The Synthesis of Wellness

159. Connections Between Intestinal Dysbiosis, Impaired Intestinal Barrier Function & Histamine Intolerance, Diamine Oxidase Enzyme Production, and a Brief Discussion on SIBO

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In this episode, we go through the role of histamine within the gastrointestinal tract, exploring its regulation of gastric acid secretion and impact on intestinal motility. We examine how histamine-producing enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells, mast cells, and gut microbiota contribute to histaminergic signaling, and how enzymatic degradation via diamine oxidase (DAO) maintains homeostasis. Additionally, we discuss histamine intolerance, highlighting the impacts of dysbiosis (as well as SIBO or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth) and intestinal barrier dysfunction on DAO insufficiency and histamine accumulation.


Topics:

  • 1. Introduction to Histamine & the Gastrointestinal Tract

    • Role in digestion and motility
    • Impact of intestinal conditions such as SIBO

    • 2. Histamine as a Biogenic Amine

      • Definition and classification
      • L-histidine and histidine decarboxylase (HDC)
      • Presence in various tissues, including the GI tract

      • 3. Sources of Histamine in the Gut

        • Enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the stomach
        • Mast cells in the lamina propria
        • Histamine-producing gut bacteria

        • 4. Histamine’s Role in Digestion & Gastric Acid Secretion

          • Interaction with parietal cells in the stomach
          • Activation of proton pumps via H₂ receptor binding
          • Maintenance of acidic pH for digestion
            • Importance of proper pH within the stomach for protecting against pathogenic microbes
            • Impact on downstream gut microbiota balance (e.g., SIBO)

            • 5. Histamine & Intestinal Motility

              • Modulation of gut motility via H₁ and H₃ receptors
              • H₁ receptor activation leading to contractions (diarrhea, cramping)
              • H₃ receptor-mediated inhibition of neurotransmitter release (bloating, slow motility)

              • 6. Histamine Intolerance: Definition & Mechanisms

                • Diamine Oxidase and histamine breakdown
                • DAO secretion by enterocytes (intestinal epithelial cells)
                • Enzymatic breakdown of histamine before absorption

                • 7. Factors That Can Affect DAO Activity

                  • Genetic Polymorphisms: AOC1 gene, reduced DAO expression
                  • Cofactor Deficiencies: Copper, vitamin B6, and vitamin C as essential DAO cofactors
                    • Importance of intestinal lining integrity for DAO production
                    • Conditions leading to or associated with enterocyte damage
                    • Intestinal dysbiosis and histamine accumulation
                    • Intestinal dysbiosis & epithelial/enterocyte damage
                      • Suppression of DAO production due to epithelial dysfunction
                      • Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) & Histamine

                        • 8. Symptoms of Histamine Intolerance

                        • Gastrointestinal symptoms (bloating, gas, constipation, diarrhea, acid reflux...)
                        • Systemic symptoms (dizziness, flushing, migraines...)

                          • 9. Identifying Potential Root Causes

                          • Tools and supplements
                          • Bioindividual approach



                            • Thanks for tuning in!

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                            The Synthesis of WellnessBy Chloe Porter
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