Today we’re tackling one of the biggest myths in modern nutrition: the idea that we need to restrict our daily sodium intake.

For years, we’ve been led to believe that salt is the bad guy—linked to high blood pressure, heart disease, and a shorter lifespan. But that’s just not the case.

Today, we’re diving into why salt isn’t the villain it’s made out to be—in fact, it’s essential, especially if you follow a low-carb, ketogenic, or Paleo diet, or if you’re using popular GLP-1 medications like semaglutide.

We’ll also spotlight a product that’s getting it right: LMNT, an electrolyte drink mix that skips the sugar and delivers the salt your body actually needs. Stick around—this episode might just change how you think about hydration for good.

Let’s start with where the myth came from.

Americans average around 3,400 mg (3.4 grams) of sodium a day, but the FDA is doubling down, pushing us to cut back to under 2,300 mg (2.4 grams).  It’s the same old anti-salt message—but is less really always better?

They claim this will save hundreds of thousands of lives by reducing heart disease risk. Sounds noble—until you actually look at the data.

Turns out, their case is built on:

• Cherry-picked epidemiology

• Exaggerated assumptions

• And some serious logical leaps

Let’s start with one of the largest global studies we have: The Intersalt Study, which looked at over 10,000 people across 48 populations. This study showed that there is no correlation between salt intake and blood pressure. In fact, the population with the highest salt intake had lower average blood pressure than the population with the least.

Or take the Framingham Offspring Study, which found that people consuming under 2.5 grams of sodium per day actually had higher blood pressure than those consuming more.

Still not convinced? A systematic review of the 2020 Cochrane Collaboration found that sodium restriction had virtually no meaningful impact on blood pressure in healthy people—and more consistent negative side effects than benefits.

And here’s the kicker: when the FDA says cutting sodium could save “500,000 lives,” that estimate is based not on sodium studies, but on data from hypertension drug trials. They essentially said: “Hey, these blood pressure meds work. So sodium restriction must work too.” That’s not science.

Now, does salt affect everyone the same? Of course not. People with chronic kidney disease or extreme hypertension might benefit from some restriction. But for the average person eating real food, staying active, or following a low-carb or GLP-1-supported lifestyle, salt is not the issue. You know what is? Sugar. A whole other podcast discussion we can have at a later date.

*Salt and Heart Health

If low-sodium diets were actually good for your heart, we’d expect to see that show up clearly in the research, right? But... we don’t. 

There was a major study published in JAMA back in 2011. Researchers looked at nearly 29,000 people with high risk for heart disease and tracked how much sodium they were consuming. And get this—the lowest risk of heart attacks, strokes, and cardiovascular death wasn’t in the low-sodium group. It was in the moderate sodium group—those eating between 4 to 6 grams per day. People eating less than that? They actually had a 19% higher risk of dying from cardiovascular causes.

And that’s not a fluke. A 2018 review—also in JAMA—found little to no solid evidence that cutting salt intake improves heart failure outcomes either.

I also want to touch on blood pressure and salt.

When you don’t get enough sodium, your body freaks out a bit. It ramps up hormones like aldosterone and renin to hold onto what little salt you have—but those same hormones also raise your blood pressure. Wild, right? Cutting salt can actually backfire for some people.

And furthermore — your bones act as a backup sodium reservoir. So when you're running low, your body pulls sodium from your bones, along with calcium and magnesium, which over time can negatively affect bone health.

Then come the symptoms: low energy, headaches, cramps, fatigue, even insomnia. If you're eating clean but feel like garbage, chances are you're not getting enough salt.

Now to be clear, I’m not saying go eat or drink an unlimited amount of salt. Too much sodium isn’t great either. But for most people—especially if you’re active or following a low-carb or ketogenic lifestyle—the sweet spot is usually somewhere around 4 to 6 grams per day. That’s just the baseline for feeling and functioning well.

*The Real Connection Between Salt and Hydration 

Let’s talk about hydration. It’s not just about water. You’ve probably heard that you need eight glasses of water a day—but here’s the thing: that’s way too generic. Everyone’s needs are different depending on your body weight, activity level, and environment. 

A much better starting point would be to try drinking about half your body weight in ounces of water per day—so if you weigh 160 pounds, shoot for around 80 ounces. And if you’re working out, sweating a lot, or living in a hot climate, you’ll need even more to stay properly hydrated.

Also what most people miss is that without enough sodium, your body can’t retain that water effectively. Ever felt more dehydrated after chugging a bunch of water? That’s what happens when you flush out electrolytes—especially sodium—without replenishing them.

Sodium helps regulate:

• Fluid balance

• Muscle contractions

• Nerve function

• Blood volume and pressure

If you're sweating, fasting, or simply cutting carbs, you're losing more salt than you think. And your body doesn’t store sodium—so it needs to be replenished daily.

If you’re on a low-carb, Paleo, or keto diet, or using medications like semaglutide for weight loss, the bottom line is you need more sodium.

When you reduce your carb intake, your insulin levels drop—and that’s great for fat loss. But lower insulin also signals your kidneys to excrete more sodium. That’s why people transitioning to low-carb often feel fatigued, get muscle cramps, or experience the dreaded “keto flu.” It’s not carb withdrawal—it’s sodium depletion.

And with GLP-1 medications like semaglutide or tirzepatide, there’s an added twist: appetite drops dramatically, which means many people aren’t eating enough food to maintain electrolyte balance. Less food, fewer nutrients—including salt.

If you’re using these tools and feeling dizzy, nauseous, or weak, you may not be getting enough sodium.

Now let’s talk solutions.

One of the products that’s completely flipped the hydration conversation is LMNT—that’s L-M-N-T. It’s an electrolyte drink mix developed by health experts and athletes who realized that most so-called hydration drinks were full of sugar and low on actual electrolytes.

Each LMNT packet contains:

• 1000 mg of sodium

• 200 mg of potassium

• 60 mg of magnesium

Potassium teams up with sodium to keep your cells working properly—it helps your nerves fire and your muscles move. Magnesium’s like a multitasker for your body: it helps you make energy, repair DNA, build muscle, and even get better sleep. 

So, how much sodium is right for you?

It varies, but here’s a basic framework:

• The average low-carb or active adult likely needs 4,000–6,000 mg per day.

• If you’re sweating a lot or fasting, that number can go even higher.

• And if you’re on GLP-1 meds, make sure you’re intentionally adding electrolytes to your day.

Lastly, let’s talk about something you’ll see in a lot of hydration powders and supplements—like Liquid I.V.—and that’s vitamin B12. Sounds good, right? But here’s the thing: the form they use is usually something called cyanocobalamin.

Now, yeah, it’s technically B12, but it’s not the best kind. It’s synthetic, your body actually has to convert it into usable forms—like methylcobalamin—and not everyone does that well, especially if you’ve got liver issues or certain genetic mutations (e.g., MTHFR mutation).

