Podcast Notes Playlist: Latest Episodes

Mark is a billionaire entrepreneur and investor. He is the owner of the 2011 NBA Champion Dallas Mavericks and stars on ABC’s Emmy Award-winning reality TV series Shark Tank.

[0:59] - Mark's story and core skillset

[5:50] - The potential of crypto and smart contracts

[12:39] - Crypto today vs. the internet in the ‘90s

[18:01] - Mark's perspective on crypto's hype cycles

[25:09] - Hedging and long-term thinking in investing

[35:20] - Investing in companies with world-leading AI

[37:03] - Three people who Mark has looked up to

[38:37] - Mark's approach to lifelong learning

[43:44] - The role of luck in extraordinary success

[48:46] - Speed round Q&A

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homeofjake.com

• The most important question is: “Is somebody else watching the other way?” – Dr. Zurbuchen
  • Life, like planetary systems, might also be distributed in the universe
• International coordination in space is critical for our future
  • However, we see some countries that are making us question whether they’re serious about the peaceful utilization of space
    • Things will only heat up because the mining approach to the “world in space” is inevitable
    • This is especially true of colonizing Mars and mining asteroids
• The toughest part of research is walking the edge between irrelevance and the seemingly impossible
  • This requires building programs that push that edge at the maximum speed viable and require that you learn how to fail
• Two red flags that he tries to keep an eye out for when running an organization:
  • Dishonesty, or over-exaggerating your comfort level 
  • Blindness, or forgetting you might not be seeing some part of your trade space
• “The priority is mission success. We will not rush and make stupid mistakes because every one of these mistakes in that environment costs us hundreds of millions of dollars. Saving a day and having six months to fix a mistake, it’s just a bad thing.” – Thomas Zurbuchen

Thomas Zurbuchen is currently Associate Administrator for the Science Mission Directorate at NASA, where he seeks answers to big questions about the universe and our place in it. Previously, he was a professor of space science and aerospace engineering at the University of Michigan and a founding director of its Center for Entrepreneurship. In this episode, Thomas and Shane discuss the origin of his passion for astrophysics, commercial spaceflight, exciting experiments going on at the International Space Station, the challenges of space flight, how he makes decisions, whether humans will ever live on Mars, and more.

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• A hormone has to be able to bind the receptor and take action on target cells to be effective
• Testosterone and estrogen can travel into cells and interact with the DNA of cells to control gene expression
• Primary sexual characteristics show up at birth (external genitalia) while secondary sexual characteristics take place during puberty (deepening of the voice, hair growth, etc.)
• Masculinization of the brain in males and females is accomplished by estrogen via aromatase which converts testosterone to estrogen
• Estrogen sets up masculine circuitry in the brain, testosterone controls the display of behaviors
• In utero exposure to androgens may have an impact on mate selection and sexual orientation later in life
• Pre-conception and in utero exposure to certain substances can impact the sexual characteristics of the fetus
• The average density and volume of human sperm has decreased significantly in the U.S. and Europe

In this episode I discuss how hormones such as testosterone and estrogen and their derivatives impact the early development of the brain and body and their maturation. I review published data on environmental factors shown to powerfully alter hormone pathways in animals and humans and the effects of cannabis, alcohol and cell phones on testes, sperm, ovaries and hormones. I describe the predictable relationship between genes, beard growth and balding patterns, and the importance of estrogen for brain development in people of all chromosomal sexes. Finally, I discuss how the hormones we are exposed to in the womb shape the relative length of our finger digits, the sounds our ears make (yes you read that correctly), and how those correlate with people's self-reports of their sexual preferences. As always, basic information and tools are discussed.

