Ta de Clinicagem

João Urbano, nosso Joca, convida Ênio Macedo e Letícia Angoleri para falar sobre investigação do mecanismo de AVC isquêmico.

Referências:
1. McMahon, Naoimh E et al. “Etiologic Workup in Cases of Cryptogenic Stroke: A Systematic Review of International Clinical Practice Guidelines.” Stroke vol. 51,5 (2020): 1419-1427. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.027123
2. Kleindorfer, Dawn O et al. “2021 Guideline for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.” Stroke vol. 52,7 (2021): e364-e467. doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000375
3. Sposato, Luciano A et al. “Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source: New Data and New Controversies on Cardiac Monitoring and Anticoagulation.” Neurology vol. 103,1 (2024): e209535. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000209535

Nova temporada do Pipoca TdC no ar!🍿

O Pipoca TdC é um podcast bônus do TdC. Um espaço pra conversar sobre séries, filmes e medicina de um jeito leve e descontraído.
Depois de duas temporadas falando de House, agora é a vez de The Pitt, acompanhando os lançamentos semanais.
É só dar o play e aproveitar!

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Iaaaaaago Jorge apresenta um caso de dor lombar e fraqueza muscular para Ana Malvaccini e Pedro Magno.

Referências:
1. https://www.tadeclinicagem.com.br/guia/104/caso-clinico-5/
2. Ropper, Alexander E, and Allan H Ropper.  Mahartypinal Cord Compression.” The New England journal of medicine vol. 376,14 (2017): 1358-1369. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1516539
3. Darouiche, Rabih O. “Spinal epidural abscess.” The New England journal of medicine vol. 355,19 (2006): 2012-20. doi:10.1056/NEJMra055111
4. Laur, Olga et al. “Nontraumatic Spinal Cord Compression: MRI Primer for Emergency Department Radiologists.” Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc vol. 39,6 (2019): 1862-1880. doi:10.1148/rg.2019190024
5. Fraser, Stuart et al. “Cauda equina syndrome: a literature review of its definition and clinical presentation.” Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation vol. 90,11 (2009): 1964-8. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2009.03.021
6. Maharty, Donald Clinton et al. “Chronic Low Back Pain in Adults: Evaluation and Management.” American family physician vol. 109,3 (2024): 233-244.
7. Hoeritzauer, Ingrid et al. “The clinical features and outcome of scan-negative and scan-positive cases in suspected cauda equina syndrome: a retrospective study of 276 patients.” Journal of neurology vol. 265,12 (2018): 2916-2926. doi:10.1007/s00415-018-9078-2

Esse tema foi abordado na revisão 30 do Guia TdC. Para saber mais, acesse:  https://www.tadeclinicagem.com.br/guia/362/diretriz-de-tontura-e-vertigem-no-departamento-de-emergencia/

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Esse tópico foi abordado na edição 123 do Guia TdC. Para saber mais, acesse: https://www.tadeclinicagem.com.br/guia/426/medicamentos-no-infarto-agudo-do-miocardio/

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Chegou o episódio escolhido por vocês!
Marcela Belleza e Joanne Alves convidam Carol Millon para conversar sobe 6 clinicagens de inibidores de SGLT2, as gliflozinas:

• Indicações além do DM
• Risco de CAD euglicêmica
• Quando não usar?
• ⁠Cuidados com doença aguda (sick day) e hipovolemia
• ⁠Cuidados pré-operatório
• Risco de fratura e amputação