Also, Liquid I.V. contains around 536–584 mg of sodium per serving, depending on the flavor, which is about half the amount of sodium found in LMNT. While it still supports hydration, LMNT’s higher sodium content is better suited for those needing more electrolytes, like on low-carb diets or during intense physical activity.

So the next time someone tells you to “watch your salt,” consider asking: Why? If you’re eating a whole-food diet, staying active, or managing your weight with GLP-1 meds, salt may be the very thing you're missing.

Hydration isn’t just about water—it’s about electrolyte balance. And when you get it right, your energy, cognition, and performance all go up.

Thank you for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you enjoyed the show and want to support what we do, head over to our Partners Page. You'll find some amazing brands we trust—and by checking them out, you're helping us keep the podcast going. 

If you found this helpful, don’t forget to rate and share it with a friend who’s still drinking plain water and wondering why they don’t feel 100%. You can check out LMNT products by clicking the link in the show notes.

Have a happy, healthy week!

So, you've heard the rumors—“GLP-1s destroy your muscle!” But… is that actually true?

Think again. Today, we’re setting the record straight.

If you're serious about real, healthy weight loss—and actually keeping your strength for the long haul—this episode is a must.

We’re diving into a long-overdue conversation about GLP-1 medications, metabolism, body composition, and what’s really happening to your muscle mass on these meds.

Because weight loss isn’t just about the scale—it’s about how you lose it. Let’s get into it.

Quick Basics — What Are GLP-1 and GIP/GLP-1 Medications?

Let’s start at ground zero. GLP-1 medications — like semaglutide (Wegovy and Ozempic) — are game-changers for weight loss and diabetes. They work by mimicking gut hormones that regulate appetite, blood sugar, and insulin release.

GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) slows down how fast your stomach empties, helps your body respond better to insulin, and most importantly — makes you feel fuller, longer.

Tirzepatide (Mounjaro and Zepbound), also hits GIP receptors — that’s glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide — lending to more blood sugar regulation in some people.

What Happens to Your Body During Weight Loss?

No matter how you lose weight — whether it’s from keto, bariatric surgery, or GLP-1 meds — your body isn’t just burning fat.

It’s normal to lose a mix of fat mass and lean mass, which includes muscle, bone, and organ tissue. But the goal with any good weight loss plan is to maximize fat loss and minimize muscle loss.

The Myth: “GLP-1s Make You Lose All Your Muscle”

Here’s the truth: GLP-1 medications do NOT inherently destroy your muscle mass.

In fact, clinical studies have shown that GLP-1 medications, like semaglutide, have osteoblastic effects, meaning they can stimulate the activity of osteoblasts, the cells responsible for bone formation. This can potentially help improve bone density and support bone health. While the primary role of GLP-1 medications is to aid in weight loss and improve blood sugar control, these osteoblastic effects may offer additional benefits, especially in individuals at risk for osteoporosis or bone loss.

If you see muscle loss during GLP-1 therapy, it’s because of rapid overall weight loss and a lack of resistance training and protein — not because the medication is wasting your muscle.

It’s the same thing we see in ANY rapid weight loss — if you don’t stimulate your muscles and feed them the right building blocks, your body gets rid of them because it thinks you don’t need them.

Muscle is metabolically expensive. Your body is smart — if it thinks you’re not using muscle, it’s going to save energy and dump it. That’s biology — not the medication.

Why Protein and Resistance Training Are Non-Negotiable

If you’re on a GLP-1, your appetite is lower — which is great for fat loss, but it means you could accidentally under-eat protein if you’re not paying attention.

Protein is literally the raw material your body uses to maintain and build muscle. Protein also helps build and repair tissues and is essential for producing enzymes, hormones, and maintaining a healthy immune system. Without enough, your body will start to break down lean tissue to make up the difference.

And without resistance training (e.g., bodyweight exercises), your body assumes you don’t need the muscle anymore. Use it or lose it.

How to Protect (and Even Build) Muscle on GLP-1s

Here’s the simple formula:

• Prioritize protein: Aim for at least 0.8 to 1 grams per pound of body weight per day. Some need even more during active fat loss.

• Strength train 2–4 times a week: Focus on compound movements — think squats, deadlifts, presses, pulls, push ups, lunges, planks, and wall sits.

• Don’t fear the scale: Remember that as you lose fat and build muscle, the number might not drop as fast — but your body composition is improving (e.g., reduced body fat, more defined muscles, improved waist circumference, increased energy and strength, and don’t forget improved cardiovascular health).

• Think long-term: It’s not just about losing weight — it’s about keeping a strong, healthy, metabolically active body. THIS is what helps maintain weight loss.

Making sustainable lifestyle changes can be challenging, but they are the most important choice you can make when it comes to losing weight and improving your metabolism in the long run. The goal isn’t just weight loss — it’s fat loss while preserving and strengthening lean mass.

It’s important to remember that GLP-1s are a powerful tool, but they aren’t a magic. You still have to partner with your body — feed it well, move it wisely, and respect the incredible machine it is.

Strong, lean, metabolically active — that’s the future we’re building, not just smaller bodies.

Thanks again for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If this episode helped you rethink your game plan, do me a favor — share it with someone who’s starting their GLP-1 journey. And as always, have a happy healthy week!

Thanks for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you found this episode helpful, please follow or leave a review. And if there’s a topic you’d like to hear more about, feel free to reach out—we’d love to hear from you. As always, have a happy, healthy week!

We're huge advocates of elevating your health game with nutrition, supplements, and vitamins. Whether it's a daily boost or targeted support, we trust and use Momentous products to supercharge our wellness journey. 

Momentous only uses the highest-quality ingredients, and every single product is rigorously tested by independent third parties to ensure their products deliver on their promise to bring you the best supplements on the market.

Today, we’re talking about how nootropics and peptides like Semax (See-max) and Selank (SEH-lank) work together to support cognitive health, improve focus, and reduce mental fatigue.

Let’s start with nootropics. These are substances that are designed to support and enhance mental performance. Some work by improving memory, others help with focus, alertness, or reducing brain fog.

Nootropics can be:

• Natural, like L-theanine or Lion’s Mane

• Nutraceuticals, like Alpha-GPC or CDP-Choline, which support neurotransmitter production

• Or synthetic, like Modafinil or racetams “RASS-uh-tams”, which are often used off-label to promote wakefulness and focus

Most nootropics work by affecting levels of key brain chemicals like dopamine, acetylcholine, or norepinephrine. They don’t “make you smarter,” but they can improve how efficiently your brain is working—especially under stress or fatigue.

Now, let’s talk about peptides—specifically Selank and Semax, which are two of the most well-known nootropic peptides.

Selank is more about calming and emotional regulation, while Semax leans into cognitive enhancement and brain performance. Think of Selank as the anti-anxiety sidekick and Semax as the mental sharpener.

