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Hi, everyone. And welcome back to《词源考古研究所》 It Means What?

So 安澜 with the silly voice again. 

Yes. Hi, everyone.

Hi. What are we going to talk about today? Which word or which phrase are we going to focus on to explore its origin?

Today, I thought we could focus on “steal someone's thunder”.

Thunder. You mean like thunder lightning?

That's it.

就是打雷吗? “偷走某人的雷”。 Sounds a bit weird. It's not mythological, is it?

No. It's sounds a bit of a weird phrase. But that's what we're gonna talk about today. We can talk about its story. But first of all, what does it actually mean? So to steal someone's thunder means to take credit for someone else's idea or to undermine their success.

No, hang on a minute. So these two are two slightly different meaning. So the first one ‘to take credit for someone's idea’, for example, if I say my boss takes credit for my idea, this means it's my thoughts, but he or she claims it to be their own. That is take credit就抢别人的功劳. Or did you say undermine?

Yeah. So undermine someone's success or someone's achievement.

To undermine means to make whatever they have achieved seems smaller or insignificant.

Exactly. So a good example is in the UK, during a wedding, people have to be very careful when they go to a wedding because they don't want to steal the bride's thunder. So they don't want to dress in something that is even more attractive or even more expensive than the bride.

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Welcome back to Geek Time advanced. How are you doing, Lulu?

Hi, Brad. I'm doing fine.

So we were talking about EV and gas powered cars. Do you have any interesting questions?

Actually, last time you mentioned, apart from gas powered cars, EV, there's a new thing on the horizon which is hydrogen cars就是氢能源车. I was wondering if we can start the conversation by perhaps going a little bit into that?

Okay, yeah. Hydrogen powered cars are something that several car manufacturers such as Toyota are developing, and BMW I think is going into a partnership with Toyota and going to develop even more in the future. But the interesting thing is you can create newer hydrogen powered vehicles, but you can also take older gas and diesel engines and convert them with a few different parts to make them into a car that will run on hydrogen power. You have to change like the gas tank, but the engine itself you just add in a new fuel injector, and basically you can have a hydrogen powered car.

That would make things a lot handier. Isn't it? People don't necessarily have to buy new cars in the future. They just convert their car or modify their car.

Mhm. Yes, especially for people who are really attached to like a classic car or something like that. They don't have to give up that car, they can keep it, they just have to convert it.

I see. So hydrogen, I'm assuming when hydrogen is used to power cars, it also doesn't cost or create pollution. That's the whole point, isn't it?

There's no carbon dioxide or methane that gas that comes out of the engine. Basically, what happens is now you have the hydrogen and it gets split. It goes into the atmosphere and combines with oxygen and basically just creates water vapors or combined with that. And so it doesn't really have any noxious gases that a gas car would. And the best thing is...

How do we refuel it?

Basically you just go to a hydrogen station. There's actually a few hydrogen stations in Japan that I've seen. It's not much different from your typical gas station, the way they store it's a little bit different. They don't have like a tank in the ground like they do with the gas, but essentially the same idea, you hook up your car, you just basically put the fuel into the car like you would a gas car. The major difference is it does require high pressures or low temperatures restoring the hydrogen. So it's not as easily usable as gas as we have it today.

I see. I because I was gonna ask if everything looks so perfect, then why not hydrogen instead of EV right?

But obviously there are certain limitations now. So that cannot be the only reason why we are pushing for electric vehicles. I pretty much I don't know if it's to the same extent, but most of the countries are trying to push EV, right?

Yeah, like when you look at EV, most EVs can go several 100 kilometers. There, I think a few of them are getting closer to like 1,000 kilometers on a charge, but the majority of people don't really do more than like a daily 30 kilometer round trip. Right? Yeah, people aren't going that far in their daily work, right? So they don't really need to have a car that can go hundreds of miles.

For daily commute, EV is more than enough within cities, but it's just like when you have to drive long distance, EV can be a little bit more difficult. 

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Hi, everyone and welcome back to Geek Time, 欢迎回来【极客时间】. Hi, Brad.

Hi, Lulu, hello, everyone.