Referências:
1. Bailey CJ, et al. Dapagliflozin add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 102-week trial. BMC Med. 2013;11:43. Published 2013 Feb 20. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-43
2. Bersoff-Matcha SJ, et al. Fournier Gangrene Associated With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors: A Review of Spontaneous Postmarketing Cases. Ann Intern Med. 2019;170(11):764-769. doi:10.7326/M19-0085
3. Chang HY, et al. Association Between Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Lower Extremity Amputation Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. JAMA Intern Med. 2018;178(9):1190-1198. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.3034
4. Clar C, et al. Systematic review of SGLT2 receptor inhibitors in dual or triple therapy in type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open. 2012 Oct 18;2(5):e001007. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001007. PMID: 23087012; PMCID: PMC3488745.
5. Das SR, et al. 2020 Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Novel Therapies for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Sep 1;76(9):1117-1145. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.05.037. Epub 2020 Aug 5. PMID: 32771263; PMCID: PMC7545583.
6. Fralick M, et al. Risk of amputation with canagliflozin across categories of age and cardiovascular risk in three US nationwide databases: cohort study. BMJ. 2020;370:m2812. Published 2020 Aug 25. doi:10.1136/bmj.m2812
7. Li D, et al. Urinary tract and genital infections in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017;19(3):348-355. doi:10.1111/dom.12825
8. Neal B, et al. Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of the Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study (CANVAS)--a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Am Heart J. 2013;166(2):217-223.e11. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2013.05.007
9. Nyirjesy P, et al. Evaluation of vulvovaginal symptoms and Candida colonization in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor. Curr Med Res Opin. 2012;28(7):1173-1178. doi:10.1185/03007995.2012.697053
10. Perkovic V, et al. Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(24):2295-2306. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1811744
11. Rosenwasser RF, et al. SGLT-2 inhibitors and their potential in the treatment of diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2013 Nov 27;6:453-67. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S34416. PMID: 24348059; PMCID: PMC3848644.
12. Sridharan K, Sivaramakrishnan G. Risk of limb amputation and bone fractures with sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors: a network meta-analysis and meta-regression. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2025;24(7):797-804. doi:10.1080/14740338.2024.2377755
13. Ueda P,  et al. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and risk of serious adverse events: nationwide register based cohort study. BMJ. 2018;363:k4365. Published 2018 Nov 14. doi:10.1136/bmj.k4365
14. Watts NB, et al. Effects of Canagliflozin on Fracture Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Jan;101(1):157-66. doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-3167. Epub 2015 Nov 18. PMID: 26580237; PMCID: PMC4701850.
15. Zhuo M, et al. Association of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors With Fracture Risk in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130762. Published 2021 Oct 1. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30762
16. Emerson Cestari Marino, Leandra Anália Freitas Negretto, Rogério Silicani Ribeiro, Denise Momesso, Alina Coutinho Rodrigues Feitosa, Marcos Tadashi Kakitani Toyoshima, Joaquim Custódio da Silva Junior, Sérgio Vencio, Marcio Weissheimer Lauria, João Roberto de Sá, Domingos A. Malerbi, Fernando Valente, Silmara A. O. Leite, Danillo Ewerton Oliveira Amaral, Gabriel Magalhães Nunes Guimarães, Plínio da Cunha Leal, Maristela Bueno Lopes, Luiz Carlos Bastos Salles, Liana Maria Torres de Araújo Azi, Amanda Gomes Fonseca, Lorena Ibiapina M. Carvalho, Francília Faloni Coelho, Bruno Halpern, Cynthia M. Valerio, Fabio R. Trujilho,  Antonio Carlos Aguiar Brandão, Ruy Lyra e Marcello Bertoluci. Rastreamento e Controle da Hiperglicemia no Perioperatório – Posicionamento Conjunto da Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes (SBD), Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia (SBA) e Associação Brasileira para o Estudo da Obesidade e Síndrome Metabólica (ABESO). Diretriz Oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes (2025). DOI: 10.29327/5660187.2025-10 , ISBN: 978-65-5941-367-6.
17. Singh LG, Ntelis S, Siddiqui T, Seliger SL, Sorkin JD, Spanakis EK. Association of Continued Use of SGLT2 Inhibitors From the Ambulatory to Inpatient Setting With Hospital Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(6):933-940. doi:10.2337/dc23-1129
18. Mehta PB, Robinson A, Burkhardt D, Rushakoff RJ. Inpatient Perioperative Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis Due to Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors - Lessons From a Case Series and Strategies to Decrease Incidence. Endocr Pract. 2022;28(9):884-888. doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2022.06.006
19. Umapathysivam MM, Morgan B, Inglis JM, et al. SGLT2 Inhibitor-Associated Ketoacidosis vs Type 1 Diabetes-Associated Ketoacidosis. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(3):e242744. Published 2024 Mar 4. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.2744
20. Fleming N, Hamblin PS, Story D, Ekinci EI. Evolving Evidence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Patients Taking Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(8):dgaa200. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa200
21. Neuen BL, Young T, Heerspink HJL, et al. SGLT2 inhibitors for the prevention of kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019;7(11):845-854. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30256-6
22. Braunwald E. Gliflozins in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(21):2024-2034. doi:10.1056/NEJMra2115011
23. Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, et al. Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(22):2117-2128. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1504720
24. Neal B, Perkovic V, Mahaffey KW, et al. Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(7):644-657. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1611925
25. Wiviott SD, Raz I, Bonaca MP, et al. Dapagliflozin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(4):347-357. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1812389
26. McMurray JJV, Solomon SD, Inzucchi SE, et al. Dapagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(21):1995-2008. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1911303
27. Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J, et al. Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Empagliflozin in Heart Failure. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(15):1413-1424. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2022190
28. Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, et al. Empagliflozin in Heart Failure with a Preserved Ejection Fraction. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(16):1451-1461. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2107038
29. Heerspink HJL, Stefánsson BV, Correa-Rotter R, et al. Dapagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(15):1436-1446. doi:10.10...