Selank works by boosting GABA activity, which helps calm the nervous system. That’s why it’s often used to reduce stress and anxiety without causing drowsiness or dependence — unlike traditional anti-anxiety meds. Interestingly, it also slightly increases BDNF, the brain growth factor that supports memory and learning. Semax, on the other hand, has a much stronger impact on BDNF. It’s derived from ACTH, but it doesn’t raise cortisol levels. Instead, it enhances BDNF, dopamine, and serotonin activity, making it great for improving focus, mental energy, and even mood.

And that’s what makes them such a powerful combo for some people. Selank helps create a calm, clear mental space — kind of like reducing background noise — while Semax boosts the brain’s signal, improving neuroplasticity, motivation, and mental clarity. Together, they offer a full-spectrum brain support: emotional balance and cognitive performance. Whether you're dealing with brain fog, anxiety, or just want to perform at a higher level, these peptides could be worth exploring.

Stacking Nootropics with Peptides

One of the most popular strategies for cognitive support is to combine or stack peptides with nootropics.

For example:

• Selank pairs well with L-theanine for calming, focused energy. L-theanine, an amino acid found primarily in green tea, promotes relaxation and reduces stress without causing drowsiness by increasing calming neurotransmitters like GABA and serotonin. Lion’s Mane mushroom, a natural nootropic found in both wild and cultivated forms, can be stacked with Semax to naturally support memory, focus, and neurogenesis.

• Semax can be used with Alpha-GPC to support both short-term concentration and long-term brain health. Alpha-GPC (Alpha-glycerophosphocholine) is a choline-containing nutraceutical, often derived from soy or sunflower lecithin, that acts as a powerful nootropic. It increases levels of acetylcholine, a key neurotransmitter involved in learning, memory, focus, and muscle control. Because of its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier efficiently, Alpha-GPC is often used to enhance cognitive function, support brain health and neuroprotection, and improve physical performance by boosting power output and recovery in athletes.

• Semax can also be used with CDP-Choline for memory support, brain fog, and age-related cognitive decline. It too is a nutraceutical that provides choline, which the brain uses to produce acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter essential for memory, learning, and focus. It also delivers cytidine, which converts into uridine—a compound that supports neuron repair and brain cell membrane synthesis. 

Alright, so one question we get a lot is, “What’s the difference between CDP-Choline and Alpha-GPC?”

It’s a good one—because they’re both great choline sources, but they work a little differently. Alpha-GPC delivers choline more directly, which means you’ll feel that boost in focus and mental energy a bit faster. It’s especially handy if you’re doing high-intensity brain work or even something athletic.

Lastly, I also want to dive into something a lot of people are curious about, Modafinil and racetams (RASS-uh-tams). 

Modafinil (Provigil) is a prescription, stimulant medication used to treat sleep disorders (e.g., narcolepsy and obstructive sleep apnea) and shift work disorder. It’s also used off-label as a focus-enhancing nootropic. It works by promoting wakefulness in the CNS. Researchers don’t know exactly how it works, but it appears to affect areas in the brain that control attention and wakefulness.

Racetams (e.g., Piracetam, Aniracetam, or Oxiracetam) are a class of compounds that enhance acetylcholine activity and neuroplasticity, leading to better learning, memory, and focus with subtle, non-stimulant effects. 

While Modafinil provides a noticeable surge in alertness and productivity, racetams offer a more gradual cognitive boost that can be ideal for sustained mental performance.

Just remember, peptides provide foundational support—helping your brain repair and function better long-term. Nootropics can then layer on immediate effects, like sharper focus or improved mood.

Thanks for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you found this episode helpful, please follow or leave a review. And if there’s a topic you’d like to hear more about, feel free to reach out—we’d love to hear from you. As always, have a happy, healthy week!

We're huge advocates of elevating your health game with nutrition, supplements, and vitamins. Whether it's a daily boost or targeted support, we trust and use Momentous products to supercharge our wellness journey. 

Momentous only uses the highest-quality ingredients, and every single product is rigorously tested by independent third parties to ensure their products deliver on their promise to bring you the best supplements on the market.

Hey, welcome back! Today, we’re diving into something that can seriously up your game when it comes to energy, performance, and even longevity—NAD+. If you haven’t heard of it, don’t worry, we’ve got you covered.

We’re also going to talk about some awesome peptide stacks that can keep you feeling energized and performing at your best—whether that’s crushing it in your workouts or staying sharp through your workday grind.

So, if you’re looking to boost your fitness, stay more focused at work, or just feel more energized in general, this episode’s for you.

What is NAD+?

Alright, let’s kick things off with the basics—what is NAD+? It stands for Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, which is a bit of a mouthful, but it’s actually a co-enzyme that’s super important for energy production in your body. Think of it as the fuel for your cells. Without NAD+, your cells can’t make energy, which is obviously a big deal.

Now, here’s the thing—our NAD+ levels drop as we get older. This can lead to feeling tired, slower recovery, and just a general lack of energy.

But don’t panic—there’s good news! Supplementing with NAD+ (either through injections or IV infusions) or even helping your body boost its NAD+ production naturally can actually reverse some of these aging effects. Not only will you feel more energized, but you’ll also get benefits like improved focus, better endurance, faster recovery, and even some anti-aging perks.

How Does NAD+ Work?

So, how does NAD+ actually work in the body? It plays a huge role in energy production by helping with mitochondrial respiration. Basically, it cycles between two forms—NAD+ and NADH—to help produce ATP, which is the energy currency of your cells.

But that’s not all. NAD+ also impacts proteins called sirtuins that regulate metabolism, stress responses, and longevity. It even activates enzymes like PARPs that help with DNA repair, which is key for maintaining cell integrity, especially when dealing with things like aging and stress.

And on top of that, NAD+ is involved in cell signaling pathways that influence things like inflammation, insulin sensitivity (which could help with weight management), and even your circadian rhythm.

What Are the Benefits of NAD+?

So, you’ve got energy, anti-aging, and DNA repair—but that’s just the start. NAD+ can also help with memory, focus, and mental clarity by keeping your neurons healthy and protected from neurodegeneration.

In fact, there’s some research showing that NAD+ therapy could even help with managing withdrawal symptoms and cravings, particularly for alcohol and opioid dependencies.

Are There Any Side Effects of NAD+?

Like anything, NAD+ therapy can have some side effects, though it’s generally considered safe. Some people may experience things like low blood pressure, flushing, nausea, headaches, or fatigue, especially after an injection. But the good news is these side effects tend to go away on their own, and over time, your energy levels will start to improve.

Let’s Talk About Stacking NAD+ for Even More Benefits

Okay, so you’re probably wondering how to make the most of NAD+. Well, stacking it with the right supplements can seriously amplify its effects. But it’s not just about throwing a bunch of stuff together and hoping for the best. You’ve got to have the right combos to really level up your energy, endurance, and focus.