Long time no speaky. How's life treating you in Japan?

Pretty good. Can't complain about anything.

I heard last time we were talking you really got into car racing.

I've been into car racing for a while, but I actually entered my first race last month.

Wow, how did you do?

Did fairly good. I wasn't the fastest on there, but my car is pretty much stock except for I got a little bit better tires.

在赛车的语境中，"stock" 指的是车辆几乎保持原厂状态，没有经过大量的改装或升级。

Okay. How many cars do you have right now?

Currently I have five cars, one in the States and four in Japan.

You have four cars in Japan. Wow. It sounds like you're pretty serious about it. I mean, I assume they're all gas cars.

They are indeed, they are all gas cars.

So I thought today let's talk about EV. LOL.

Okay.

我们今天来聊一下电动车 EV, short for electric vehicle, right?

Right.

So to talk about EV,  Brad, you obviously know cars a lot more than I do. So let's talk about the different engines. So you have gas or, you say gas, British people say petrol. That's the same thing, gas, gas station, petrol station same thing.

Same thing, yeah. Gas or petrol is pretty much the way most cars are. In some places hybrids or electric vehicles are becoming more popular. Hybrid is kind of like in between where you don't have to charge the car, you use gas sometimes. And when you're going so fast, you use the electric power to drive the car. And so it's kind of an in between.

Okay. Can you give us... I know, I mean, you're basically from an engineering background, can you give us a little bit of a very, very like a for dummy version of how does it work with gas powered or petrol powered cars.  How does the engine work?

Basically, you have a cylinder and within that cylinder, you have a little bit of gas and air, and then you ignite it, which causes an explosion, which causes a piston to move downwards. And that creates a rotational movement,  basically kind of...

Drives the cars forward.

this rotational movement which causes the car to move.

I see. And just now you also mentioned hybrid,  we said gas on the side and EV electric on the other side.  In between there's a hybrid, 就是混合动力车. Right? Have you ever driven a hybrid car before?

I've never driven one, but I have been in them before. I have seen them working,  but I've never driven one myself.

I've never driven them. I've seen them on the road. Does that mean that there is like a switch thing that you can just switch between gas and electricity?

It basically does it all automatically. When you're at a like a low speed, you automatically just use the electric power as long as there is some stored within the battery.  Once the battery is depleted, then it goes back to the gas engine. The gas engine moves the car and while the car is moving, it's charging the battery.

I see, so this is very different from what I would imagine. I thought it was like a button or something.

Yeah, no, it's but I think some of them do have a button that you can push to just stay on electric power or just stay on gas power, but I've never driven one, so I've never really looked at the panels there.

I see. Now apart from gas hybrid EV,  I've also heard something called hydrogen就是氢动力车. What is that? Is that what car makers are working on right now?

So hydrogen power is another way to power cars. So there's actually two ways you can do this. You can use hydrogen power to charge a battery which causes an electric motor to move. But you can also use hydrogen to just like a gas or petrol power. And so you can use an old engine and basically just power the car the same way. So it

欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！

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The other thing I often hear, in some of the old war movies, you hear some soldiers say "Blighty".

Yes, that's a really old historic slang. And it's always used by soldiers in the First and Second World Wars, and it just means Britain. So they would say "go home to Blighty".

So it means the country.

It means the country.

Go home to Blighty.

Yeah. And that actually comes from Urdu.

乌尔都语？

Yeah.

Okay.

It's the Urdu word for foreign land, "Vilayati" .

For foreign land. That's a bit weird to go home to foreign land.

Well. If you think about it, this was the era when Britain ruled India.

So if they were speaking, Hindustani, Hindi or Urdu, then probably people in India would say "Vilayati" .

Oh. It's like go back to your own...

Over there.

Over there. Okay, go back to the foreign land, foreign land to us, I see.

Yeah.

See. In Chinese we also have different names for the country, for example, it was like什么此生无悔入华夏，华夏，对吧? 

Oh, yeah.

So, we have a lot of those as well.

Yeah, it's the same as in English. They mostly used in sort of poetic.

Poetic, more literary, historical.

Yeah.