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Djoni Moraes, Lucca Cirillo e João Mendes discutem 4 clinicagens sobre sinusite crônica.

Referências:
1. Expert Panel on Neurological Imaging, Hagiwara M, Policeni B, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Sinonasal Disease: 2021 Update. J Am Coll Radiol. 2022;19(5S):S175-S193. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2022.02.011
2. Frerichs N, Brateanu A. Rhinosinusitis and the role of imaging. Cleve Clin J Med. 2020;87(8):485-492. Published 2020 Jul 31. doi:10.3949/ccjm.87a.19092
3. Payne SC, McKenna M, Buckley J, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline: Adult Sinusitis Update. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2025;173 Suppl 1:S1-S56. doi:10.1002/ohn.1344
4. Schreiber CP, Hutchinson S, Webster CJ, Ames M, Richardson MS, Powers C. Prevalence of migraine in patients with a history of self-reported or physician-diagnosed "sinus" headache. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(16):1769-1772. doi:10.1001/archinte.164.16.1769
5. Smith KA, Ashby S, Orlandi RR, Oakley G, Alt JA. The price of pain in chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. Published online April 12, 2018. doi:10.1002/alr.22128
6. Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Hopkins C, et al. Executive summary of EPOS 2020 including integrated care pathways. Rhinology. 2020;58(2):82-111. doi:10.4193/Rhin20.601
7. Fischer, J.L., Lee, J.T. Update on the Role of the Microbiome in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Curr Treat Options Allergy 11, 17–33 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40521-024-00361-0
8. Anselmo-Lima WT, Romano FR, Tamashiro E, et al. Brazilian guideline for the use of immunobiologicals in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps ‒ 2024 update. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2024;90(3):101394. doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2024.101394
9. Orlandi RR, Kingdom TT, Smith TL, et al. International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: rhinosinusitis 2021. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2021;11(3):213-739. doi:10.1002/alr.22741
10. https://aborlccf.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/1669816618_Manual_de_lavagem_nasal-v2.pdf

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Letícia Angoleri apresenta um caso clínico de trombose de sítio atípico com João Mendes e Ênio Macedo.

Referências:
1. Jori E. May, Stephan Moll; Unexplained arterial thrombosis: approach to diagnosis and treatment. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2021; 2021 (1): 76–84. doi: https://doi.org/10.1182/hematology.2021000235
2. Carol Mathew, 2025. "Atypical-site thrombosis", American Society of Hematology Self-Assessment Program, Ninth Edition, Brady L. Stein, MD, Anand A. Patel, MD, Jacquelyn M. Powers, MD, MS, Catherine C. Smith, MD
3. May JE, Moll S. How I treat unexplained arterial thrombosis. Blood. 2020;136(13):1487-1498. doi:10.1182/blood.2019000820
4. O'Donnell M, Shatzel JJ, Olson SR, et al. Arterial thrombosis in unusual sites: A practical review. Eur J Haematol. 2018;101(6):728-736. doi:10.1111/ejh.13165
5. May JE, Moll S. Unexplained arterial thrombosis: approach to diagnosis and treatment. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2021;2021(1):76-84. doi:10.1182/hematology.2021000235
6. Yaghi S, Johansen MC, Ghannam M, et al. Proposal for the Ischemic Stroke Phenotyping System 2025: ISPS25. Stroke. 2025;56(12):3552-3562. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.125.051169

Esse tópico foi abordado na edição 133 do Guia TdC. Para saber mais, acesse: https://www.tadeclinicagem.com.br/guia/469/nova-diretriz-americana-de-2025-sobre-tratamento-de-infeccao-urinaria/

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Marcela Belleza e Matheus Rezende convidam Daniela Harsanyi, residente de Cardiologia pelo Incor, para falar sobre atualizações no tratamento ambulatorial de insuficiência cardíaca.