Thank you to our sponsors:

• InsideTracker - https://insidetracker.com/huberman
• Helix Sleep - https://helixsleep.com/huberman
• Athletic Greens - https://athleticgreens.com/huberman

Our Patreon page:

• https://www.patreon.com/andrewhuberman

Supplements from Thorne:

• http://www.thorne.com/u/huberman

Social:

• Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/hubermanlab
• Twitter - https://twitter.com/hubermanlab

Links:

• Mood Meter: https://moodmeterapp.com/
• NSDR: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pL02HRFk2vo
• Cell Phones & Hormones: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22138021/
• Finger Length Ratios & Hormones/Sexual Orientation:
  • https://www.nature.com/articles/35006555
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2940503/
• LeVay Study in Science Magazine on Sexual Orientation Brain Dimorphism: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/253/5023/1034

Timestamps below.

• 00:00:00 Introduction
• 00:06:47 Announcement: Mood Meter App Works Again
• 00:08:00 Maximizing Learning from the Podcast
• 00:10:00 New Non-Sleep Deep Rest Protocol, Spanish Subtitles
• 00:11:35 Sexual Differentiation: Hormones, Neurons & Behavior
• 00:14:15 Hormones Basics
• 00:15:26 Sperm Meets Egg, Chromosomal Sex, Gonadal Sex,
• 00:17:50 Y Chromosome Inhibition of Feminization
• 00:19:00 Placenta Is An Endocrine (Hormone-Producing) Organ, Adrenal Testosterone
• 00:19:45 Hormonal Sex, Morphological Sex
• 00:21:04 Hormones Fast & Slow, Sex Steroids Can Turn On Genes
• 00:23:06 Masculinization, Feminization, Demasculinization, Defeminization
• 00:23:42 Primary Sexual Characteristics: DHT Drives Penis Development
• 00:27:03 Secondary Sexual Characteristics
• 00:27:43 Penis Sprouting: Guevedoces
• 00:31:25 Estrogen, NOT Testosterone, Masculinizes The Brain
• 00:33:15 Breast Development In Males: Aromatase; Puberty, & Steroids in Athletes
• 00:34:50 Estrogen Powerfully Controls Brain Development In All Individuals
• 00:35:19 Avoiding Hormonal Disruption In Children & Adults: Specific Oils, Creams, Etc.
• 00:39:00 Environmental Endocrine Disruptors, Sperm Count Decline, Vincloziline
• 00:44:20 Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome: Hormones Need Receptors, SARMS
• 00:48:41 Estrogen Establishes “Masculine” Brain Circuits, Testosterone
• 00:49:42 Cannabis, Alcohol: In Babies, Puberty & Adults
• 00:56:25 Cell Phone Technology: Effects On Hormones, Ovaries, & Testicles
• 01:02:33 Beards & Baldness Patterns Around the World, DHT, 5-alpha-reductase
• 01:06:39 Creatine & DHT/Hair Loss
• 01:08:20 Predicting Aging Rates By Pubertal Rates
• 01:10:04 Hyenas, Baseball, & Jumbo Clitorises: Androstenedione
• 01:14:26 Intersex Moles
• 01:15:40 Marijuana Plants, Pollens: Plant-To-Animal “Warfare”
• 01:20:08 Finger Length Ratios, Prenatal Hormone Exposure & Sexual Orientation
• 01:29:13 Brain Dimorphisms with Sexual Orientation
• 01:32:00 “Older Brother Effects”: Male Fetuses Might Change Mothers & Subsequent Brothers
• 01:35:06 The Path Forward & A Warning
• 01:35:55 Support & Your Questions

Please note that The Huberman Lab Podcast is distinct from Dr. Huberman's teaching and research roles at Stanford University School of Medicine. The information provided in this show is not medical advice, nor should it be taken or applied as a replacement for medical advice. The Huberman Lab Podcast, its employees, guests and affiliates assume no liability for the application of the information discussed.

[Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac https://www.blabacphoto.com/]

Dr. Uma Naidoo is a a Harvard trained psychiatrist, Professional Chef graduating with her culinary schools’ most coveted award, and a trained Nutrition Specialist. James has a fascinating conversation with Dr. Naidoo about how it's now proven that 90% of serotonin receptors are in your gut, what foods we should eat and which to avoid, and just how much of an impact nutrition has on our mental health.