Here are my top four NAD+ stacks:

1. NAD+ + Glutathione This stack is great for detoxing and reducing oxidative stress. It supports your cellular health and helps fight free radicals, which is key for feeling good and staying healthy long-term.

2. NAD+ + 5 Amino-1MQ If you’re looking to support metabolic health and fat loss, this one’s for you. 5 Amino-1MQ is a peptide that works really well with NAD+ to boost fat-burning and improve metabolic efficiency.

3. NAD+ + Thymosin Alpha-1 Thymosin Alpha-1 is a peptide that’s all about boosting your immune system. When combined with NAD+, it enhances your immune-regulating effects, making it a powerful duo for longevity and immune resilience.

4. NAD+ + Epitalon Epitalon is a peptide that helps with telomere health, which is essential for anti-aging. When paired with NAD+, it supports cellular repair and overall longevity.

If you’re thinking about adding NAD+ to your routine, I’d recommend starting with a high-quality supplement. Take it consistently, pair it with the right stacks, and give it a bit of time to work its magic.

Thanks for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you found this episode helpful, be sure to subscribe and leave a review. And as always, have a happy, healthy week.

We're huge advocates of elevating your health game with nutrition, supplements, and vitamins. Whether it's a daily boost or targeted support, we trust and use Momentous products to supercharge our wellness journey. 

Momentous only uses the highest-quality ingredients, and every single product is rigorously tested by independent third parties to ensure their products deliver on their promise to bring you the best supplements on the market.

Today, we're talking about a hot topic in the world of fitness and wellness: peptide stacking. Whether you're looking to build lean muscle, burn fat, enhance recovery, or boost cognitive function, peptide stacking could be a game-changer. But, just like anything, it’s important to know the ins and outs of how it works and how to “stack” safely.

What is Peptide Stacking?

So, what is peptide stacking, and how can it benefit you? Let’s break it down.

At its core, peptide stacking refers to the practice of combining different peptides to maximize their individual effects and synergize their benefits. Keep in mind, there's no "magic" stack that works for everyone. Each stack is chosen based on the person's symptoms or what effect they want to achieve.

The concept is pretty similar to stacking supplements or combining different types of training programs. When done right, stacking peptides can enhance muscle growth, accelerate fat loss, improve recovery, and boost cognitive function.

But, not all peptides play well together, and some shouldn't be mixed. We'll dive into those potential issues in a bit. First, let's talk about the benefits of stacking.

What Are the Potential Benefits of Stacking Peptides?

So, what are the benefits of stacking peptides?

First off, synergistic effects – when peptides work together, they can boost each other’s impact, helping with muscle growth and speeding up recovery time.

Then, there's the ability to tackle multiple goals at once. Whether you're focusing on fat loss, building muscle, or even improving brain function, stacking peptides lets you work on a few things at the same time.

Lastly, customization is a big perk. You can adjust your stack based on your specific needs and make changes as your body adapts, so you’re always on track to reach your goals.

What Are Some Risks of Peptide Stacking?

Some peptides shouldn’t be mixed, as they can cause negative effects or reduce each other’s effectiveness. For example, combining GHRP-6 (stimulates growth hormone) with somatostatin (inhibits growth hormone) would be counterproductive. Also, stacking too many peptides affecting the same pathways could overwhelm your system, leading to side effects like insulin resistance or excessive GH levels. 

Popular Peptide Stacks

While there are countless peptide therapies and hundreds of possible stack combinations that can offer great benefits, I can't cover them all, but let's dive into some of the most common and effective peptide stacks for different goals.

Building Lean Muscle Mass:

If you're aiming to pack on lean muscle, a great stack to try is CJC-1295 with DAC + Ipamorelin + BPC-157. This combo helps release growth hormone and boosts muscle recovery. But if you really want to take it up a notch, adding MK-677 to the mix is a game-changer. MK-677 is a growth hormone secretagogue that mimics ghrelin, the hunger hormone, which not only increases growth hormone levels but also helps with muscle growth and fat loss.

One of the best things about MK-677 is its ability to stimulate appetite, which is perfect for anyone who’s training hard but struggles to eat enough calories and protein. If you have a naturally low appetite, MK-677 can make it much easier to consume the fuel you need for muscle growth and recovery.

Fat Loss:

For fat loss, MOTS-c + Semaglutide is a great stack. MOTS-c helps with fat metabolism, and Semaglutide helps control appetite, making it easier to stick to a calorie-restricted diet for sustainable fat loss.

Another effective stack is CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin + Semaglutide. The CJC-1295 and Ipamorelin combo promotes growth hormone release, which supports fat burning and muscle preservation, while Semaglutide helps control hunger, making fat loss a little easier.

If belly fat is a particular concern, consider Tesamorelin + Semaglutide. Tesamorelin boosts growth hormone, especially around the abdominal area, reducing visceral fat (that deep belly fat). This stack is great for targeting stubborn belly fat while still promoting overall fat loss.

Recovery & Healing:

When it comes to recovery, BPC-157 + TB-500 is an incredible combo. BPC-157 is known as the king of healing peptides. It helps speed up tissue repair, reduce inflammation, and regenerate muscles, ligaments, and tendons. TB-500 works alongside it to promote wound healing and cell regeneration, further reducing inflammation and speeding up recovery from injuries. Together, these peptides help you heal faster and get back to your workouts with less downtime.

Cognitive Function:

If you’re looking to boost your brainpower, Cerebrolysin + Semax is a solid stack. Cerebrolysin enhances brain function by promoting neuroplasticity and stimulating growth factors to protect and regenerate brain cells, improving memory and mental clarity. On the other hand, Semax enhances memory, reduces stress, and improves focus by increasing BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor).

A great approach is to use Semax daily for consistent cognitive benefits and Cerebrolysin on alternate days for neuroprotection and brain regeneration. This way, you’re supporting your brain health and mental performance consistently.

Peptide stacking can be an incredibly powerful tool when used correctly, helping you achieve your fitness, recovery, and cognitive goals faster and more efficiently. However, it’s vital to understand the potential risks and make sure you’re combining peptides that complement each other rather than counteracting each other’s effects. Always be mindful of the peptides you’re stacking.

Thanks for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you found this episode helpful, be sure to subscribe and leave a review. And as always, have a happy, healthy week.

We're huge advocates of elevating your health game with nutrition, supplements, and vitamins. Whether it's a daily boost or targeted support, we trust and use Momentous products to supercharge our wellness journey. 

Momentous only uses the highest-quality ingredients, and every single product is rigorously tested by independent third parties to ensure their products deliver on their promise to bring you the best supplements on the market.

Today, we’re venturing into a topic that many of us might not think about — parasite and worm infections. These unseen invaders can wreak havoc on your health, yet often go unnoticed for a long time. And, despite all the supplements and peptide therapies we might be using to optimize our health, we may still be missing something very important: a potential parasite or worm infection.

