CD Voice

英语新闻｜做好准备应对新冠新形势

China's recent shifts in COVID-19 control strategy are well-paced, with sufficient preparatory work in place to handle the resulting surge in medical demand, authorities said on Thursday.

我国政府周四表示，中国最近对新冠控制策略的转变进展顺利，已做好充分的准备工作来应对由此产生的医疗需求激增。

With the epidemic progressing rapidly, they added that the country has counted and will always count and publish the COVID-19 death toll in a transparent and fact-based manner.

随着疫情的迅速发展，他们补充说，我国已经并将始终以透明和基于事实的方式统计和公布新冠死亡人数。

Wu Zunyou, chief epidemiologist at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said at a news briefing that outbreaks in cities like Beijing and Tianjin as well as Chengdu, Sichuan province, have peaked.

中国疾病预防控制中心流行病学首席专家吴尊友在新闻发布会上说，北京、天津和四川成都等城市的疫情已经达到高峰。

Increased movement during the Spring Festival travel rush and circulation of other respiratory diseases will make the situation more challenging, he said. "Localities are closely monitoring and analyzing outbreaks and strive to reduce disruption to normal lives and production."

他说，春运期间流动性增加以及其他呼吸道疾病的传播将使形势更加严峻。 “各地正在密切监测和分析疫情，努力减少对正常生活和生产的干扰。”

China has adjusted its COVID-19 strategy and gradually eased curbs since November, leading to concerns over the challenges posed to the resilience of a healthcare system serving a dense and massive population.

自11月以来，中国调整了其新冠战略并逐步放松限制措施，这引发了人们对服务于密集且庞大人口的医疗保健系统的弹性所面临挑战的担忧。

Jiao Yahui, deputy director of the National Health Commission's medical administration bureau, said that the country's overall medical system has not reached full capacity and is not under widespread strain, although some cities have faced a shortage of medical supplies during infection peaks.

国家卫生健康委员会医政局副局长焦亚辉表示，尽管部分城市在感染高峰期面临医疗物资短缺，但国家整体医疗体系尚未达到满负荷状态，并未普遍承受压力。

"We had foreseen a spike in medical demand (after the policy shift) and have been stepping up preparedness," she said.

“我们曾预见到医疗需求会激增（在政策转变之后），并且一直在加强准备工作，”她说。

For instance, community and rural health institutions have all been required to set up fever clinics, and the number of facilities accepting fever patients at secondary and tertiary hospitals has increased to about 57,000.

例如，要求社区和农村卫生机构全部设立发热门诊，二级、三级医院发热门诊机构增至5.7万个左右。

"Makeshift hospitals and nucleic acid testing booths can also be repurposed to function as temporary fever clinics, in order to meet the needs of patients," she said.

她说：“方舱医院和核酸检测站也可以改造成临时发热门诊，以满足患者的需要。”

Authorities have also beefed up production and distribution of medications, and residents can purchase medicines either online or at bricks-and-mortar pharmacies.

当局还加强了药品的生产和分配，居民可以在网上或实体药店购买药品。

Jiao said the number of intensive care beds has reached 181,000 nationwide, and more emergency medical equipment, ranging from respirators to high-flow oxygen devices, has been added.

焦说，全国重症监护病床数量已达到18.1万张，并增加了从呼吸机到高流量氧气设备等更多紧急医疗设备。

To alleviate pressure in hard-hit regions, Jiao said a cross-regional assistance mechanism devoted to mobilizing critical care resources has been set up.

焦说，为减轻重灾区的压力，已经建立了专门调动重症监护资源的跨区域援助机制。

As China is set to lift quarantine and testing demands for incoming travelers on Jan 8, Jiao said that being well prepared means that the opening up of borders won't overwhelm its medical system.

由于中国将于1月8日取消对入境旅客的检疫和检测要求，焦说，做好充分准备意味着边境开放不会压垮其医疗系统。

Spike

英[spaɪk]；美[spaɪk]

n. 猛增；急升

Downgrade

英[ˌdaʊnˈɡreɪd]；美[ˌdaʊnˈɡreɪd]

v. 使降职；使降级

Perimeter

英[pəˈrɪmɪtə(r)]；美[pəˈrɪmɪtər]

n. 外缘，边缘

The characteristic flushed cheeks and occasional sheen of sweat on someone who’s been imbibing certainly suggest that alcohol has an effect on body temperature, but when you drink an alcoholic beverage, does it really warm you up?

喝完酒后，脸颊泛红，微微出汗，确实给人一种暖和起来的感觉。然而，喝酒真能暖身吗？

Alcohol is a vasodilator. It causes your blood vessels to dilate, particularly the capillaries just under the surface of your skin. When you have a drink, the volume of blood brought to the skin's surface increases, making you feel warm. That dilation is why slightly or exceedingly intoxicated people look flushed.

酒精会引起血管扩张，尤其是皮肤下的毛细血管。喝酒后，输送到皮肤表面的血液量增加，从而让人感受到热量。也正是因为血管的扩张，所以人们喝酒后会面色潮红。

This overrides one of your body’s defenses against cold temperatures: Constricting your blood vessels, thereby minimizing blood flow to your skin in order to keep your core body temperature up.

但人体面对低温气候时，会天然地选择收缩血管，减少流向皮肤的血液，以保持身体的核心体温。而喝酒带来的血管扩张却阻碍了人体自然的防御措施。

Someone enjoying a drink in the cold may feel warmer from the extra blood warming his skin, but that blood will rapidly cool thanks to the chill in the air.

