Alison and I discuss her work to accelerate learning and thus improve AI by studying how children learn, as Alan Turing suggested in his famous 1950 paper. The ways children learn are via imitation, by learning abstract causal models, and active learning by implementing a high exploration/exploitation ratio. We also discuss child consciousness, psychedelics, the concept of life history, the role of grandparents and elders, and lots more.

• Alison's Website.
• Cognitive Development and Learning Lab.
• Twitter: @AlisonGopnik.
• Related papers:
  • Childhood as a solution to explore-exploit tensions.
  • The Aeon article about grandparents, children, and evolution: Vulnerable Yet Vital.
• Books:
  • The Gardener and the Carpenter: What the New Science of Child Development Tells Us About the Relationship Between Parents and Children.
  • The Scientist in the Crib: What Early Learning Tells Us About the Mind.
  • The Philosophical Baby: What Children's Minds Tell Us About Truth, Love, and the Meaning of Life.

Take-home points:

• Children learn by imitation, and not just unthinking imitation. They pay attention to and evaluate the intentions of others and judge whether a person seems to be a reliable source of information. That is, they learn by sophisticated socially-constrained imitation.
• Children build abstract causal models of the world. This allows them to simulate potential outcomes and test their actions against those simulations, accelerating learning.
• Children keep their foot on the exploration pedal, actively learning by exploring a wide spectrum of actions to determine what works. As we age, our exploratory cognition decreases, and we begin to exploit more what we've learned.

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