In this episode, we’ll explore the signs and symptoms of these infections, how you can acquire them, and why we should consider them even if we’re doing everything "right" in terms of diet and wellness.

Let’s get into it!

First things first—what are parasites and worms, and how are they different?.

A parasite is any organism that lives on or inside another organism, known as a host, and benefits at the host’s expense. Parasites can be microscopic or visible to the naked eye.

Parasites can take many forms, including:

• Protozoa (single-celled organisms like Plasmodium that causes malaria)

• Helminths (worms like roundworms, tapeworms, and flatworms)

• Ectoparasites (organisms like fleas, lice, or ticks that live on the host's skin or surface). They usually don’t infect other parts of your body.

When people refer to worm infections, they are typically talking about helminth infections. Helminths are a specific type of parasite, and they are multicellular organisms that can be categorized into three main types:

1. Roundworms (e.g., hookworms, pinworms, and threadworms)

2. Tapeworms

3. Flukes (flatworms)

So, all worm infections are parasitic, but not all parasites are worms.

What are the symptoms of parasitic infections?

So, how can you tell if you have a parasite/protozoa or a worm infection? Let’s talk about signs and symptoms.

Signs of a parasite infection can be a bit tricky because they often mimic other illnesses or conditions. You might experience:

• Diarrhea (sometimes with blood or mucus)

• Stomach cramps or bloating

• Fatigue

• Unexplained weight loss

• Skin rashes or itching

• Nausea or vomiting

• Fever

• Visible worms in stools or around the anus

• Itchy anus (especially with pinworm infections)

• Coughing or chest pain (in the case of certain lung-dwelling worms)

Parasites can also affect your mood and mental health, causing things like anxiety or brain fog due to the toxins they release in your body.

While some worm infections can be obvious, others may linger for years without being detected, causing slow, gradual damage to the body.

How do you get parasitic infections?

So, how do we acquire these infections? There are several ways you can pick up a parasite or worm, and it often depends on where you live, what you eat, and what activities you engage in. Let’s break it down:

• Traveling: Traveling to areas with poor sanitation increases the risk of contracting Giardia and Cryptosporidium, two protozoan parasites commonly found in contaminated water or food. These parasites can lead to traveler’s diarrhea, causing symptoms like severe stomach cramps, bloating, nausea, and frequent watery diarrhea. In some cases, infections can lead to dehydration and fatigue, making it important to take precautions like drinking bottled water and avoiding undercooked food while traveling.

• Eating undercooked meat or fish: Undercooked pork or fish can harbor parasitic larvae, such as Trichinella in pork and Anisakis (Anne-e-sakis) in fish. When consumed, these parasites can survive in the digestive system and begin to infect the body. For example, Trichinella can cause trichinosis, leading to symptoms like muscle pain and fever, while Anisakis can cause abdominal pain and nausea. Properly cooking these meats to safe temperatures can kill the parasites and prevent infection.

• Contaminated Soil: Certain parasites, like hookworms, can enter your body through small breaks or pores in the skin if you walk barefoot on contaminated soil. Areas where you are most likely to encounter hookworms in soil include Southeast Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America (especially Central and South America), Caribbean Islands, and Southern United States (especially in areas with poor sanitation).

• Insects: Mosquitoes and other insects can transmit diseases caused by parasites, such as Plasmodium, the parasite responsible for malaria. Similarly, ticks can carry parasites like Babesia (buh-bee-zee-ah), which causes babesiosis (buh-bee-zee-OH-sis)

• Close contact: Some parasites are spread through human-to-human contact, especially in crowded or unsanitary conditions (e.g., schools, daycares, campgrounds, public restrooms, and nursing homes). For example, pinworms can be contracted by anyone, though they are most often seen in children. They are highly contagious, and you can acquire them through contact with contaminated surfaces or even from sharing bedding.

How are parasitic infections diagnosed?

Healthcare providers look for the parasites themselves or signs of them, such as their eggs, in your body fluids or tissues. To check for parasites, your provider might take samples from different areas, including:

• Your stool 

• Blood

• Skin or any affected tissue

• Phlegm (sputum)

• Fluid around your brain and spinal cord (CNS fluid)

In some cases, your provider might also use imaging tests like X-rays, MRI, or CT scans to help diagnose a parasitic infection, depending on what symptoms you're experiencing.

Now, this all ties into a bigger picture. Many people are investing heavily in their health these days—through supplements, peptide therapies, and cutting-edge wellness routines. And while these are all beneficial, they can’t always protect us from hidden invaders like parasites and worms.

What’s more, many of the symptoms of a parasite or worm infection can mimic other conditions, and because we often don’t think about these infections, they can go undiagnosed for years. 

If you're dealing with ongoing digestive issues, fatigue, skin problems, or even unexplained brain fog, it might be time to consider that a parasite or worm infection could be behind it—especially if you've recently traveled.

Thanks for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you found this episode helpful, be sure to subscribe and leave a review. And as always, have a happy, healthy week.

We're huge advocates of elevating your health game with nutrition, supplements, and vitamins. Whether it's a daily boost or targeted support, we trust and use Momentous products to supercharge our wellness journey. 

Momentous only uses the highest-quality ingredients, and every single product is rigorously tested by independent third parties to ensure their products deliver on their promise to bring you the best supplements on the market.

Today we’re going to talk about something that could be a game-changer for anyone looking to support their eye health: Visoluten, the retinal bioregulator peptide. 

Bioregulator peptides like Visoluten are gaining attention in the field of regenerative medicine due to their ability to target specific organs or systems in a highly focused and natural way, supporting the body’s inherent healing processes.

So, whether you're someone who’s noticing some age-related vision changes, or you're just keen on taking better care of your eyes, stick around because this episode is for you.

What is Visoluten?

Let's start with the basics. So, what exactly is Visoluten?

Visoluten is a bioregulator peptide, specifically designed to support the health of the retina, the part of the eye responsible for turning light into signals that your brain interprets as vision. This peptide works by supporting metabolic processes in the eye tissues, promoting vision health and helping the eye adapt to extreme conditions—whether that’s stress from overuse, age-related changes, or environmental factors.

How Does Visoluten Work?

So, let’s talk about how Visoluten works. It’s all about regeneration and protection. The peptide supports the metabolic processes within the eye tissues, which helps maintain retinal function and protects the eye from oxidative stress and environmental damage. This is particularly important for maintaining visual health over time. It's a bit like giving your eyes the tools they need to keep themselves healthy, even under stressful conditions.

Visoluten also helps to improve blood circulation in the eye, which ensures that the retina receives all the necessary nutrients and oxygen to function optimally. For anyone dealing with conditions like age-related macular degeneration or diabetic retinopathy, this can be especially beneficial, as those conditions are often linked to poor blood flow and cellular damage.

Now, you may be wondering, where does Visoluten come from? Well, Visoluten is sourced from biologically active peptides extracted from the retina of calves or pigs. This sourcing ensures that the peptides are very similar to those found in the human retina, which makes them highly effective at interacting with human retinal cells.

