The earliest presidents who lived in the White House did not want the large outdoor areas that the monarchs of Europe might enjoy. 

最早住在白宫的总统并不想要欧洲君主可能享受的大型户外区域。 

Marta McDowell is writer of All the Presidents’ Gardens. She said, “You can understand that, given our democratic form of government.” But she said she thinks that a visit to the home of the British royal family, Buckingham Palace, caused President John Kennedy to expand the White House gardens. 

玛塔·麦克道尔是《总统花园》的作者。 她说：“考虑到我们的民主政府形式，你可以理解这一点。” 但她表示，她认为约翰·肯尼迪总统在参观英国王室所在地白金汉宫后扩建了白宫花园。 

From the start, presidents and their families influenced the 7.2 hectares of open space in the front and back of the White House differently. Their choices often showed their values and traditions of their day. 

从一开始，总统及其家人就对白宫前后 7.2 公顷的开放空间产生了不同的影响。 他们的选择往往体现了他们所处时代的价值观和传统。 

McDowell said that the White House is “really their home” while they are in office. She added that as long as they work with the historic plan of the gardens the National Park Service tries to meet the desires of the administration. The National Park Service oversees the gardens. 

麦克道尔表示，在他们任职期间，白宫“确实是他们的家”。 她补充说，只要他们与花园的历史规划合作，国家公园管理局就会尽力满足政府的愿望。 国家公园管理局负责监管花园。

John Quincy Adams, America’s sixth president, worked in the garden. Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th president, took down glass structures called greenhouses that were first built by James Buchanan, the 15th president, in the 1850s. 

美国第六任总统约翰·昆西·亚当斯曾在花园里工作。 第 26 任总统西奥多·罗斯福拆除了第 15 任总统詹姆斯·布坎南于 1850 年代首次建造的被称为温室的玻璃结构。 

John Kennedy, the 35th president, redesigned one garden called the Rose Garden in the 1960s. First lady Michelle Obama, wife of the 44th president, built a food garden using plants and seeds from the home of Thomas Jefferson, the third president. Today, the garden has more than 50 kinds of vegetables. 

第 35 任总统约翰·肯尼迪 (John Kennedy) 在 20 世纪 60 年代重新设计了一座名为玫瑰园的花园。 第 44 任总统的妻子第一夫人米歇尔·奥巴马 (Michelle Obama) 使用第三任总统托马斯·杰斐逊 (Thomas Jefferson) 家中的植物和种子建造了一个食物花园。 如今，菜园里有50多种蔬菜。

Pierre L’Enfant was the city planner and architect for America’s first president, George Washington. At first, he planned for a 30-hectare presidential garden. However, as a believer in small government, Jefferson reduced the White House grounds to just 2 hectares. The gardens were expanded to the current 7.2 hectares 

皮埃尔·朗方 (Pierre L’Enfant) 是美国第一任总统乔治·华盛顿 (George Washington) 的城市规划师和建筑师。 起初，他规划了一个30公顷的总统花园。 然而，作为小政府的信奉者，杰斐逊将白宫的占地面积减少到只有 2 公顷。 花园扩大至目前的7.2公顷 

Jefferson, like many Americans who had just freed themselves from a British monarch, was concerned about creating a new king. 

杰斐逊像许多刚刚摆脱英国君主统治的美国人一样，担心创造一位新国王。

“Avoid palaces and gardens of palaces,” William Thornton, a Washington city representative warned. “If you build a palace with gardens, I will find you a king.” 

“避开宫殿和宫殿花园，”华盛顿市代表威廉·桑顿警告说。 “如果你建造一座带花园的宫殿，我会给你找一个国王。” 

Over time, several different plants and flowers were planted at the White House. They include roses which have been around since at least Jefferson’s time. They also include peonies, wanted by first lady first lady Nancy Reagan of the 40th president, and Texas bluebells, asked for by first lady Laura Bush of the 43rd president.

随着时间的推移，白宫种植了几种不同的植物和花卉。 其中包括至少从杰斐逊时代就已经存在的玫瑰。 其中还包括第 40 任总统的第一夫人南希·里根想要的牡丹，以及第 43 任总统的第一夫人劳拉·布什想要的德克萨斯风铃草。

Oak and elm trees have also been on the White House grounds almost since the beginning. One tree, a chestnut oak southeast of the White House, might be the oldest tree on the grounds. The White House says it has been around since 1800. 

白宫场地上几乎从一开始就种有橡树和榆树。 白宫东南部的一棵树是栗色橡树，可能是白宫内最古老的树。 白宫称它自 1800 年以来就已存在。

McDowell says the White House gardens represent gardening tradition over time. First it followed designs in Europe, and then it was shaped by local traditions, the area, and the climate. 

麦克道尔说，白宫花园代表了长期以来的园艺传统。 首先它遵循欧洲的设计，然后受到当地传统、地区和气候的影响。 

But she said, “It’s not that they are always the leader. In fact, sometimes they’re following.” 

但她说：“并不是说他们总是领导者。 事实上，有时他们会跟随。” 

The White house grounds were open to the public up until 1923. That was when Calvin Coolidge, the 30th president, permanently closed them to unapproved visitors. 

白宫场地一直向公众开放，直到 1923 年。当时，第 30 任总统卡尔文·柯立芝永久不对未经批准的游客开放。 

These days, the White House Garden planned visits for the public are usually available for the public twice a year, one weekend in the spring and again in autumn. 

如今，白宫花园计划每年向公众开放两次，春季一次，秋季一次。

McDowell said, “They are full of tradition. They're full of beauty.”

麦克道尔说：“他们充满了传统。 它们充满了美丽。”