So, health insurance is in the news. And so is Americans' feelings about it. I got to wondering how we ended up with this terrible health insurance system in the United States. I uncovered a fascinating story about the marketing campaign that sunk Truman's national health insurance program in the 1940s. I also discovered some interesting parallels to popular marketing messages among today's influencers, gurus, and marketers.

Today's episode is a little trip through history that will hopefully put some of our current issues in perspective.

Footnotes:

• Gallup's survey data on healthcare
• "The Lie Factory" by Jill Lepore, in The New Yorker
• Interview with Leone Baxter in the American Archive of Public Broadcasting
• "Campaigns, Inc." via the California State Archives
• "The deprofessionalization of medicine. Causes, effects, and responses." by RR Reed and D Evans
• "Professional Identity Misformation and Burnout: A Call for Graduate Medical Education to Reject “Provider” by Deborah Ehrlich and Joseph Gravel
• "White Privilege and Professionalization: A Decolonial and Critical Feminist Perspective on Professional Nursing" by Natalie Stake-Doucet
• "Why Doesn’t the United States Have National Health Insurance? The Role of the American Medical Association" by Marcella Alsan and Yousra Neberai
• "Oli London & the Right Wing Grift" by Matt Bernstein

Find an essay version of this episode at whatworks.fyi!

A problem, question, or challenge is often more than meets the eye. But we're biased to accept how an issue is initially framed. We acquiesce to the original terms. That's called acquiescence bias. When we don't counteract our acquiescence bias, we miss opportunities to get to the root cause or think creatively about a challenge.

Today, I share 3 ways to resist acquiescence bias as you consider your next moves, goals, or plans.

Footnotes:

• "In Your Spare Time" from No Time to Spare by Ursula K. Le Guin (read it or listen on Spotify)
• "Don't call it a Substack." by Anil Dash
• More on why podcast metrics were so screwy this year
• A skeet thread on the difference in referral traffic from Bluesky and X

Do you see your software?

Do you see how it influences how you run meetings, brainstorm ideas, fulfill your responsibilities, and communicate with others? Do you see how its text boxes, radio buttons, tabs, search results, and menus train you to think? Do you see it, or do you just use it?

Footnotes:

• "The impossible dream of good workplace software" on Decoder 
• "Practico-inertia" by Rob Horning

Stop me if you've heard this before: we're overloaded and overwhelmed by information. There's more content than you could ever hope to consume. More scientific theories, philosophical concepts, and art forms than you could ever hope to engage with.

Enter personal knowledge management (PKM). It's a modern term for an ancient practice—how one collects, preserves, and utilizes knowledge worth remembering. In this episode, I speak with Sari Azout, the founder of Sublime, an app for personal knowledge management (but that description truly doesn't do it justice). We talk about the philosophy behind the product and how that plays out in the product's design.

Plus, I dive into how Sari's PKM philosophy is part of a long lineage of practices people have used to remember what's worth preserving.

Footnotes:

• Check out Sublime or get started right away with an invite!
• Too Much to Know by Ann Blair
• More about Sarah Mackenzie & Read-Aloud Revival
• "The Glassbox and the Commonplace" by Steven Johnson
• More on John Locke's commonplace book index system
• What do you want to preserve?
• More on Corita Kent at the Corita Art Center

Every new episode is published in essay form at WhatWorks.FYI!

In management cybernetics, there are 3 types of systems: simple, complex, and exceedingly complex. The systems we pay the most attention tend to be, you guessed it, exceedingly complex. In this episode, I explore what that means for how we do our work and run our businesses—and what happens when we forget that people are exceedingly complex systems, too.

Footnotes:

• Cyberboss by Craig Gent
• Thinking In Systems: A Primer by Donella Meadows
• Emergent Strategy by adrienne maree brown
• "Practicing the Future: 3 Ideas for Rethinking Change" at What Works     

Every episode is published in essay form at What Works and delivered in my newsletter—check it out and subscribe!

You've probably heard of a scarcity mindset. Maybe you've even been accused of having one!

In this short, I explore the false binary of scarcity and abundance mindsets to propose a third way: resourcefulness.