在冬天小酌一杯，或许会因为额外输送来的血液而让皮肤变暖，达到驱寒的目的，但冷空气会迅速使血液冷却下来。

The warmth caused by blood rushing to the skin will also make him sweat, decreasing his core temperature even further.

另外，喝酒后，皮肤感受到热量，会给大脑发送错误信息：“我现在很热”，从而做出降温的举措。血液涌向皮肤，带来热量，让人开始流汗，更进一步降低核心温度。

Compounded with the cognitive effects of alcohol, serious complications can arise. The rapid drop often occurs without the drinker realizing it, because his skin will still feel fairly warm, which makes it doubly dangerous to drink alcohol in extremely cold weather.

除此之外，酒精还阻碍了身体尝试获取热量的另一个途径——发抖。发抖会让肌肉在短时间内不断收紧和放松，相较于待着一动不动，这会促使肌肉运动而产生热量，让人感到温暖。

But, drinking alcohol in chilly weather reduces the body’s ability and tendency to shiver, taking away yet another method your body uses to help keep warm when it is cold.

在冬天喝酒则会降低身体的调节能力，抑制颤抖的本能，让人在寒冷时无法保持温暖。

vasodilator

英[ˌveɪzəʊˈdaɪleɪtə]；美[vasodilator]

n. 血管舒张剂

capillary

英[kəˈpɪləri]；美[ˈkæpəleri]

n.毛细血管

complication

英[ˌkɒmplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n]；美[ˌkɑːmplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n]

n. 并发症

英语新闻｜我国在疫苗接种方面迈出了一大步

From offering the world's first inhaled COVID-19 vaccines and developing Omicron-targeted vaccines to rolling out second booster shots and targeted immunization plans for seniors, China's vaccination efforts have gained steam this year, according to authorities.

据有关部门称，从提供世界上第一个吸入式新冠疫苗和开发奥密克戎靶向疫苗，到推出第二次加强针和针对老年人的针对性免疫计划，中国的疫苗接种工作在今年取得了一系列进展。

The country started 2022 with a strong arsenal to fight COVID-19, with seven domestically developed vaccines available. Two of the vaccines were deployed globally after gaining approval for use from the World Health Organization.

我国从2022年开始拥有强大的武器库来对抗新冠，并提供了七种国内开发的疫苗。其中两种疫苗在获得世界卫生组织批准后在全球部署。

Chinese researchers also raced to provide a wider variety of vaccines, including doses administered through the mouth or nose, to keep up with new mutations of the novel coronavirus.

中国研究人员还竞相提供更多种类的疫苗，包括通过口或鼻给药的剂量，以跟上新型冠状病毒的新突变。

"Recently, China granted conditional approval to five COVID-19 vaccines and emergency use authorization to eight vaccines," Huang Guo, deputy director of the National Medical Products Administration, said at a news briefing on Dec 20.

国家药品监督管理局副局长黄果在12月20日的新闻发布会上说：“最近，中国有条件批准了五种新冠疫苗和八种疫苗的紧急使用授权。”

Li Bin, vice-minister of the National Health Commission, said that China has maintained a steady pace in updating its COVID-19 policy.

国家卫生委员会副主任李斌表示，中国在更新其新冠政策方面一直保持稳定的步伐。

"We have advanced vaccination and booster shot campaigns, developed and approved a number of vaccines and provided different combinations," he said.

“我们推进了疫苗接种和加强注射活动，开发并批准了多种疫苗，并提供了不同的组合，”他说。

On Sept 4, China became the first country to grant emergency-use approval to an inhalable COVID-19 vaccine made by CanSino Biologics based in Tianjin. The vaccine can only be used as a booster.

9月4日，中国成为第一个批准紧急使用天津CanSino Biologics生产的可吸入新冠疫苗的国家，该疫苗只能用作加强剂。

The vaccine delivers a dose through a puff of air from a nebulizer and is inhaled through the mouth.

该疫苗通过喷雾器的一股空气输送剂量，并通过口腔吸入。

Sunney Xie Xiaoliang, a biophysical chemist at Peking University and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that by stimulating immune responses in the nasal cavity where respiratory pathogens first enter, inhaled or nasal spray vaccines are showing promise in fending off infections.

北京大学生物物理化学家、中国科学院院士谢晓亮表示，通过刺激呼吸道病原体最先进入的鼻腔中的免疫反应，吸入或鼻喷疫苗有希望抵御感染。

"Using it as a booster shot can also trigger higher levels of humoral immunity as well as cellular immunity, which are potentially capable of clearing the virus within a shorter period," he added.

他补充说：“将其用作加强针还可以触发更高水平的体液免疫和细胞免疫，这有可能在更短的时间内清除病毒。”

On Dec 2, a nasal spray vaccine jointly developed by Xiamen University in Fujian province, Hong Kong University and the Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise was also cleared for emergency use.

12月2日，由福建省厦门大学、香港大学和北京万泰生物制药企业联合研制的鼻喷疫苗也获批应急使用。

The nasal spray's main use is as a second booster for the elderly, according to the State Council's Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism.

根据国务院联防联控机制，鼻腔喷雾剂的主要用途是作为老年人的第二次加强针。

In Beijing's Xicheng district, Tang Ying, a community health center worker, said entire afternoons are usually assigned to delivering nasal spray vaccines. The center also provides door-to-door services for seniors.

