In COVID-19 clinical update #94, Daniel Griffin reviews the FDA EUA for Paxlovid, test to stay in school, immunity after infection, variants and therapeutics, quarantine and isolation guidelines, Molnupiravir in non-hospitalized patients, and convalescent serum in outpatients.

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• FDA EUA for Paxlovid (pdf)
• Children and COVID-19 (pdf)
• Evaluation of test to stay in school, IL (MMWR)
• Evaluation of test to stay in school, LA (MMWR)
• Update on mRNA vaccine in under 5 yo (Pfizer)
• CDC endorses preference for mRNA vaccines (CDC)
• Natural immunity and protection against delta (Clin Inf Dis)
• Cross-neutralization post-vaccination infection (JAMA)
• Variants and therapeutics (NIH)
• Quarantine and isolation (CDC)
• Molnupiravir in non-hospitalized patients (NEJM)
• Convalescent serum for outpatients (medRxiv)
• Letters read on TWiV 845
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkee

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to [email protected]

Paul Offit returns to TWiV to discuss new CDC guidance on J&J vaccine, why children should be immunized against COVID-19, and whether or not booster doses are scientifically justified.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, and Brianne Barker

Guest: Paul Offit

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• Paul Offit on TWiV 720
• Are COVID-19 vaccine boosters needed? (virology blog)
• Letters read on TWiV 844
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne - Virus snowflakes Dickson - The Year in Pictures 2021 Vincent - Our Life is Plasticized

Gerry - Dan Barouch: COVID-19 Vaccine Development Louise - Pandora's Lab by Paul Offit

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to [email protected]

In COVID-19 clinical update #93, Dr. Griffin summarizes Omicron fitness, S-gene target failure, monoclonal efficacy against Omicron, vaccination, monoclonals, and disease in children, persistence of memory B cells in the elderly, infection and vaccine induced immunity, protection against severe illness and death by a third mRNA vaccine dose, high flow oxygen versus intubation, and therapeutic anticoagulation.

Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello

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• Variant updates (CDC)
• List of diagnostic kits (Global Fund, pdf)
• B1.1.529 escapes most antibodies (bioRxiv)
• mRNA vaccine third dose and Omicron (medRxiv)
• Outpatient strategies children and adolescents (AAP)
• Memory B cells persist in elderly (J Clin Invest)
• mRNA booster effect against Delta (Clin Inf Dis)
• Azithromycin meta-analysis (J Antimicrob Chemo)
• High-flow oxygen vs intubation (JAMA)
• Therapeutic anticoagulation (Ann Int Med)
• Africa cases surge (CIDRAP)
• Letters read on TWiV 843
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to [email protected]

TWiV reviews the results of serum neutralization assays which show that a third vaccine dose restores neutralization of the Omicron variant, and interaction of platelet factor 4 with the adenovirus capsid, suggesting a mechanism for thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• Third vaccine dose improves Omicron neutralization (medRxiv)
• ChAdOX1 interacts with PF4 (Sci Adv)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – Vaccine Scientists: Time’s 2021 Heroes of the Year Kathy – Snake dietary diversity Vincent – Alfred Wegener Institute on Instagram

Niclas – Once upon a time… Life

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to [email protected]

TWiV provides an update on immunity to Omicron, results of a randomized controlled trial of face masks, and a study of correlates of protection against respiratory syncytial virus infection in the upper and lower respiratory tract of nonhuman primates.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, and Amy Rosenfeld

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• Omicron escape from serum antibodies (pdf)
• Pfizer/BioNTech update on Omicron (Pfizer)
• Randomized trial of masking for COVID-19 (Science)
• Upper and lower respiratory tract correlates of protection for RS virus (Cell Host Micr)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Cities at Night Amy – I’m an E.R. Doctor in Michigan, Where Unvaccinated People Are Filling Hospital Beds Rich – International Dark Sky Association Vincent – SARS-CoV-2 variants

Keith – Ventusky

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to [email protected]

In COVID-19 clinical update #92, Dr. Griffin reviews emerging data on the Omicron variant, much information about monoclonal antibody treatment, including expansion of EUA for Lilly’s cocktail, FDA EUA for pre-exposure prophylaxis, outcomes after treatment, and investigation of subcutaneous or intramuscular administration; effect of adding immunomodulatory agents to usual care on thromboembolic events, and long COVID following infection in previously vaccinated individuals.

Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello

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• Risk associated with Omicron (medRxiv)
• Expansion of monoclonal EUA (FDA)
• Neutralization of Omicron by sera (medRxiv)
• Third dose sera neutralize Omicron (Pfizer)
• Monoclonals authorized for PreP (FDA)
• Patient outcomes after monoclonals (Open Forum Inf Dis)
• Subcutaneous or intramuscular monoclonals (medRxiv)
• WHO does not recommend convalescent serum (WHO)
• Immunomodulation and thromboembolic risk (J Clin Med)
• Long COVID after infection of vaccinated (medRxiv)
• Letters read on TWiV 840
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to [email protected]

TWiV reviews the impact of vaccination on SARS-CoV-2, the latest information on Omicron, West Nile virus transmission by organ transplantation, and why a 16 week interval between doses of BNT162b2 vaccine is better than a shorter interval.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler

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• Coronavirus in the US (NY Times)
• Omicron variant (NY Times)
• West Nile virus transmission by organ transplantation (Emerg Inf Dis)
• Stronger antibody response after 16 week mRNA dose (Cell Host Micr)
• Higher antibody response with 7 week dosing (Clin Inf Dis)
• Immune response after recovery and 1 vaccine dose (Sci Transl Med)
• Booster guidance in Canada (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Kathy – CDC U-M flu report (lay version, MMWR) Rich – Thagomizer Alan – Descent into Darkness by Edward Raymer Vincent – Funding: Blinding peer review

Lynne – ACE2 in chewing gum

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to [email protected]

The New York City Virus Hunters join TWiV to reveal how local students engage in safe virus surveillance and conduct science research right in their neighborhoods, followed by an update on variant of concern Omicron.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker

Guests: Teresa Bautista, Isabel Francisco, Jesus Gonzales, Joel Gonzalez, Florian Krammer, and Christine Marizzi,

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• Biobus
• Wild Bird Fund
• FluLab
• B1.1.529 (COVID-19-lineages)
• Report on Omicron spike changes (virological)
• Omicron (Wikipedia)
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Dickson – Plant Habitat-04 Brianne – The Coronavirus in a Tiny Drop Rich – Prophet in Purgatory by Jon Cohen Vincent – “ ’—All You Zombies—’ ” by Robert A. Heinlein (pdf)

Mike – The Coronavirus in a Tiny Drop

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to [email protected]

In COVID-19 clinical update #91, Dr. Griffin discusses final results of molnupiravir trial, Omicron variant of concern, outcomes in B-cell depleted patients, recovery in T-cell depleted macaques, peptide for induction of T cell immunity, high respiratory viral RNA loads in infants, IgA and T cells transferred to breast milk after vaccination, sensitivity and specificity of ID NOW, post-acute sequelae at 12 months, disease in low and middle income countries.

Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello

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• Update on Molnupiravir results (Merck)
• Omicron (Wikipedia)
• P681H and IFN resistance (bioRxiv)
• Synthetic DMARDS and disease severity (Ann Rheum Dis)
• Recovery in T cell depleted macaques (mBio)
• T-cell inducing peptide (Nature)
• Respiratory viral RNA load in infants (J Inf Dis)
• IgA and T cells in breast milk (Cell Rep)
• ID NOW specificity and sensitivity (J Clinical Viral)
• Risk prediction algorithm (Thorax)
• PASC in adults at 12 months (Front Med)
• Letters read on TWiV 837
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to [email protected]

TWiV reveals all that we know so far about the variant of concern B.1.1.529, also called Omicron, and describes a study on the ability of the alpha, beta, and delta variants to reproduce in cells in culture and induce membrane fusion.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker

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• Omicron genome changes (Covariants)
• Omicron shared changes with other variants (Covariants)
• Update on Omicron (WHO)
• Spike polymutant PMS20 (bioRxiv)
• Syncytium formation of variants of concern (EMBO J)
• Variants as super cell fusers (EMBO J)
• Letters read on TWiV 836
• Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Brianne – Immune Kathy – Elizabeth Lee Hazen and Rachel Fuller Brown, discoverers of nystatin oneand two Alan – Four Lost Cities by Analee Newitz Vincent – Deadly Choices by Paul Offit

Ryan – Ronny Jackson (one and two)

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to [email protected]