Intractable challenges are often the result of a lack of imagination. That is, our solutions are constrained by existing systems and structures that likely created the problem in the first place. To dream up novel solutions that allow us to realize higher values, we need to build structures that enable and extend our imaginations.

And sure, I'm talking about macroeconomic, climate, and political challenges.

But I'm also talking about our day-to-day work and family lives.

Footnotes:

• Read the written version of this episode.
• "The WPA Federal Music Project in New Mexico" by Charles Cutter
• "The New Mexico Federal Music Project: Embodying the Regional Spirit of Roosevelt's New Deal" by Audra Bellmore and Amy S. Jackson
• Professor YouYoung Kang speaks about the Federal Music Project at Scripps College (YouTube)
• "Transcript: Mark Zuckerberg Announces Major Changes to Meta's Content Moderation Policies and Operations" by Justin Hendrix, TechPolicy.Press
• "Values Aren't Chains; They Are Wings" by Tara McMullin

Find more episodes and essays at whatworks.fyi.

Many of us (most?) have an inner voice that loves to remind us that "If there's time to lean, there's time to clean" or that "Coffee is for closers." We nag ourselves about being more productive, working more efficiently, or hustling for more money. Even if we value rest, care, and comfort, that voice can be hard to ignore.

Well, meet your Tiny Capitalist. Or rather, Tiny Capitalists: the Tiny Puritan, Tiny Manager, and Tiny Entrepreneur. Understanding the role they play helps us make better decisions about how we navigate the systems we exist in.

Footnotes:

• Read the essay version of this episode
• "Is There a Tiny Puritan Living In Your Head? Tell Him to Get Lost." by Joy Marie Clarkson
• The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism by Max Weber
• The New Spirit of Capitalism by Luc Boltanski and Eve Chiapello
• "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" by Jonathan Edwards
• Clips from The Office, Severance, Office Space, Parks and Recreation

• (00:00) - Why Your Inner Critic Sounds Like a Bad Boss

Standardization is one of those ideas that, once you see it, you can't unsee it. It's a mental model that can explain, at least in part, many of our social, political, and personal challenges. Whether it's the clothes we wear, the language we use, the dates we go on, or the people we vote for, our choices are often unknowingly constrained by standardization.

In this episode, an update of an essay I originally released for premium subscribers back in November 2023, I explore the role that standardization has played in our economic development, our relationships, and even our identities.

Footnotes:

• Read the essay version of this episode
• "Butt Stuff" on RadioLab
• Doppelganger by Naomi Klein
• "Generation Why?" by Zadie Smith, The New York Review
• "The Bizarre History of Women's Clothing Sizes" by Laura Stampler, Time

• (00:00) - EP 490: Standardize This

This episode is about the long term—the commitments, projects, and relationships we can work on when our "temporal bandwidth" widens. How we perceive time and our ability to do what's meaningful to us in time does have to be constrained by the urgency of now. There are ways to feel more grounded and create more possibilities at the same time.

Footnotes:

• Read the essay version of this episode.
• The Steerswoman by Rosemary Kirstein
• On Freedom by Timothy Snyder
• Breaking Bread with the Dead by Alan Jacobs
• How to Do Nothing by Jenny Odell
• "Practicing the Future" by Tara McMullin
• "Wibbly-Wobbly, Timey-Wimey Stuff" by Tara McMullin
• "Busyness Decoded" by Tara McMullin

Find the What Works archives and subscribe to the newsletter at whatworks.fyi.

• (00:00) - Time Flies

Most of the work I do that's not this revolves around coaching, editing, and/or thinking with people who have meaningful ideas they want to better express to the world. In this work, the question I hear most often is about making sense of a complex idea—the kind of idea that contains many smaller, supporting ideas and stories and research. The sort of complex idea best expressed in a lengthy essay, a book, a podcast series, or a documentary.

How does one make a plan for tackling that kind of idea? How does one get started writing or designing that complex idea? How does one keep track of all the bits and bobs that go into a massive project like that?

From my perspective, three biases tend to trip us up when working on a project of this sort. I'll call them the linearity bias, the stick-with bias, and the waste-not bias. I'll explain how each gets in the way of big, messy projects—but first, I have to tell you about HONEYDEW.

Footnotes:

• Read this episode as an essay
• 12 Bytes by Jeanette Winterson
• Bird by Bird by Anne Lamott
• Thunder and Lightning by Natalie Goldberg
• "Making What Can't Be Sold" by Tara McMullin

I work with people who want to turn their meaningful ideas into remarkable content. Whether you want feedback or thought partnership in a 90-minute strategy session or you've got a more hands-on project involved, I'd love to help. Click here to learn more about working with me.

• (00:00) - Honeydew (Or, 3 Biases That Derail Meaningful Ideas)

The tech industry has a central role in shaping our work, our communication, and even our identities. Its mythology is woven into the products and services we use on a daily basis. So understanding how the people leading the tech industry think—how they perceive their own stories and generate their own hype—is a solid step toward making sense of what can seem so nonsensical.

And there is one book I go back to over and over again when I need to make sense of our mythologies of disruption and failure, value and genius—and that's What Tech Calls Thinking by Adrian Daub.

In this episode, I share 3 ideas from that book that help me make sense of the headlines shaping politics, business, and work.

Footnotes:

• What Tech Calls Thinking by Adrian Daub
• "Mark Zuckerberg" on In Bed With The Right

Find a text version of this episode at whatworks.fyi!