Okay. And what about Wales? Wales has his own language, right? 

Yes. They speak Welsh.

Which is an impossible-to-learn language.

It is very, very difficult.

Do you understand Welsh?

No.

It's a completely different language.

It's a completely different language. The grammar is completely different. The words are completely different. If you lived in Wales, then you would have to learn Welsh at school up to about 16, it's a compulsory subject, but most English people don't speak Welsh.

Okay. But where does the name Wales come from?

Well. It comes from the old English word for foreigner.

Okay. So basically English and just saying "over there, they are foreigners".  

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Hi, everyone and welcome back to Britain Under The Microscope. Hi, 安澜.

Hi, lulu. Hi, everyone.

So, 安澜, can I propose a topic? 

Of course.

The other day, during my live stream, you know, watching TV shows.

Oh, yes.

我们之前有一次那个看剧解梗的直播, 你知道吧? 然后我们就看了一个剧叫Ted Lasso.

I love Ted Lasso.

《足球教练》这个剧. It is about an American football coach going to coach a football team in the UK.

Yeah.

So, (I’m) not going into details but one of the things that we've noticed, because there's obviously a lot of cross cultural misunderstanding thing.

Yeah.

There was this particular part where Ted, the American guy got really confused about all these names for Britain or like people's like "oh, yeah, is that Wales, is that another country?"

It does get confusing.

Yeah, because when you meet英国人, sometimes they say "I'm from the UK". Sometimes they say "I'm British", sometimes they say "I'm from England".

Yeah.

So, I thought today let's just get that sorted out.

Yep. There's lots of different names for the UK, but first of all, let's start with the official name. So this is the name that's on my passport.

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Hi, everyone. And welcome back to one of your favorite segments【词源考古研究所】...

Do do do do ~ do`

I haven't said the English name yet.

Sorry. 

【It means what? 】

Do do do do ~ do`

Welcome to the show, 安澜.

Thank you. Hi, everyone.

You're in high spirit today. So I'm assuming we're talking about a fun word today. 

We're talking about I have to say an activity I really enjoy doing. 

So it must be quite boring then.

It’s actually... we’re talking about quizzes.

Quizzes, Q-u-i-z.

Quiz can mean测验测试或这种什么问答.  I like quiz in the sense of  when it’s a fun quiz. I don't particularly like quiz when it's given by teachers.

I remember when I was at school, we used to have lots of pop quizzes. So just these type of quizzes, the teacher would say right, books away. I'm gonna test you.

No preparation. 这种随堂突击测验,  I hated that.

I really, really hate that.

This is why now I'm a teacher, I don't give that.

Actually that's why when I was a teacher, I used to give those all the time.

You are such a horrible human being.

I know.

All right, quiz doesn't sound English. Where does it come from?

There is a famous story which to be honest, I think is a myth, most people think it's a myth. It's believed that it was invented by a theater manager in the 18th century. 

You would be surprised how many words are invented by people working in theaters.

Now he bet that he could introduce a word into the language within 24 hours.

That was before social media time and the internet, how could he do that? 

What he did was, he went out according to the story, he went out and hired a group of street children, so children that lived on the streets, homeless kids, okay. To write the word quiz which was a nonsense word. 

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~A loud whizzing sound filled the air, followed by the sharp tinkle of breaking glass. In that instant, Holmes leaped out of the shadows and tackled the marksman, forcing him face-first onto the floor. The man, showing surprising strength, quickly pushed himself up and grabbed Holmes by the throat.

Acting fast, I moved behind him and struck his head with the handle of my revolver. He collapsed back onto the floor. I held him down with all my strength, using my arms and knees to pin him in place while Holmes blew hard on his whistle, calling for help.

There was the sound of running feet, and three men rushed into the room. Two were policemen in uniform, and the third was a plain-clothed detective. I realized he was the man I had seen earlier standing in the doorway.

"Is that you, Lestrade?" Holmes asked.

"Yes, Mr. Holmes. It's good to see you back in London, sir."

"I thought you could use some help. Three unsolved murders in one year isn't very good, Lestrade."

The two policemen took over holding the prisoner, who had gotten back on his feet.