What is a Typical Visoluten Dose?

When it comes to taking Visoluten, it’s typically available in capsules, with each capsule containing 10 milligrams of the active peptide. The typical dosage varies based on the condition being treated:

• For degenerative diseases like macular degeneration or diabetic retinopathy, the recommended dosage is 1 to 3 capsules, 2 to 3 times daily, for 15 to 30 days.

• For individuals using Visoluten preventatively or to support eye health, especially for those experiencing eye strain, the dosage is typically 1 capsule twice daily, for 15 to 30 days.

• For post-traumatic corneal dystrophy, the recommended dosage is 2 to 3 capsules, 2 to 3 times daily, for 15 to 30 days.

• Some people may choose to continue taking Visoluten long-term, particularly if they have chronic eye conditions or are using it for preventative purposes. 

• After completing a cycle, it is common for people to take a break (such as 1–2 months) before starting another 15 to 30 day cycle, especially for preventive use. 

• Visoluten capsules should be taken 30 minutes before meals to optimize absorption and effectiveness.

Visoluten is generally considered safe for most individuals, but like any supplement, there are certain groups of people who should avoid taking it or take it with caution. Here's a breakdown of who shouldn't take Visoluten and potential allergies to watch out for:

1. Pregnant or Breastfeeding Women There is limited research on the safety of Visoluten during pregnancy or breastfeeding. As a precaution, it’s always best to avoid taking any supplement unless directed by a healthcare provider.

2. Individuals with Allergies to Ingredients: Since Visoluten is derived from animal sources (specifically the retina of calves or pigs), individuals who have allergies to bovine (cow) or porcine (pig) products may need to avoid it. If you know you have such allergies, you should consult with your doctor before taking Visoluten. Some Visoluten capsules may be made with gelatin, which is derived from animal collagen. If you are vegetarian, vegan, or have a gelatin allergy, this could be a concern. Look for vegetarian or non-gelatin capsules, if available.

3. Children:

Visoluten is typically intended for adult use, especially for conditions related to vision or age-related changes. Children under 18 should only take Visoluten under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

It’s also good to know that it’s well tolerated with no reported side effects or complications. 

Visoluten can be an important part of a comprehensive approach to eye health and could be especially useful for individuals looking to prevent or manage retinal conditions. Just remember, it’s always best to speak with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement, especially if you have pre-existing conditions or are already on medication. They’ll help you determine the right dosage for your needs and ensure that it fits well into your health plan.

Thanks for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you found this episode helpful, be sure to subscribe and leave a review. And as always, have a happy, healthy week.

We're huge advocates of elevating your health game with nutrition, supplements, and vitamins. Whether it's a daily boost or targeted support, we trust and use Momentous products to supercharge our wellness journey. 

Momentous only uses the highest-quality ingredients, and every single product is rigorously tested by independent third parties to ensure their products deliver on their promise to bring you the best supplements on the market.

Today we’re diving into an important topic for anyone considering or currently using MOTS-c peptide therapy. We’ll be discussing injection site reactions, a common side effect for many patients. 

Whether you're just starting treatment or have been using MOTS-c for a while, understanding what to expect and how to manage these reactions can make all the difference in your experience. So, stay tuned as we break it all down, from symptoms to solutions, right here on

When it comes to injectable treatments, an injection site reaction refers to any type of irritation or physical response at the spot where the needle enters the skin. For MOTS-c, these reactions can range from mild to moderate, and in rare cases, more severe. Typical reactions include redness, swelling, pain, itching, or a lump at the injection site.

First, let's break down the most common signs of injection site reactions for MOTS-c:

• Redness or Discoloration: This is one of the most commonly reported reactions, where the area around the injection site becomes visibly red or irritated.

• Swelling or Bumps: Another common issue, where a small, sometimes hard lump forms under the skin. This may be accompanied by mild swelling that can last a few hours or up to a day or two.

• Pain or Tenderness: Mild pain is often reported, which can feel like soreness or tenderness at the injection site, typically disappearing after a short while.

• Itching or Rash: Itching can occur shortly after the injection, and sometimes a rash may develop, which is usually mild.

Many MOTS-c users experience a temporary reaction that can be uncomfortable but is usually not severe.

The time it takes for the reaction to begin and resolve can vary. 

Most injection site reactions appear within a few minutes to a few hours after the injection. In the case of MOTS-c, users usually feel tenderness or notice redness and swelling shortly after the injection. It’s not uncommon for mild itching to follow within a few minutes as well.

For many people, the reaction will last anywhere from a few hours to two days. Redness and swelling usually start to subside within 12 to 24 hours. The lump or bump that forms under the skin may take a little longer to disappear, anywhere from 1 to 2 days.

While most reactions are short-lived and relatively mild, they can be bothersome to some. However, there are things you can do to help minimize discomfort and speed up recovery.

How to Manage Injection Site Reactions 

If you're experiencing an injection site reaction, don’t panic. There are a few strategies you can use to make the process more comfortable:

1. Ice Packs and Heat Pads: Right after the injection, applying a cold compress can help with swelling and pain. After a few hours, you can switch to a warm compress to help ease any lingering discomfort or swelling. Be sure to wrap the ice or heat pack in a cloth to avoid direct contact with your skin.

2. Massage: Gently massaging the area can sometimes help disperse the fluid build-up under the skin, especially if you’re dealing with a small lump. Just make sure to wait for a few hours after the injection before gently rubbing the area. This allows the initial inflammation and discomfort to settle down a bit before applying pressure to the site. When you do begin rubbing, use gentle, intermittent circular motions. Don’t massage continuously or too aggressively. Avoid applying too much pressure, as that can worsen the swelling or cause additional irritation.  A few short minutes should be enough to help.

3. Topical Creams: Some users find relief from topical hydrocortisone cream or anti-itch ointments for soothing the area if itching or irritation is a problem. Be cautious, though—apply sparingly to avoid causing further irritation.

4. Rotate Injection Sites: One of the best ways to prevent persistent reactions is by rotating injection sites. This helps to ensure that no one area of the skin becomes overly irritated or scarred. It also gives each site time to heal before being used again.

5. Proper Injection Technique: If you’re administering the injection yourself, make sure to follow all the instructions for proper technique. Using a clean needle and making sure the injection is done at the right angle can reduce the risk of complications and minimize irritation.

If you experience any signs of a possible allergic reaction, such as hives, a rash, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue, or symptoms of infection like pus, fever, or chills, it's important to contact your healthcare provider immediately. They may suggest an alternative treatment or provide guidance on how to manage the reaction safely.

Just remember, injection site reactions are a known side effect of MOTS-c therapy. The key is to be prepared and proactive. Understanding what to expect and knowing how to manage the discomfort can make your experience with MOTS-c much better.

 Thanks for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you found this episode helpful, be sure to subscribe and leave a review. And as always, have a happy, healthy week.