在北京西城区，社区卫生服务中心工作人员唐颖说，他们整个下午通常都用来运送鼻腔喷雾疫苗，该中心还为老年人提供上门服务。

More vaccines using different technologies or providing stronger protection against COVID-19 variants are in the pipeline.

更多使用不同技术或针对新冠病毒变体提供更强保护的疫苗正在研发中。

As the highly transmissible but less virulent Omicron variant spreads across the country, clinical trials on three domestically developed inactivated vaccines tailored to counter it have begun on the Chinese mainland and in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the United Arab Emirates.

随着高传播性但毒性较低的奥密克戎变种病毒在全国蔓延，针对该病毒量身定制的三种国产灭活疫苗的临床试验已在中国大陆、香港特别行政区和阿拉伯联合酋长国展开。

Another approach being tested by scientists is vaccines designed to protect against multiple strains. Authorities said that three out of the nine multivalent vaccine candidates have entered the third stage of clinical trials.

科学家正在测试的另一种方法是设计用于预防多种毒株的疫苗。当局表示，九个多价候选疫苗中的三个已进入临床试验的第三阶段。

China's quest to invent vaccines based on the messenger RNA technology is also making progress.

中国基于mRNA技术研制疫苗的努力也在取得进展。

Walvax Biotechnology, a drugmaker based in Yunnan province, said on Sept 30 that its mRNA vaccine, developed with Suzhou Abogen Biosciences, had been approved for emergency use in Indonesia.

总部位于云南省的制药商Walvax Biotechnology于9月30日表示，其与Suzhou Abogen Biosciences开发的mRNA疫苗已获准在印度尼西亚紧急使用。

The company said recently that it has built a production plant capable of manufacturing mRNA vaccines in Yuxi, Yunnan.

该公司最近表示，已在云南玉溪建设了一个能够生产mRNA疫苗的生产厂。

Health authorities have also fine-tuned the country's immunization protocols this year, based on the latest studies on vaccine efficacy and safety.

卫生当局今年还根据对疫苗功效和安全性的最新研究微调了我国的免疫方案。

Zheng Zhongwei, head of the country's vaccine development task force, said during a recent interview that the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention has monitored adverse reactions to the 3.4 billion doses administered on the mainland. The rate of adverse reaction of COVID-19 vaccines is on par with that of other commonly administered vaccines, while the rate among the elderly is slightly lower than that of younger people, he said.

中国疫苗研制工作组组长郑忠伟最近接受采访时说，中国疾病预防控制中心监测了大陆接种的34亿剂疫苗的不良反应。他说，新冠疫苗的不良反应率与其他常用疫苗的不良反应率相当，而老年人的不良反应率略低于年轻人。

Globally, China has supplied over 2.2 billion vaccine doses to more than 120 countries and international organizations, Zheng added.

郑补充说，在全球范围内，中国已向120多个国家和国际组织提供了超过22亿剂疫苗。

With major COVID-19 control policy adjustments underway, experts said that the emphasis of vaccination work in the near future is further boosting immunization coverage among the elderly and vulnerable groups.

随着新冠防控政策的重大调整，专家表示，近期疫苗接种工作的重点是进一步提高老年人和弱势群体的免疫覆盖率。

As of Dec 13, the mainland had fully vaccinated 90.37 percent of its population, but the rate was 86.6 percent for those age 60 and above and 66.4 percent for those age 80 and above.

截至12月13日，大陆已为90.37%的人口全面接种疫苗，其中60岁及以上人口接种率为86.6%，80岁及以上人口接种率为66.4%。

On Nov 29, the State Council rolled out an action plan dedicated to expanding vaccination among the elderly. New measures include approving different combinations of vaccine doses, requiring localities to survey their elderly population and improving the convenience of services.

11月29日，国务院出台了一项专门扩大老年人疫苗接种的行动计划。新措施包括批准不同的疫苗剂量组合、要求地方调查其老年人口以及提高服务的便利性。

This month, China also announced it will offer a second booster for the most vulnerable groups, including the elderly, those with severe preexisting illnesses and those with conditions that compromise their immune system.

本月，中国还宣布将为最弱势群体提供第二次加强针，包括老年人、患有严重既往疾病的人和免疫系统受损的人。

Zhang Shuo, a local official of Yinghai township in Beijing, said during an interview with People's Daily on Tuesday that in recent days elderly people appear more willing to get vaccinated.

北京市英海镇地方官员张硕周二在接受人民日报采访时说，最近几天老年人似乎更愿意接种疫苗。

"Previously, quite a number of seniors and their family members had concerns on whether vaccination would worsen their preexisting illnesses and it took great efforts to persuade them," he said.

他说：“此前，不少长者和家人担心接种疫苗会不会加重原有疾病，劝说费了很大力气。”

"But this year, we can tell that their attitudes have obviously changed and they sincerely want to be vaccinated. Most just consult us about questions such as whether high blood pressure and heart disease patients are eligible for immunization," he added.

