英语每日一听 | 每天少于5分钟

第1891期:Brazilian Cave Objects Suggest Earlier Arrival of Humans in Americas


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New research suggests humans lived in South America at the same time as giant sloths, big animals that disappeared thousands of years ago. The findings support evidence that people arrived in the Americas thousands of years earlier than once thought. Scientists looked at small pendants made of bony material from the sloths. The pendants have round holes in them and look polished. The team of researchers said the pendants show signs that humans made them. The scientists published their findings in Proceedings of the Royal Society B. They reported that the material in which the pendants were found dates from 25,000 to 27,000 years ago.

新的研究表明,人类与巨型树懒同时生活在南美洲,巨型树懒是数千年前消失的大型动物。 这些发现支持了人们到达美洲的时间比以前想象的要早数千年的证据。科学家们观察了由树懒骨骼材料制成的小吊坠。 吊坠上有圆孔,看起来很抛光。 研究小组表示,这些吊坠显示出人类制造它们的迹象。科学家们在《英国皇家学会学报 B》上发表了他们的发现。他们报告说,发现吊坠的材料可以追溯到 25,000 至 27,000 年前。


“We now have good evidence — together with other sites from South and North America — that we have to rethink our ideas about the migration of humans to the Americas,” said Mirian Pacheco. She is a co-writer of the study and an archaeologist at the Federal University of Sao Carlos in Brazil. Some earlier theories had suggested the first people arrived in the Americas around 15,000 years ago. The pendants were found 30 years ago in the Santa Elina rock shelter in central Brazil. The new study is the first to carefully study them. The scientists ruled out the possibility that humans had found and made them thousands of years after the animals died. Instead, they say the pendants were made within days or a few years after the animal died.

米里安·帕切科说:“我们现在有充分的证据——以及来自南美洲和北美的其他地点——表明我们必须重新思考我们关于人类向美洲移民的想法。” 她是该研究的合著者,也是巴西圣卡洛斯联邦大学的考古学家。一些早期的理论认为,第一批人类大约在 15,000 年前抵达美洲。这些吊坠是 30 年前在巴西中部圣埃琳娜岩石避难所发现的。 这项新研究首次对它们进行了仔细研究。 科学家们排除了人类在动物死亡数千年后发现并制造它们的可能性。 相反,他们说这些吊坠是在动物死后几天或几年内制作的。


“We think they were personal objects, possibly for personal adornment,” said Thais Rabito Pansani, a co-writer and paleontologist at the Federal University of Sao Carlos in Brazil. Once among the largest animals in South America, giant ground sloths were three to four meters long and usually walked on all four legs. They weighed more than 450 kilograms. Other evidence from Mexico suggests humans may have been present in the Americas around 26,000 years ago. Discoveries from Uruguay suggest humans were living there 30,000 years ago.

“我们认为它们是个人物品,可能是为了个人装饰,”巴西圣卡洛斯联邦大学的合著者兼古生物学家泰斯·拉比托·潘萨尼 (Thais Rabito Pansani) 说。巨型地懒曾经是南美洲最大的动物之一,身长三到四米,通常用四足行走。 他们的体重超过450公斤。来自墨西哥的其他证据表明,人类可能在大约 26,000 年前就已经出现在美洲。 乌拉圭的发现表明三万年前就有人类生活在那里。


The evidence from more than one place means scientists have begun to rethink their ideas about human migration. This includes the idea that the first people in the Americas came over what is known as the Bering Land Bridge around 15,000 years ago. Briana Pobiner is another co-writer of the study. She is a paleoanthropologist at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History in Washington. While some early populations may have died out in the Americas, “it’s very likely that multiple waves of people came to [the] Americas,” she said.

来自多个地方的证据意味着科学家们已经开始重新思考他们关于人类迁徙的想法。 其中包括这样的观点:大约 15,000 年前,第一批美洲人通过白令陆桥来到这里。Briana Pobiner 是该研究的另一位合著者。 她是华盛顿史密森学会国家自然历史博物馆的古人类学家。虽然美洲的一些早期种群可能已经灭绝,但“很可能会有多波人来到美洲,”她说。

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