We're huge advocates of elevating your health game with nutrition, supplements, and vitamins. Whether it's a daily boost or targeted support, we trust and use Momentous products to supercharge our wellness journey. 

Momentous only uses the highest-quality ingredients, and every single product is rigorously tested by independent third parties to ensure their products deliver on their promise to bring you the best supplements on the market.

In today’s episode, we’re going to talk about a substance that has been around for centuries but is currently gaining some attention in the health and wellness community: methylene blue.

You might have heard of it as a chemical used in labs or even in aquariums as a disinfectant or anti-fungal, but what is it actually?

We’ll break it all down, talk about its potential benefits, and explore the side effects. We’ll also get into why some people respond to methylene blue and others don’t. So, let’s jump right in!

What is Methylene Blue?

So, first things first, what exactly is methylene blue? Well, it's a synthetic dye that was first created back in the late 1800s. It was first synthesized in 1876 by a German chemist named Heinrich Caro. It was initially used as a dye for fabrics, but it didn’t take long for scientists to realize that it had some remarkable medicinal properties.

One of the first medical uses of methylene blue was as a treatment for malaria. In fact, it was the first synthetic drug used to treat the disease. Malaria, caused by a parasite spread by mosquitoes, was a major health crisis, particularly in tropical regions. Methylene blue was used as an antimalarial treatment because of its ability to interfere with the parasite's life cycle.

In addition to treating malaria, methylene blue was also used as a diagnostic tool. It was used in medical imaging and as a staining agent in laboratories. Its bright blue color made it easy to see in different biological samples, which helped researchers track the progress of diseases and study cellular structures.

Later, in the 20th century, methylene blue found other uses in medicine, such as in the treatment of methemoglobinemia, a condition where the blood can’t effectively carry oxygen. It was found to be effective in treating this condition by helping to restore the blood’s ability to carry oxygen.

How Does Methylene Blue Work?

Methylene blue boosts mitochondrial function by enhancing cytochrome c oxidase, a key enzyme involved in energy production. This helps cells produce more ATP, increasing overall energy and vitality. Additionally, it affects nitric oxide (NO) levels in the body, influencing blood vessel dilation and oxygen delivery.

Let’s talk a little science here. 

Because methylene blue can inhibit nitric oxide synthase (NOS), particularly endothelial NOS (eNOS), it may reduce nitric oxide production and cause vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels). While this may help manage conditions like sepsis or shock, it can also limit nitric oxide's vasodilatory benefits. The compound also supports nitric oxide recycling by enhancing mitochondrial function, indirectly benefiting blood flow and oxygen delivery.

The Potential Benefits of Methylene Blue

So, what are the potential benefits of methylene blue? Well, let’s break them down.

Cognitive Function: One of the most exciting areas of research is methylene blue’s potential to improve cognitive function. Some studies suggest that it can enhance memory, focus, and even slow down the progression of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s. Its ability to improve mitochondrial function means your brain cells could be getting more energy, which could lead to better cognitive performance.

Anti-Aging: As we mentioned earlier, its antioxidant properties can help protect cells from oxidative stress, which plays a big role in the aging process. By mitigating this stress, methylene blue may have anti-aging effects on both the brain and the body.

Mental Clarity and Mood: Some users report improvements in mood and mental clarity after using methylene blue. This could be linked to its effects on mitochondrial health and energy production, but there’s still much more research to be done.

Cellular Health and Longevity: Beyond just improving cognitive function, methylene blue is also being studied for its broader impact on overall cellular health. The idea is that by improving mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress, it could help to slow down the aging of all types of cells in your body, potentially promoting longevity.

So, yeah, sounds pretty cool, right? But, like anything, it’s not all sunshine and rainbows. Let’s talk about some potential side effects and who may not respond well to methylene blue.

The Side Effects of Methylene Blue and Why Some Don’t Respond to Methylene Blue

As promising as methylene blue sounds, there are some side effects that come with it. For one, high doses of methylene blue can be toxic, so it’s important to be cautious with its use. Some people may experience symptoms like nausea, dizziness, or headaches. Additionally, it can cause skin discoloration—yep, your skin might turn a bit blue, though it’s temporary.

Now, one of the more interesting things about methylene blue is that not everyone responds to it the same way. Some people see significant benefits, while others might not feel much of anything. There are a few reasons for this.

First, individual genetics can play a big role. People have different levels of mitochondrial efficiency and varying abilities to process certain compounds, which means that some might not experience the same boost in energy or mental clarity that others do.

Secondly, the dosage matters. Methylene blue has a pretty narrow therapeutic window, meaning too little might not have much effect, and too much can lead to toxicity. Finding the right dose is key, and that’s where a healthcare provider or a practitioner familiar with it comes in handy.

Lastly, if someone has certain conditions, like serotonin syndrome or G6PD deficiency, they should avoid methylene blue, as it can exacerbate those conditions. For example, methylene blue can increase serotonin levels, which could lead to serotonin syndrome in some individuals, a potentially life-threatening condition.

What About Methylene Blue Dosing

High doses of methylene blue can affect several systems in the body and potentially lead to significant side effects or toxicity. Here’s an overview of the areas where high doses can have an impact:

1. Kidneys

• Renal toxicity: High doses of methylene blue may cause oxidative stress in kidney cells, leading to kidney damage or acute kidney injury (AKI), especially in individuals with pre-existing kidney issues.

• Hemolysis risk: Methylene blue, particularly at higher doses, can cause hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells), leading to the release of hemoglobin, which can overwhelm the kidneys and cause kidney damage.

2. Central Nervous System

• Confusion and agitation: Large doses of methylene blue can cause neurotoxicity, leading to symptoms like confusion, agitation, and even delirium.

• Headaches: A common side effect at higher doses, possibly due to its effects on blood flow and serotonin levels.

• Seizures: There is a risk of seizures at high doses, especially if the person is already predisposed to neurological issues or is combining methylene blue with other medications that affect the central nervous system.

3. Cardiovascular System

• Hypertension (High Blood Pressure): Methylene blue can potentially increase blood pressure due to its ability to inhibit nitric oxide production, leading to vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels). This is more pronounced at higher doses.

• Arrhythmias: High doses may also lead to heart arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats) due to its influence on vascular tone and nitric oxide pathways.

4. Serotonin Levels

• Serotonin Syndrome: High doses of methylene blue can elevate serotonin levels in the brain. This could potentially lead to serotonin syndrome, a life-threatening condition characterized by symptoms such as agitation, high body temperature, rapid heart rate, and muscle rigidity. This is especially a concern if methylene blue is combined with other serotonergic drugs, like SSRIs, SNRIs, or MAO inhibitors.

5. Gastrointestinal System

• Nausea and vomiting: High doses of methylene blue can irritate the stomach and cause gastrointestinal discomfort, including nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

• Diarrhea: Some people may also experience diarrhea as a side effect of higher doses.