“但今年，我们可以看出他们的态度明显发生了变化，他们真诚地希望接种疫苗。大多数人会咨询我们一些问题，例如高血压和心脏病患者是否有资格接种疫苗，”他补充说。

Arsenal

英[ˈɑːsənl]；美[ˈɑːrsənl]

n. 兵工厂；武器库；军火库

Tailor

英[ˈteɪlə(r)]；美[ˈteɪlər]

v. 专门制作；订做

pipeline

英[ˈpaɪplaɪn]；美 [ˈpaɪplaɪn]

n. 输油管道，输气管道，输送管线

英语新闻｜出入境政策优化，国际机票搜索量增长850%！

The search volume of international flight tickets is surging in China after the country announced to downgrade the management of COVID-19 from Jan 8, the news website chinanews.com reported on Tuesday.

根据中国新闻网12月28日报道，随着1月8日起出入境相关防控措施的进一步优化，国际机票搜索量迎来翻倍提升。

According to the online travel agency Qunar, the international flight ticket search volume increased sevenfold within 15 minutes after the new COVID-19 management measures were announced, and the hot destinations are Thailand, Japan, and South Korea.

去哪儿数据显示，政策调整消息发布后15分钟内，国际机票搜索量增长了7倍，热门目的地为泰国、日本和韩国。

Data from another online travel platform Ctrip showed that the search volume to popular overseas destinations increased tenfold year-on-year compared with the same period of last year within 30 minutes after the information was announced. Moreover, the search volume of outbound flight tickets and hotels reached a three-year high.

政策调整消息发布后30分钟内，携程平台热门海外目的地搜索量同比大涨10倍，出境(包含中国港澳台)机票搜索均达到3年来峰值。

Some hot tourism destinations' search volume saw rapid growth for the upcoming Spring Festival holiday, which falls on Jan 21 to 27 next year. The top 10 hot destinations are Macao, Hong Kong, Japan, Thailand, South Korea, the US, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, and the UK, according to Ctrip. 

一些热门旅游目的地的搜索量将在即将到来的春节假期（1月21日至1月27日）快速增长。携程的数据显示，前十大热门目的地是澳门、香港、日本、泰国、韩国、美国、新加坡、马来西亚、澳大利亚和英国。

The tourism service provider ly.com said the search volume of international flight tickets jumped 850 percent, and the visa service search volume grew tenfold after the information was announced. Japan, South Korea, and Thailand are the top 3 overseas destinations to Chinese tourists. The hot outbound flight destinations are Bangkok, Tokyo, Seoul, Los Angeles and Singapore.

同程平台数据显示，政策调整消息发布后，该平台国际机票瞬时搜索量增长850%；签证搜索量瞬时增长10倍。中国游客最关注的海外目的地排名前三为日本、韩国、泰国。搜索量最高的出境航班热门目的地主要有曼谷、东京、首尔、洛杉矶和新加坡。

The search users to outbound tourism are mainly from Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, said ly.com.

同程平台数据显示，出境游主要搜索用户来自北京、上海、广州。

The Chinese mainland customers' average spending to outbound flight tickets and high-end hotels increased by 64 percent and 40 percent during nearly half a year, compared with the same period before the COVID-19 epidemic, said Ctrip.

携程数据显示，近半年来内地出境的机票及高端酒店人均花费，较疫情前分别增长了64%和40%。

With tourism supply-side recovery, and inflation control in major economies, the overall price of international flight tickets and outbound hotels is expected to fall back; however, due to the supply-side facilities, and manpower recovery still exists short-term constraints, the price needs time to fall, said the chinanews.com, citing Fang Zeqian, an industry analyst at Trip.com Group.

携程研究院行业分析师方泽茜认为，随着旅游供给侧的恢复，以及全球主要经济体对通胀水平的控制，出境游整体机酒价格有望回落至疫情前水平；但因供给侧设施、人力的恢复仍存在短期约束，因此价格的回落依然需要一些时间。

As the new COVID-19 management measures implementing, and the airline operating capacity recovering, the summer vacation of 2023 may usher in the peak of entry and exit, said chinanews.com, citing Lan Xiang, director of Qunar's data research department.

去哪儿大数据研究院院长兰翔分析称，随着政策落地和航司运营能力的恢复，2023年暑期或将迎来出入境高峰。

Moreover, visa service still has constraints in short-time, said the Ctrip. Although most of the overseas countries have opened their visa applications, due to staff shortages in many embassies and consulates in China, visa applications will be delayed.

签证方面的“供给侧”短期内还存在一定的限制。携程签证相关人士表示，绝大多数海外国家已开放签证办理，但因国内疫情多家领馆人员不足导致办签延迟。

Outbound

英 [ˈaʊtbaʊnd]  美 [ˈaʊtbaʊnd]

adj. 出港的

Manpower

英 [ˈmænpaʊə(r)]  美 [ˈmænpaʊər]

n. 人力

Consulate

英 [ˈkɒnsjələt]  美 [ˈkɑːnsələt]

n. 领事馆

英语新闻｜联合国：明年4月，印度将超越中国成为全球第一人口大国

India is forecast to surpass China as the world's most populous country by mid-April next year, a United Nations report said.

联合国预测印度人口数量将在明年4月中旬超过中国，成为全球第一人口大国。

India saw rapid population growth — almost 2 percent annually — for much of the second half of the last century. The UN projects that India's population will be 1.64 billion by 2050.

路透社报道称，自1947年独立后，印度人口增长了超10亿。从上世纪下半叶开始，印度就一直保持着高速的人口增长，年增长率达到了2%，预计到2050年，印度人口会达到16.4亿。

Yet India is not undergoing a population explosion. India's fertility rate has also fallen substantially in recent decades - from 5.7 births per woman in 1950 to two births per woman today - but the rate of decline has been slower.

