Britain’s King Charles was treated recently for a medical condition called enlarged prostate. American Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin recently spent two weeks in a hospital for treatment following an operation for prostate cancer.

英国国王查尔斯最近因前列腺肥大而接受治疗。 美国国防部长劳埃德·奥斯汀最近在接受前列腺癌手术后在医院接受了两周的治疗。

The 70-year-old Austin did not share any news of his medical condition publicly, at first. He also did not inform President Joe Biden of what the defense department described as a “minimally invasive” operation on Austin’s prostate on December 22.

70岁的奥斯汀一开始并没有公开透露任何有关他健康状况的消息。 他也没有向总统乔·拜登通报国防部称 12 月 22 日对奥斯汀前列腺进行的“微创”手术。

On January 1, the defense chief developed severe pain and was taken by ambulance to the hospital. He was placed in the intensive care department with an infection linked to the operation. Austin was released two weeks later.

1月1日，国防部长出现剧烈疼痛，被救护车送往医院。 由于与手术有关的感染，他被安置在重症监护室。 两周后奥斯汀出院。

The delay in informing the president and the public led to widespread criticism. A spokesman for Austin said at the time, “… discussions about (prostate cancer) screening, treatment and support are often deeply personal and private ones.”

延迟通知总统和公众引发了广泛的批评。 奥斯汀的一位发言人当时表示，“……有关（前列腺癌）筛查、治疗和支持的讨论往往是非常私人的。”

King Charles, however, announced on January 17 that he would undergo a “corrective procedure” for an enlarged prostate. His announcement came on the same day the 75-year-old king learned of his medical condition. On January 29, he left London Clinic after spending the weekend there for treatment.

然而，查尔斯国王于 1 月 17 日宣布，他将接受前列腺肥大的“矫正手术”。 在他宣布这一消息的同一天，75 岁的国王得知自己的健康状况。 1月29日，他在伦敦诊所度过周末接受治疗后离开。

It is unusual for members of the British royal family to share details about their health. However, King Charles decided to share his news publicly to encourage other men to have their prostates checked as called for by medical experts. The palace said the king sought treatment “in common with thousands of men each year.”

英国王室成员很少分享自己的健康细节。 然而，查尔斯国王决定公开分享他的消息，以鼓励其他男性按照医学专家的呼吁检查前列腺。 宫殿表示，国王“每年与数千名男子一样”寻求治疗。

The prostate is a small organ of the male reproductive system.

前列腺是男性生殖系统的一个小器官。

It is about the size and shape of a walnut. It sits below the bladder, an organ that stores urine temporarily.

它的大小和形状与核桃差不多。 它位于膀胱下方，膀胱是暂时储存尿液的器官。

The prostate helps make semen, the fluid that carries sperm cells required for human reproduction. The prostate surrounds part of the urethra, a tube that carries sperm from the testicles or urine out of the bladder through the penis.

前列腺有助于产生精液，精液携带着人类生殖所需的精子细胞。 前列腺包围着尿道的一部分，尿道是一条将睾丸中的精子或尿液通过阴茎从膀胱排出的管道。

As a man gets older, the prostate tends to grow larger. Medical experts say it could grow from the size of a walnut to the size of an apricot by the age of 40, and then to the size of a lemon by age 60. The larger prostate then may press against the urethra and cause problems in passing urine.

随着男性年龄的增长，前列腺往往会变大。 医学专家表示，到 40 岁时，它可能会从核桃大小长到杏子大小，然后到 60 岁时长到柠檬大小。此时，较大的前列腺可能会压迫尿道，导致排尿困难。 

The U.S. National Institute of Health (NIH) says men in their 30s and 40s may begin to have problems with passing urine. The agency advises men to seek medical help if they experience any of the four conditions. They are:

美国国立卫生研究院 (NIH) 表示，30 多岁和 40 多岁的男性可能会开始出现排尿问题。 该机构建议男性如果出现上述四种情况中的任何一种，应寻求医疗帮助。