In the light of their lanterns, I saw the prisoner clearly for the first time. He had a weathered face, like someone who had spent years outdoors. His blue eyes were sharp and strong, but also cold, like a hunter. He ignored everyone except Holmes, staring at him with a mix of hatred and surprise. "You devil," he kept saying. "You clever, clever devil."

"My dear Colonel," Holmes replied, "I don't think we've met since the day you threw rocks at me above the Reichenbach Falls. Gentlemen, let me introduce Colonel Sebastian Moran, formerly of Her Majesty's Indian Army, and the best big game hunter in the East. No one has hunted more tigers than you, right, Colonel?"

The old man glared at Holmes. With his fierce eyes and bristling moustache, he looked a little like a tiger himself.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~I had just started to relax when a huge rock fell from above. It flew past me, hit the path, and then fell into the chasm. At first, I thought it was just a natural rock fall, but then I looked up and saw a man standing against the darkening sky."

"He threw another stone, and it hit the ledge very close to my head. I realized with alarm that Moriarty hadn't been alone. This man must have been watching while the professor attacked me. He had seen his friend die and me escape, and now he was trying to do what Moriarty couldn’t."

"A third stone came flying down and missed me by inches. I had no choice but to scramble back down the cliff. In my rush, I lost my balance and hung from the ledge by my fingers while another stone flew past my ear. I kicked around until I found a place to put my foot and kept going down. Halfway down, my hand slipped and I fell, getting hurt and bleeding on the path. Then I started running. I ran for miles through the mountains as night fell."

"A week later, I arrived in Florence, Italy. I had managed to lose my pursuer and thought that no one knew where I was—except my brother Mycroft. I had to tell him because I needed money. I'm sorry, my dear Watson, that I didn't feel I could trust you with this information, too.

"I was in so much danger that I couldn't risk contacting you. But your account in The Final Problem helped make people believe I was dead. It would not have been as believable if you had known the truth.

"Over the past three years, I wanted to write to you many times, but I was afraid. Not just for my safety, but for yours too. My enemies might use you to find me. That's why I acted so strangely earlier this evening. If you had recognized me, it could have been very dangerous for both of us."

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Hi, everyone. And welcome back to one of your favorite segments【词源考古研究所】, It Means What?

Hi, 安澜.

Hi, Lulu. Hi, everyone.

So what are we gonna talk about today?

First I wanna ask you a question, okay,

what would you do if you clogged your toilet?

Clogged my toilet? What are you talking about? I never clog my toilet. I'm a lady. 

Really? 

Okay. If I accidentally clog my toilet, I would use a plunger. I would use any method to try to unclog it.

But what if you can't? I'll call someone, I'll call a guy. Are we talking about plumber today就是水管管道工?

So we're gonna talk about the word. Plumber or plumbing

Plumbing is a word... I would assume the origin of this word has something to do with pipes because你说水管，我们说上下水管道工。

No, it comes from Latin “plumbum”, means lead.

Lead铅, 这个词在它作为金属的时候, 它读lead[led]，在作为引导的时候它读lead[li:d]. Here is lead[led], was it because the original pipes, water pipes they were made of lead?  

Exactly. So the Romans were famous for their plumbing. They were famous for their water supplies and their aqueducts.

Yes, the aqueducts are those things that you use to transport water.

And the Romans use lead to make the pipes.

Isn't that a bit dangerous?

Yes, it is. The problem is that lead is highly poisonous,

对, 铅就是特别有毒的.

Yes. The problem is that nobody realized that lead was that dangerous. So some scholars actually think the reason why the Roman empire fell is because of lead poisoning.

I guess a lot of these things that we now know to be highly dangerous, they were found out because people died from it,  (exactly) massive amount of people died from it.

So some people think that if you read Roman history, there's lots of people who are a little bit crazy or a little bit of eccentric or do very weird things. Some people have suggested that actually that could have been partly lead poisoning because lead poisoning does actually make you slightly erratic. It does affect your nervous system.

It's heavy metal poisoning, exactly.  It's like in Chinese history there's a lot of because of all the 炼丹, there's a lot of mercury poisoning.