6. Skin and Mucous Membranes

• Discoloration: Methylene blue is known to stain skin and mucous membranes. High doses can cause blue discoloration of the skin, tongue, and urine, though this is not harmful and is usually temporary.

7. Liver

• Liver toxicity: There is some evidence that high doses of methylene blue might place extra strain on the liver, as it is metabolized by the liver. In extreme cases, this could lead to hepatotoxicity (liver damage), though this is rare and more likely with prolonged use.

Where Can I Buy Methylene Blue?

Alright, so when you're buying methylene blue, it's super important to get it from a trusted source. Why? Because if you're getting a product that’s low quality, it could have impurities or the wrong concentration, and that totally messes with the health benefits. Methylene blue is used in everything from research to nootropics, and its effectiveness really depends on how pure and potent it is. 

That’s why you want to go with a reputable retailer—like MitoZen, which Chase Hughes actually mentioned on Joe Rogan’s podcast. They’ve got strict standards for quality, so you can trust you’re getting the real deal, the right dosage, and none of those unwanted side effects from shady products.

Thanks for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you found this episode helpful, be sure to subscribe and leave a review. And as always, have a happy, healthy week.

Today we're diving into insulin resistance—a condition that affects millions but often goes unnoticed until it leads to more serious health issues like type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. 

Understanding what it is, how it develops, and how to manage it is important for maintaining overall health.

What is insulin?

Let's start with the basics. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels by facilitating the entry of glucose into cells for energy. When someone has insulin resistance, their body's cells don't respond properly to insulin, leading to elevated blood sugar levels.

This means the pancreas has to produce more insulin to achieve the same effect, resulting in higher insulin levels in the blood—a condition known as hyperinsulinemia. Over time, this can lead to type 2 diabetes if not addressed.

What causes insulin resistance?

So, what causes insulin resistance? Several factors contribute, including:

• Obesity: Excess fat, especially around the abdomen, can interfere with insulin's action.​

• Physical Inactivity: A sedentary lifestyle reduces the body's sensitivity to insulin.​

• Poor Diet: Diets high in processed foods and sugars can contribute to insulin resistance.​

• Genetics: A family history of insulin resistance or diabetes or belonging to Black, Asian, and/or Hispanic ethnic groups can increase the risk.

It's also important to note that certain health conditions, like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and gestational diabetes (diabetes in pregnancy) can be associated with insulin resistance. Chronic stress and steroid medication use can also increase a person’s risk of insulin resistance.

What are the signs and symptoms of insulin resistance?

Now, let's talk about the signs and symptoms. Insulin resistance often develops gradually and may not present noticeable symptoms initially. However, some indicators include:

• Irregular menstrual cycle

• Hirsutism (excessive body hair)

• Dark Patches of Skin (Acanthosis nigricans): Areas like the neck or armpits may develop dark, velvety patches in the skin folds or creases.

• Weight gain: As glucose levels increase in the blood, the body tries to remove it by storing the excess in the liver and muscles. The excess glucose gets stored as fat.

Let’s talk about this process a little more in depth. When you consume food, your body breaks it down into glucose, which is the primary source of energy for your cells. After eating, glucose enters your bloodstream, raising your blood sugar levels. To help regulate this, your pancreas releases insulin, a hormone that signals your cells to absorb glucose for energy or storage.

Now, here's how excess glucose gets stored as fat:

1. Energy Needs Met: Your body uses glucose to fuel immediate energy needs, like physical activity or basic bodily functions. But when there’s more glucose than the body can use right away, it needs to store the excess.

2. Liver and Muscle Storage: The first place the body stores extra glucose is in the liver and muscles. This glucose is stored as glycogen, which is a form of glucose that can be quickly accessed for energy when needed.

3. Conversion to Fat: However, there’s a limit to how much glycogen the liver and muscles can store. Once these storage spaces are full, the body starts converting the remaining excess glucose into fat. This process is called lipogenesis. The glucose molecules are turned into fatty acids, which are then stored in fat cells (adipocytes) throughout your body.

4. Insulin's Role in Fat Storage: High levels of insulin, which can occur when you’re eating a lot of sugar or processed carbs, promote fat storage. Insulin doesn’t just help glucose enter cells—it also signals fat cells to store fat, preventing the body from breaking down stored fat for energy.

Over time, when you consistently consume more glucose than your body can burn, this leads to an accumulation of fat, particularly in areas like the abdomen. This is why excessive carbohydrate consumption, especially refined sugars and processed foods, can contribute to weight gain and fat storage in the body.

Essentially, the body is designed to store extra energy for times when food isn’t as readily available—but when this process happens too often (like in the case of chronic overeating or poor dietary habits), it can lead to fat buildup and weight gain.

What are the complications of insulin resistance?

• Metabolic Syndrome: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of symptoms that includes high blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess abdominal fat, and abnormal cholesterol levels, which increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes.

• Prediabetes: Elevated blood sugar levels that aren't yet high enough to be classified as diabetes.​

• Fasting blood sugar: Between 100 and 125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L).

• Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): A 2-hour blood sugar level between 140 and 199 mg/dL (7.8 to 11.0 mmol/L) after drinking a glucose solution.

• Hemoglobin A1C: Between 5.7% and 6.4%.

• Type 2 Diabetes: A chronic condition where the body becomes resistant to insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels.​ To diagnose diabetes using fasting blood sugar or A1C, two separate readings that meet the diagnostic criteria are required. 

• A fasting blood sugar level of 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or higher on two separate occasions.

• An A1C level of 6.5% or higher on two separate occasions.

As you can see, It's crucial to address insulin resistance early to prevent these complications.

While there's no direct test for insulin resistance, healthcare providers often assess risk factors and may use blood tests to evaluate blood sugar levels and insulin sensitivity.

The good news is that insulin resistance can often be managed or even reversed through lifestyle changes. Key strategies include:

• Regular Physical Activity: Engaging in consistent exercise helps improve insulin sensitivity.​

• Healthy Diet: Focusing on a balanced diet rich in vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains can aid in managing insulin resistance. ​

• Weight Management: Losing excess weight, especially abdominal fat, can significantly improve insulin sensitivity.​ Ideally, aim for 30 minutes of physical activity on most days of the week.

• Stress Management: Chronic stress can worsen insulin resistance, so incorporating stress-reducing activities is beneficial. (e.g., meditation, deep breathing, mindfulness, exercise, sleep management).

Thanks for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you found this episode helpful, be sure to subscribe and leave a review. And as always, have a happy, healthy week.

We're huge advocates of elevating your health game with nutrition, supplements, and vitamins. Whether it's a daily boost or targeted support, we trust and use Momentous products to supercharge our wellness journey. 

Momentous only uses the highest-quality ingredients, and every single product is rigorously tested by independent third parties to ensure their products deliver on their promise to bring you the best supplements on the market.