报道认为印度不太可能再一次经历人口爆炸，印度的生育率在近几十年里已连续下滑：从1950年每名妇女生育5.7个孩子下降到如今每名妇女生育2个孩子，尽管这一下降速度相对其他亚洲国家和地区来说偏慢。

According to BBC, one in five people below 25 years in the world is from India and 47 percent of Indians are below the age of 25. "This generation of young Indians will be the largest consumer and labor source in the knowledge and network goods economy. Indians will be the largest pool of global talent," says Shruti Rajagopalan, an economist, in a new paper.

据英国广播公司（BBC）报道，世界上25岁以下的人口中有五分之一来自印度，47%的印度人年龄在25岁以下。经济学家什鲁蒂·拉贾戈帕兰在一篇新论文中指出：“这一代印度年轻人将成为知识和网络商品经济中最大的消费者和劳动力来源，印度人将成为全球最大的人才库。”

It could, for example, strengthen India's claim of getting a permanent seat in the UN Security Council. "I think you have certain claims on things (by being the country with largest population)," says John Wilmoth, director of the Population Division of the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs.

报道认为，印度超越中国成为人口最大的国家，将更有利于印度争取联合国安理会常任理事国的席位。联合国经济和社会事务部人口司司长约翰•威尔莫斯（John Wilmoth）表示：“（作为人口最多的国家)，我认为你有一定的权利。”

India needs to create enough jobs for its young working age population to reap a demographic dividend. But only 40 percent of of India's working-age population works or wants to work, according to Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE).

印度需要为年轻的劳动年龄人口创造足够的就业机会，来获得人口红利。但根据印度经济监测中心（CMIE）的数据，印度只有40%的劳动年龄人口工作或想要工作。

More women would need jobs as they spend less time in their working age giving birth and looking after children. The picture here is bleaker: only 10 percent of working-age women were participating in the labor force in October, according to CMIE, compared with 69 percent in China.

随着女性生育和照顾孩子的时间变少，更多印度女性需要工作，但她们的境况并不尽如人意。同时，印度经济监测中心数据显示，仅有10%的印度适龄妇女进入了劳动力市场，相比之下，中国的这一数字为69%。

Then there's migration. Some 200 million Indians have migrated within the country — between states and districts — and their numbers are bound to grow. Most are workers who leave villages for cities to find work. "Can our cities provide migrants a reasonable living standard? Otherwise, we will end up with more slums and disease," says S. Irudaya Rajan, a migration expert at Kerala's Center for Development Studies.

然后是移民问题。大约有2亿印度人在国内各地迁移，他们的人数肯定还会增长。大多数是离开农村到城市找工作的工人。“城市能为移民提供尚可的生活水平吗？如果不能，我们最终会有更多的贫民窟和疾病。”印度喀拉拉邦移民与发展国际研究所的移民专家伊鲁达亚·拉詹（S. Irudaya Rajan）说。

Demographers say India also needs to stop child marriages, prevent early marriages and properly register births and deaths. A skewed sex ratio at birth — meaning more boys are born than girls — remains a worry.

人口学家说，印度还需要制止童婚、防止早婚，正确登记出生和死亡人数。出生性别比失衡，男孩比女孩多，这仍然令人担忧。

Demographers say the ageing of India receives little attention. In 1947, India's median age was 21. A paltry 5 percent of people were above the age of 60. Today, the median age is over 28, and more than 10 percent of Indians are over 60 years.

人口学家还表示，印度的老龄化问题很少受到关注。如今，印度年龄中位数超过28岁，超过10%的印度人超过60岁。

"As the working-age population declines, supporting an older population will become a growing burden on the government's resources," says Rukmini S, author of Whole Numbers and Half Truths. "Family structures will have to be recast and elderly persons living alone will become an increasing source of concern," she says.

有学者认为，随着劳动年龄人口的减少，赡养老年人将成为印度政府资源越来越大的负担。家庭结构的变化以及空巢老人的增多带来的问题也将不断地浮出水面。

Populous

英 [ˈpɒpjələs]    美 [ˈpɑpjələs]

adj. 人口众多的

Reap

英 [riːp]       美 [riːp]

v. 获得

Skewed

英[skjuːd]     美[ skjuːd]

adj.有偏颇的

英语新闻丨及时调整抗疫策略

Lifting the strict virus controls by no means indicates the government has surrendered to the virus. Instead, the optimization of the prevention and control measures are in line with the current epidemic situation.

解除严格的防疫封控绝不意味着政府已经向病毒投降了，相反，优化防控措施符合当前的疫情形势。

.

On the one hand, the variants of the novel coronavirus responsible for the current wave of infections are less lethal for most of the population; on the other hand, the economy is in a dire need of a quick reboot and the society of its overdue mobility.

一方面，造成当前感染浪潮的新型冠状病毒变种对大多数人来说致死性已较低；另一方面，经济急需快速重启，社会也迫切需要恢复早该实现的流动性。

However, that is not to ignore the seriousness of the situation. Doing everything possible to reduce the COVID death rate is the pressing need of the new stage of the fight with the novel coronavirus.

不过，这一转变并没有忽视情况的严重性。尽一切可能降低新型冠状病毒感染的死亡率仍是与病毒斗争新阶段的迫切需要。

Although most people can recover from being infected with a few days of rest, the virus still poses a grave threat to the life and health of the elderly, especially those with underlying health conditions.

