Artificial intelligence (AI) became a popular subject in 2023. Still, the technology has a long way to go to meet people’s futuristic expectations of human-like machines. 

人工智能 (AI) 在 2023 年成为热门话题。尽管如此，该技术距离满足人们对类人机器的未来期望还有很长的路要走。 

ChatGPT was central to this year’s attention on AI. The chatbot showed the world recent developments in computer science, although not everyone understood quite how it works or what to do with it.

ChatGPT 是今年人工智能关注的焦点。 该聊天机器人向世界展示了计算机科学的最新发展，尽管并不是每个人都完全了解它的工作原理或用途。 

AI scientist Fei-Fei Li suggested that 2023 would be remembered for the great changes in technology as well as the public awakening. It was a year for people to figure out “what this is, how to use it, what’s the impact — all the good, the bad and the ugly,” she added. 

人工智能科学家李飞飞表示，2023 年将因技术的巨大变化和公众的觉醒而被铭记。 她补充说，这一年人们要弄清楚“这是什么、如何使用它、有什么影响——所有的好、坏和丑陋”。

The first AI concerns of 2023 began soon after New Year’s Day. That is when classrooms reopened and schools from Seattle to Paris started blocking ChatGPT. Students were already asking the chatbot — released in late 2022 — to write papers and answer take-home tests. 

2023 年的第一个人工智能问题在元旦后不久就开始了。 就在那时，教室重新开放，从西雅图到巴黎的学校开始屏蔽 ChatGPT。 学生们已经要求这款于 2022 年底发布的聊天机器人撰写论文并回答带回家的测试。 

AI large language models behind technology such as ChatGPT work by predicting the next word in a sentence. The models make such predictions after having “learned” the structure of a huge number of human-written works. The large language models often get facts wrong. But the results appeared so natural that it created interest in the next AI developments and possible uses for trickery and deception. 

ChatGPT 等技术背后的人工智能大型语言模型通过预测句子中的下一个单词来工作。 这些模型在“学习”了大量人类书写作品的结构后做出了这样的预测。 大型语言模型经常会弄错事实。 但结果显得如此自然，以至于引发了人们对人工智能的下一步发展以及欺骗和欺骗的可能用途的兴趣。 

Worries grew as this new group of generative AI tools produced not just words but also images, music and voices. They seemed to threaten the jobs of anyone who writes, draws, and creates music and computer languages. Concerns about AI tools fueled strikes by Hollywood writers and actors and legal disputes from artists to writers. 

随着这组新的生成式人工智能工具不仅产生文字，还产生图像、音乐和声音，人们的担忧也随之增加。 它们似乎威胁到任何写作、绘画、创作音乐和计算机语言的人的工作。 对人工智能工具的担忧引发了好莱坞作家和演员的罢工以及艺术家与作家之间的法律纠纷。 

Some of the most respected AI scientists warned that the technology’s progress was marching toward outsmarting humans and possibly threatening their existence. Yet other scientists called the warnings overblown and brought attention to more immediate risks. 

一些最受尊敬的人工智能科学家警告说，这项技术的进步正朝着超越人类的方向发展，并可能威胁到人类的生存。 然而其他科学家称这些警告有些夸大其词，并引起人们对更直接风险的关注。 

By spring, AI-created videos known as deepfakes had appeared in U.S. election campaigns. Deepfakes are videos that contain realistic images but with digital changes to people’s actions and speech. One deepfake falsely showed Donald Trump embracing the nation’s former top infectious disease expert. The technology made it increasingly difficult to tell the difference between real and fake videos of the wars in Ukraine and Gaza. 

到了春天，人工智能制作的被称为“深度造假”的视频已经出现在美国竞选活动中。 Deepfakes 是包含真实图像但对人们的行为和言语进行数字化改变的视频。 一张深度伪造照片错误地显示唐纳德·特朗普拥抱美国前顶级传染病专家。 这项技术使得辨别乌克兰和加沙战争的真假视频变得越来越困难。 

By the end of the year, the AI crisis affected ChatGPT’s maker, OpenAI. The San Francisco-based company led by chief executive Sam Altman was nearly destroyed by disagreements over its mission. 

到了年底，人工智能危机影响了 ChatGPT 的制造商 OpenAI。 这家总部位于旧金山的公司由首席执行官萨姆·奥尔特曼 (Sam Altman) 领导，因其使命上的分歧而几乎被摧毁。 

AI debates also led to new laws from the European Union and consideration from others, including the United States Congress. 

人工智能辩论还导致欧盟制定了新法律，并引起了包括美国国会在内的其他方面的考虑。