Footnotes:

• "Thought-terminating cliché" on Wikipedia
• Adam Tooze on The Ezra Klein Show
• Information on the US tax gap
• "Breaking boundaries to creatively generate value" in The Journal of Business Venturing
• Braiding Sweetgrass by Robin Wall Kimmerer
• This is a significant revision of a piece originally published in 2021

Essay versions of every episode are published at whatworks.fyi!

We're constantly bombarded by data. And it's easy to think that with the right clues, we could answer the ultimate questions of life, the universe, and everything.

But data aren't facts. They're not a secret code. Data are media—they mediate our interactions with the world around us. To make them useful and meaningful, we need a critical framework for working with data as media. That's what I've got for you today—a deep dive on how predictability, relevance, and actionability can help us see data for what they are and for what they're not.

Footnotes:

• Anytime I talk about data and how it mediates our lives and work, I'm referencing the work of philosopher C. Thi Nguyen and his concept of value capture. I've written about his theory previously here
• I also make use of Byung-Chul Han's The Crisis of Narration, specifically his critique of a 2008 Wired essay by Chris Anderson about the end of theory

Get written versions of all new episodes at whatworks.fyi—where you can also become a premium subscriber for just $7 per month and help support the work I do at What Works.

Today's episode is about tips. As in gratuity. Wait, wait, wait! Where are you going?

I know, you probably don't receive tips for your work. Maybe you don't live in the US, and you're thinking, 'What is this American BS about tips?'

Well, when I first heard about Trump's (and then Harris's) proposal to eliminate federal taxes of tipped income, my brain went a hundred different places: how many people would it impact, how much savings are we talking about, what will this do to the proliferation of tipped work, and how much could this accelerate re-proletarianization?! You probably weren't expecting that last one. 

Here's the thing: tipping is a class issue. Which means it's also a social justice issue. And it's also an issue that intersects with frustrations with the way all of us work. To find out how, you've got to trust me—and listen.

Footnotes:

• Information on the federal tipped minimum wage
• 'Tip baiting' Instacart drivers via CNN
• "The Economic Logic Behind the 'No Tax on Tips' Policy" by Jadrian Wooten
• Tipping: An American Social History of Gratuities by Kerry Segrave
• "'It's the Legacy of Slavery': Here's the Troubling History Behind Tipping Practices in the U.S." via Time
• "Tipping is a racist relic and a modern tool of economic oppression in the South" via the Economic Policy Institute
• "Errand Runners of Digital Platform Capitalism" by İsa Demir
• "Defending Hierarchy: The Conservative Impulse" by Matthew McManus
• The Society of the Spectacle by Guy Debord
• "The problem is proletarianization, not capitalism" by Solange Manche (about Bernard Steigler)
• Capitalism is Dead: Is This Something Worse? by McKenzie Wark
• "The Practical Utopian's Guide to the Coming Collapse" by David Graeber

Find essay versions of every new episode at whatworks.fyi!

If a chatbot writes your novel, did you really complete NaNoWriMo?

Two niche internet panics caught my eye over the last couple of weeks: a bungled AI policy by the organization that promotes National Novel Writing Month and a viral story about people hiring Strava surrogates to run for them so they can claim the kudos. And those two stories got me thinking about the ways that we delegate away the intrinsic value of other activities.

So with the help of a 1935 essay by Walter Benjamin, let's unpack the cult value of novel writing, running, and social media.

Footnotes:

• "NaNoWriMo Says Condemning AI is 'Classist and Ableist'" via 404 Media
• "Some Thoughts on NaNoWriMo" by Sarah Gailey
• Channel News Asia on the Indonesian Strava jockey trend
• "People are paying 'Strava mules' to do their runs for them, but why?" via Women's Health
• Velljko's Strava mule confession on TikTok
• Leigh Stein on the internet's difficult with satire on TikTok
• "The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction" by Walter Benjamin
• "Unpacking the Attention Fetish" on What Works
• "In Defense of Inefficiency" on What Works
• "Why AI Isn't Going to Make Art" by Ted Chiang via The New Yorker

Essay versions of every episode are posted at whatworks.fyi, where you can also become a premium subscriber and support What Works for just $7 per month.

Inspired by the current vibe shift, I'm interrupting my rebroadcast of the Self-Help, LLC series with an interlude about values—personal values, business values, American values, even Christian values. And it's about what is so often misunderstood about values.  Values aren't chains; they are wings.