虽然大多数人感染病毒后休息几天就能恢复，但新冠病毒仍然严重威胁着老年人的生命和健康，尤其是那些有潜在健康问题的老年人。

Although 75 percent of the 240 million people aged 60 and above in the country, and 40 percent of those aged 80 and above, have had three vaccination shots, higher than that of some developed economies, it should not be forgotten that around 25 million people aged 60 and above have not been vaccinated at all, putting them at greater risk of severe illness.

尽管全国2.4亿60岁及以上人口中的75%、以及80岁及以上人口中40%的老年人已经接种了三针疫苗，高于一些发达国家，但不要忘了，还有约2500万60岁及以上人口根本没有接种过疫苗，他们将面临更大的重病风险。

The strain that hospitals are under nationwide is evidence of the surging demand for medical care. It is imperative that governments at various levels step into the breach. More inputs are needed to increase the emergency medical care resources in a short time and ensure the supply of anti-fever and anti-inflammatory medicines.

全国医院所面临的压力表明了医疗服务需求的激增。当务之急是动员各级政府，加大投入力度，短时间内增加应急医疗资源，确保退烧药和消炎药的供应。

That means establishing more fever clinics, optimizing treatment procedures, increasing the numbers of support staff for medical workers, and improving service efficiency. It is good to see some cities are already acting quickly in that direction. For instance, the number of fever clinics in Beijing has increased rapidly from 94 to 1,263, over the past weeks, preventing a run on medical resources.

同时增设发热门诊，优化诊疗流程，增加医务人员配套，并提高服务效率。一些城市已在这个方向上迅速采取行动，令人欣慰。例如，近几周以来，北京接收发烧诊所的数量从94家迅速增加到了1263家，避免了医疗资源挤兑的情况。

Neighborhood management departments and public health institutions should also open green channels to ensure that all calls are promptly answered and critically ill patients are transported to hospitals for treatment.

社区管理部门和公共卫生机构也要开通绿色通道，确保所有电话都能及时接听，并将危重病人送往医院治疗。

That the number of emergency calls public health departments have received in many cities peaked late last week suggests that the most difficult time has passed, albeit only for this wave of the virus, with more waves expected. Nevertheless, as the situation improves, grassroots departments and public health institutions are expected to take the initiative to survey and provide for people's medical care needs, including offering psychological counselling.

上周晚些时候，许多城市公共卫生部门接到的紧急呼叫数量达到峰值，表明已度过这一轮病毒中最困难的时期，尽管预计还会出现更多轮的病毒。不过随着情况出现好转，基层部门和公共卫生机构有望主动调查并提供人们的医疗需求，包括提供心理咨询。

As expected, the continued emphasis on putting lives and health first is selectively ignored by those China-bashers who delight in frissons of schadenfreude at the expense of the Chinese people.

果不其然，那些以牺牲中国人民利益为代价、幸灾乐祸的对华抨击者选择性忽视了中国秉持以生命和健康为首的做法。

Optimization

英 ['ɒptəmaɪ'zeɪʃən]  美 ['ɑ:ptəmaɪ'zeɪʃən]

n. 最优化

Lethal

英 [ˈliːθl]       美 [ˈliːθl]

adj. 致死的

Inflammatory

英 [ɪnˈflæmətri]     美 [ɪnˈflæmətɔri]

adj. 发炎的

英语新闻｜“乙类乙管”，取消来华人员入境后全员核酸检测和集中隔离

China will manage COVID-19 with measures against Class B infectious diseases, instead of Class A infectious diseases, in a major shift of its epidemic response policies.

中国对新冠肺炎疫情防的控政策发生重大转变，将从防控甲类传染病转变为乙类传染病。

China has renamed the Chinese term for COVID-19 from "novel coronavirus pneumonia" to "novel coronavirus infection," said a statement released by the National Health Commission on Monday. 

国家卫生健康委在周一发布声明表示，中国已将COVID-19的中文名称从“新型冠状病毒肺炎”更名为“新型冠状病毒感染”。

Starting from Jan 8, China will downgrade management of the disease from Class A to Class B in accordance with the country's law on prevention and treatment of infectious disease, and remove it from quarantinable infectious disease management carried out in accordance with the Frontier Health and Quarantine Law of the People's Republic of China, added the statement.

声明补充道，自1月8日起，依据传染病防治法，中国对新型冠状病毒感染管理从甲类降为乙类，且不再纳入《中华人民共和国国境卫生检疫法》规定的检疫传染病管理。

Currently, COVID-19 is classified as a Class B infectious disease but subject to the preventive and control measures for a Class A infectious disease in China.

目前，新型冠状病毒感染属于乙类传染病，但在中国仍采取了甲类传染病防控措施。

Basic conditions have been in place to support such an adjustment, said a document released by the State Council joint prevention and control mechanism against COVID-19 on the same day, citing the latest virus mutation, the development of the epidemic and the country's epidemic response basis.

国务院联防联控机制当天发布的文件指出，根据最新病毒变异、疫情发展和国家疫情应对基础，当前我国已具备了支持调整的基本条件。

Authorities will drop quarantine measures against people infected with novel coronavirus and stop identifying close contacts or designating high-risk and low-risk areas, said the document. 

文件还指出，有关部门将取消对新型冠状病毒感染者的隔离措施，不再判定密切接触者、以及不再划定高低风险区。 

COVID-19 cases will receive classified treatment and a timely adjustment will be made to medical care policies. The country will also adjust its testing policies as well as the frequency and content of epidemic information release.