Referências:
1. 2023 Focused Update of the 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC, European Heart Journal, Volume 44, Issue 37, 1 October 2023, Pages 3627–3639. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad195
2. Anker SD, et al. Empagliflozin in Heart Failure with a Preserved Ejection Fraction. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(16):1451-1461. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2107038
3. Anker SD, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of intravenous iron therapy for patients with heart failure and iron deficiency. Nat Med. 2025 Aug;31(8):2640-2646. doi:10.1038/s41591-025-03671-1
4. Armstrong PW, et al. Vericiguat in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(20):1883-1893. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1915928
5. Bavendiek U, et al. Digitoxin in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction. N Engl J Med. 2025;393(12):1155-1165. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2415471
6. Belfort D, et al. Carvedilol as Single Therapy for Heart Failure With Improved Ejection Fraction: A Randomized Clinical Trial (CATHEDRAL-HF). J Am Coll Cardiol HF. Published online May 14, 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2025.02.022
7. Butler J, et al. Patiromer for the management of hyperkalemia in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the DIAMOND trial. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(41):4362-4373. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac401
8. Comitê Coordenador da Diretriz de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Rohde LEP, Montera MW, et al. Diretriz Brasileira de Insuficiência Cardíaca Crônica e Aguda. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018;111(3):436-539. doi:10.5935/abc.20180190
9. Ferreira J, et al. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor With and Without an Aldosterone Antagonist for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: The SOGALDI-PEF Trial. JACC. 2025 Aug;86(5):320–333.
10. Halliday BP, et al. Withdrawal of pharmacological treatment for heart failure in patients with recovered dilated cardiomyopathy (TRED-HF): an open-label, pilot, randomised trial. Lancet. 2019;393(10166):61–73.
11. Heidenreich PA, et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure. Circulation. 2022;145(18):e895-e1032. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001063
12. Kalra PR, et al. Lancet. 2022;400(10369):2199–2209. Intravenous ferric derisomaltose in patients with heart failure and iron deficiency in the UK (IRONMAN): an investigator-initiated, prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint trial. 
13. Kosiborod MN, et al. Semaglutide in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(12):1069-1084. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2306963
14. Kosiborod MN, et al. Semaglutide versus placebo in patients with heart failure and mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction: a pooled analysis of the SELECT, FLOW, STEP-HFpEF, and STEP-HFpEF DM randomised trials. Lancet. 2024;404(10456):949-961. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01643-X
15. Maddox TM, et al. 2024 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway for Treatment of Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;83(15):1444-1488. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.024
16. Marcondes-Braga FG, et al. Atualização de Tópicos Emergentes da Diretriz Brasileira de Insuficiência Cardíaca – 2021. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021;116(6):1174-1212.
17. Marcondes-Braga FG. Sequenciamento do Tratamento Farmacológico da Insuficiência Cardíaca com Fração de Ejeção Reduzida. ABC Heart Fail Cardiomyop. 2022;2(1):31-35.
18. McMurray JJV, Packer M. How Should We Sequence the Treatments for Heart Failure and a Reduced Ejection Fraction?: A Redefinition of Evidence-Based Medicine. Circulation. 2021;143(9):875-877. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.052926
19. Mebazaa A, et al. Safety, tolerability and efficacy of up-titration of guideline-directed medical therapies for acute heart failure (STRONG-HF): a multinational, open-label, randomised trial. Lancet. 2022;400(10367):1938-1952. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02076-1
20. Packer M, et al. Tirzepatide for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2025;392(5):427-437. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2410027
21. Ponikowski P, et al. Ferric carboxymaltose for iron deficiency at discharge after acute heart failure: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet. 2020;396(10266):1895-1904. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32339-4
22. Solomon SD, et al. Dapagliflozin in heart failure with preserved and mildly reduced ejection fraction: rationale and design of the DELIVER trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2021;23(7):1217-1225. doi:10.1002/ejhf.2249
23. Solomon SD, et al. Finerenone in Heart Failure with Mildly Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction. N Engl J Med. 2024;391(16):1475-1485. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2407107
24. Writing Committee, et al. 2024 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Clinical Assessment, Management, and Trajectory of Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure Focused Update. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;84(13):1241-1267. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2024.06.002
25. Yusuf S, et al. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction: the CHARM-Preserved Trial. Lancet. 2003;362(9386):777-781. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14285-7