• (00:00) - Introduction

What does my new website, the TikTok "ban," and the ongoing purge of "woke" from government websites have in common?

The power to decide what content counts and what doesn't—and use that power to shape the knowledge and experiences of others.

In this episode, I continue to examine the state of The Website today. Amidst a backdrop of diffuse epistemic violence, the website is both an archive and a communication tool we can use to preserve the knowledge and ways of knowing we care about. In the second half of the episode, I share a piece I wrote last year on how artificial intelligence disrupts and deskills our critical thinking.

Footnotes:

• "Broken Links" by Tara McMullin on What Works
• "Knowledge Is Power: A Brief History" on Mental Floss
• Full text of the House bill "banning" TikTok
• "Multiple Ways of Knowing: Expanding How We Know" by Elissa Sloane Perry and Aja Couchois Duncan on Nonprofit Quarterly
• "Black Box Thinking" by Tara McMullin on What Works
• "Scientists Increasingly Cannot Explain How AI Works" by Chloe Xiang on Vice
• "Google is redesigning its search engine: it's AI all the way down" on The Verge
• "Hostile Epistemology" by C. Thi Nguyen
• "Microsoft Finds Relying on AI Kills Your Critical Thinking Skills" by AJ Dellinger on Gizmodo

Find a written version of this audio essay, subscribe free to the What Works newsletter, and learn more about working with me to turn your meaningful ideas into remarkable content at whatworks.fyi.

• (00:00) - EP 486: How Knowledge Really Does Become Power

I'm back! Maybe you noticed or maybe you didn't—but the show (and my newsletter) has been on its longest hiatus since its inception. In the final quarter of 2024, I decided I wanted to (re)consolidate my web presence, abandon most "platforms," and breathe some new life into my work.

This episode reflects on both my own challenges with wrangling my online presence and the ways the state of the web has made it extra challenging. While there’s a lot to complain about when it comes to social media platforms and the billionaires wreaking havoc in online and offline spaces, this isn’t that kind of episode. It’s an effort to illuminate some less obvious issues that, in turn, can help us figure out what we want to do next.

If you've been feeling a bit blah or displaced or just overwhelmed in your online work lately, I hope this episode gives you a fresh mental model for making sense of those feelings. And I hope that model gives you the inspiration it's given me.

Footnotes:

• Check out the new (and hopefully improved) whatworks.fyi!
• "For the Love of God, Make Your Own Website" by Gita Jackson, Aftermath
• "Decoder guest host Hank Green makes Nilay Patel explain why websites have a future" on Decoder
• "Digital Homelessness" by Venkatesh Rao
• "The Web Renaissance takes off" by Anil Dash
• "The Creator Economy Is Eating Creative Acts" by Tara McMullin, featuring Kate Tyson & Charlie Gilkey
• "Wait, I Think You're Platform-Pilled" by Tara McMullin
• "Is it OK to say the word 'homeless?' Or should you say 'unhoused?'" on The Guardian
• Alienation by Rahel Jaeggi
• Possessed: A Cultural History of Hoarding by Rebecca Falkoff
• American Bulk by Emily Mester
• Creating Digital Exhibitions for Cultural Institutions by Emily Marsh

You can check out the What Works archive at whatworks.fyi - where you’ll find a written essay version of this episode. Plus, you can find out more about working with me to turn your own meaningful ideas into remarkable content. 

• (00:00) - What even is a website today?

So, health insurance is in the news. And so is Americans' feelings about it. I got to wondering how we ended up with this terrible health insurance system in the United States. I uncovered a fascinating story about the marketing campaign that sunk Truman's national health insurance program in the 1940s. I also discovered some interesting parallels to popular marketing messages among today's influencers, gurus, and marketers.

Today's episode is a little trip through history that will hopefully put some of our current issues in perspective.

Footnotes:

• Gallup's survey data on healthcare
• "The Lie Factory" by Jill Lepore, in The New Yorker
• Interview with Leone Baxter in the American Archive of Public Broadcasting
• "Campaigns, Inc." via the California State Archives
• "The deprofessionalization of medicine. Causes, effects, and responses." by RR Reed and D Evans
• "Professional Identity Misformation and Burnout: A Call for Graduate Medical Education to Reject “Provider” by Deborah Ehrlich and Joseph Gravel
• "White Privilege and Professionalization: A Decolonial and Critical Feminist Perspective on Professional Nursing" by Natalie Stake-Doucet
• "Why Doesn’t the United States Have National Health Insurance? The Role of the American Medical Association" by Marcella Alsan and Yousra Neberai
• "Oli London & the Right Wing Grift" by Matt Bernstein

Find an essay version of this episode at whatworks.fyi!

A problem, question, or challenge is often more than meets the eye. But we're biased to accept how an issue is initially framed. We acquiesce to the original terms. That's called acquiescence bias. When we don't counteract our acquiescence bias, we miss opportunities to get to the root cause or think creatively about a challenge.

Today, I share 3 ways to resist acquiescence bias as you consider your next moves, goals, or plans.

Footnotes:

• "In Your Spare Time" from No Time to Spare by Ursula K. Le Guin (read it or listen on Spotify)
• "Don't call it a Substack." by Anil Dash
• More on why podcast metrics were so screwy this year
• A skeet thread on the difference in referral traffic from Bluesky and X

• (00:00) - What is spare time?