国家还将对新冠病毒病例进行分类治疗，并及时调整医疗政策。将调整检测策略以及疫情信息的发布频次和内容。

In addition, disease control measures targeting  inbound travelers and imported cargo will be lifted, said the document.

此外，文件指出，将取消对入境人员和货物等采取检疫传染病管理的措施。

Following the adjustment, China's COVID-19 prevention and control efforts will focus on protecting health and preventing severe cases. Measures will be rolled out to protect people's lives and health to the utmost and minimize the impact of the epidemic on economic and social development.

实施“乙类乙管”后，我国防控工作目标将围绕“保健康、防重症”，采取相应措施，最大程度保护人民群众生命安全和身体健康，最大限度减少疫情对经济社会发展的影响。

Downgrade

英 [ˌdaʊnˈɡreɪd]   美 [ˌdaʊnˈɡreɪd]

v. 使降级

Designate

英 [ˈdezɪɡneɪt]    美 [ˈdezɪɡneɪt]

v. 指定

Exquisite

英[ˈɪnbaʊnd]     美[ˈɪnˌbaʊnd]

adj.入境的

英语新闻｜统筹全社会应对疫情

The National Health Commission stopped disclosing the daily COVID-19 pandemic data on Sunday.

12月25日，国家卫健委宣布不再发布每日疫情信息。

That move marks the fight with the virus has entered a new stage, for the data has been widely taken as a foundation for policymaking and adjustment. It signals that more must be done to address the challenges posed by the continuous resurgence of infections nationwide.

这一举措标志着抗击疫情进入新阶段，疫情数据已被广泛视为决策和政策调整的基础。这一举措表明，全国范围内感染数据持续反弹，我们必须付出更多努力来应对这些挑战。

That the public health system in Beijing, which has the most medical care resources in the country, has been under great strain because of the sharp rise of severe cases caused by the virus should serve to make the dire situations elsewhere in the country imaginable, particularly the rural areas where the gap between people's demands and the supplies of medical resources is much bigger.

北京拥有全国最丰富的医疗资源，但由于新冠疫情重症病例急剧增加，北京的公共卫生系统承受了巨大压力。全国其他地区的情况也可以想见，特别是在医疗资源供需不平衡的农村地区。

Although most of those infected with the novel coronavirus recover after several days of home quarantine, the virus still poses a risk to senior residents, especially those with underlying health conditions.

尽管大多数感染者经过几天的居家隔离后就能恢复健康，但新冠病毒仍然对老年人，尤其是有基础病的老年人构成风险。

China has about 270 million people aged 60 and above, and 36 million aged 80 and above, more than the total of all developed economies combined. While the overall capacity of China's intensive care units is much smaller in comparison with those countries. Not to mention the uneven distribution of health care resources nationwide.

中国约有2.7亿60岁及以上人口，3600万80岁及以上人口，超过所有发达经济体的总和。而与发达国家相比，中国的重症监护室数量更少，全国卫生医疗资源分布不均。

That's why the COVID-19 prevention and control task force of the State Council, China's Cabinet, recently urged all local governments to prioritize treatment for the aged population, and all major hospitals to serve as the key defense line for saving lives.

在此背景下，近日，国务院联防联控机制工作组敦促地方政府全力做好老年人救治工作，并强调医院要兜住医疗救治和生命保障的底线。

The NHC has demanded these major hospitals to double the number of intensive care unit sickbeds by the end of this month from the current 4 percent of their total number of sickbeds to at least 8 percent.

国家卫健委要求本月底前将重症监护病房病床数量增加一倍，从床位总数的4%增加到8%。

Meanwhile, local governments now need to divert their focus and inputs from nucleic acid testing and building collective quarantine stations to increasing the production and supplies of anti-fever and anti-inflammatory medicines to meet the surging demand. Local authorities should also pay attention to the scientific advice and keep the public informed of the pandemic situation.

与此同时，地方政府的工作重点应从核酸检测和集体隔离站点转移到增加发热和抗炎药物的供给，以满足需求的激增。地方政府还应提供科学建议，并随时向公众通报疫情情况。

The current wave of infections will peak and people have no reason not to remain confident in the country's fight with the virus, which continues to put saving people's lives and protecting people's health first.

当前，疫情感染人数即将达到顶峰，人们对于疫情阻击战应当保持信心，我国政府仍将挽救人民生命和保护人民健康放在首位。

Following the basic protocol of good hygiene habits, isolating at home, if one does become infected, and doing one's job well are all important contributions that individuals can make to ensure the country passes this test as quickly as possible.

人们应当遵循良好卫生习惯，一旦感染病毒，应当居家隔离，做好防护消毒工作。这些举动将为国家做出重要贡献，让全国人民尽快通过疫情考验。

Resurgence

英 [rɪˈsɜːdʒəns]  美 [rɪˈsɜːrdʒəns]

n. 重现

Sickbed

英 [ˈsɪkbed]  美 [ˈsɪkbed]

n. 病床

Hygiene

英 [ˈhaɪdʒiːn]  美 [ˈhaɪdʒiːn]

n. 卫生

英语新闻｜英国媒体评出“2022年度十大科学进展”，中国吸入式疫苗入选

近日，英国《卫报》发布了由十位科学家选出的2022年度十项重大科学进展。从重返月球任务到快速充电电池技术突破，成果涵盖了各个领域。其中，中国的吸入式新冠疫苗以及中国科学院马越等人利用人工智能发现抗生素两项成果入选。

Two Chinese scientific achievements are included in the 10 biggest science stories of 2022 chosen by scientists, according to a report by the Guardian. From moon missions to fast-charging batteries, the Guardian nominates the year’s significant scientific developments in various fields.

