Punished by Rewards (PBR) was published. The book claimed that behavioral principles and procedures manipulated people and destroyed the potential for authentic learning. The publication of PBR was met with enthusiasm by many in the educational and psychological fields. However, PBR contains many misrepresentations of positive reinforcement and punishment. Furthermore, the solutions offered in PBR are poorly aligned with robust procedures designed to change behavior proactively and reactively. The present episode discusses Kohn's treatise, highlights several claims made in the book, the impact it has had on teachers, clinicians, and businesses, as well as practical solutions for interacting with people who may be PBR adherents.

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Show Notes

Resources

Table of contents and description of Punished by Rewards

https://www.amazon.com/Punished-Rewards-Trouble-Incentive-Praise/dp/0618001816/ref=sr_1_1?gclid=CjwKCAjw3qGYBhBSEiwAcnTRLhfer5t9l7Nq2IG9SJhRxbML4x_5nescHo_OBD0wkJ5lat8LYZNImxoCw1QQAvD_BwE&hvadid=241890494106&hvdev=c&hvlocphy=1023946&hvnetw=g&hvqmt=e&hvrand=8279962347142375846&hvtargid=kwd-96092200&hydadcr=22538_10344877&keywords=punished+by+rewards&qid=1661536611&s=books&sr=1-1

Behavior analytic review of Published by Rewards

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/47177268_Punished_by_Misunderstanding_A_Critical_Evaluation_of_Kohn's_Punished_by_Rewards_and_Its_Implications_for_Behavioral_Interventions_with_Children#:~:text=Alfie%20Kohn's%20Punished%20by%20Rewards,interventions%2C%20particularly%20those%20involving%20children.

Conspiracy theories are verbal behavior that states some covert yet influential organization holds responsibility for a specific circumstance or event (e.g., the government collapsed the Twin Towers in the 9/11 attacks). Conspiracy theories have become mainstream, finding prominent adherents from politicians and news pundits to celebrities and bloggers. The conspiracy theory itself is not directly dangerous, but the advice or rule-governed behavior that proceeds can have pernicious effects. In autism treatment, the conspiracy theory that vaccines cause autism has penetrated parents and even some behavior analysts. In the following episode, we discuss the definition of conspiracy theories, provide examples in ABA, and how we can guard against them in our lives and deal with others who have them.

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Show Notes

Resources

Carl Sagan's Baloney detection kit

https://www.skeptic.com/skepticism-101/baloney-detection-kit-sandwich-infographic/

https://www.openculture.com/2016/04/carl-sagan-presents-his-baloney-detection-kit-8-tools-for-skeptical-thinking.html

Nonsense on Stilts Book

https://www.amazon.com/s?k=nonsense+on+stilts&gclid=Cj0KCQjwof6WBhD4ARIsAOi65aiDrkQY1Y3oCVwBCcC-B8ieBdbCJKsEZa4An0W3URwQ-XNwCWpDHbAaAoZjEALw_wcB&hvadid=241610844859&hvdev=c&hvlocphy=9014901&hvnetw=g&hvqmt=b&hvrand=11293396151803299053&hvtargid=kwd-329572054&hydadcr=22537_10354004&tag=googhydr-20&ref=pd_sl_76g4xeqq7j_b

Clay Starlin has been a champion of effective measurement and instructional technologies. He did pioneering work in the 70s and 80s bringing precision teaching to the forefront of education. He has spent his career contributing and refining concepts and methods involved with the science of learning. Clay has recently published a book called "weaving love and science in education" that captures blending of two important comments of human society: love and science. While the two might seem disconnected, when applied to education and people they both help form the basis for a compassionate, highly effective method for teaching students and fostering incredible learning environments.

NOTE -This episode will not be eligible for CEUs.

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Show Notes -

Link to Clay's book: https://greatnessachieved.com/collections/frontpage/products/weaving-love-and-science-into-educational-practice

Greatness Achieved Publishing Company

Weaving Love and Science into Educational Practice

Author: Clay Starlin, Ed.D. Description: For teachers, parents, or any other professional looking for the science of behavior change and learning, look no further! Weaving Love and Science into Educational Practice offers a practical, proven method for measuring behavior, understanding what the data means at a high level of precision, and suggesting ways to improve outcomes. But beyond the science involved in learning, there is love. Love may seem like a bold word to juxtapose with science but as compassionate humans dedicated to helping students of all stripes, caring, and a passion for exercising humanity is integral for meaningful change. And sandwiched in-between science and love, readers will encounter a plethora of sound interventions to support learning. This book will delight all readers who wish to use science for the betterment of their fellow humans.