新冠大流行期间，疫苗研发的速度前所未有。免疫学研究领域也取得了巨大进展。中国的吸入式新冠疫苗由曼彻斯特大学生物医学科学和公众参与教授希娜·克鲁克香克选入2022年度十大科学进展。

In COVID's boost to immune research category, the use of sniffable or inhalable vaccines — mucosal vaccines, which are already used in China to tackle COVID 19 — was introduced by Sheena Cruickshank, professor of biomedical sciences and public engagement at the University of Manchester, the Guardian reported on Sunday.

吸入式疫苗可诱导黏膜免疫，并可能提供针对呼吸道病毒的长期保护。克鲁克香克表示，对于有“针头恐惧症”的人来说，这类疫苗更具吸引力。如果这些新型新冠疫苗效果达到预期，那么很快每年的加强针注射将成为历史。

Inhalable vaccines are designed to target the “mucosal immune system”. Cruickshank said the inhalable vaccines, which is much more appealing for those of us who are needle-phobic, may offer long-term protection against respiratory viruses. If these new developments deliver on their promise, then one day soon the calls for annual shots could be a thing of the past, according to Cruickshank.

抗菌药物耐药性被世界卫生组织列为人类面临的十大公共卫生威胁之一。抗菌肽（Antimicrobial peptide, AMP）是传统抗生素的公认替代品，因为它们不太可能引发耐药性；然而，只有数量有限的这类分子进入临床实践，其中数十个正在进行临床和临床前试验。

Antibacterial drug resistance is listed by the World Health Organization as one of the top ten public health threats facing mankind. Antimicrobial peptide is a recognized substitute for traditional antibiotics, because they are unlikely to cause drug resistance; However, only a limited number of such molecules have entered clinical practice, and dozens of them are undergoing clinical and preclinical trials.

中国科学院的马越和他的同事使用机器学习技术来识别由人类肠道微生物基因组序列编码的抗菌肽。该算法识别出2349个潜在的抗菌肽序列，其中，216个多肽是通过化学方法合成的，181个具有抑菌活性。

Ma Yue and his colleagues from the Chinese Academy of Sciences used machine-learning techniques originally developed for natural language processing to identify antimicrobial peptides encoded by the genome sequences of microbes in the human gut. The algorithm identified 2,349 potential antimicrobial peptide sequences. Among them, 216 peptides were synthesized by chemical methods, and 181 were shown to have antimicrobial activity.

曼彻斯特生物技术研究所合成生物学教授高野恵理子高度赞扬了马越团队的工作。高野表示，该团队利用人工智能克服抗药性、补充了有效抗菌剂库，与此同时得以开发新药且成功率惊人。

In the AI new antibiotics category, Chinese scientist Ma Yue and his colleagues' efforts in using AI to overcome resistance and replenish our arsenal of effective antimicrobials while developing new drugs was praised by Eriko Takano, professor of synthetic biology at the Manchester Institute of Biotechnology. This is an impressive success rate, which would not have been possible without the aid of Artificial Intelligence, according to Takano.

mucosal

英 [ˌmju:ˈkəʊˈsəl]  美 [mjuˈkosə]

adj.粘膜的

antimicrobial

英 [ˌæntɪmaɪˈkrəʊbɪəl]  美 [ˌæntimaɪˈkrobiəl; ˌæntaɪˈkrobiəl]

adj.杀菌的，抗菌的

replenish

英 [rɪˈplenɪʃ]  美 [rɪˈplenɪʃ]

v.补充

英语新闻｜B站年度弹幕出炉！谁“优雅”当选了？

Bilibili, a leading video platform popular among China's younger generation, announced on Thursday the phrase of the year on its site to be "You Ya", or "elegant/elegance" when translated literally.

深受中国年轻人喜爱的弹幕视频网站哔哩哔哩在周四公布了年度弹幕关键词——“优雅”。

The original meaning of“You Ya” isgraceful and stylish in appearance or manner. In traditional Chinese context,it is often used to describe the beauty of artistic harmony, or to praise the cultural taste andetiquette of others.

“优雅”原义即优美、高雅，在传统汉语语境中，多用于形容艺术上的和谐之美，或赞美他人的文化品味与礼仪风度。

And what is the special meaning of "elegance" in today's Internet context?

而现今的互联网语境中，“优雅”有什么特殊意义呢？

Elegant/elegance is often used to praise someone who is stronghearted or resilient, or good at staying calm. No matter what the situation is, he or she can maintain a calm and steady mentality.

“优雅”往往用于称赞某人因拥有强大的内心或过硬的本领而处变不惊，无论在什么境况下都能找到并保持从容稳健的状态。

So, how do you use "elegant/elegance"?

所以，大家都是怎么用“优雅”的呢？

In a hot vedio How to transform a piano into a barbecue car published by uploader“Handy Geng”, he combined classical instrument and easy-going barbecue in a creative and crafty way. The audience posted bullet comments to say it is“elegance".

在UP主“手工耿”的热门视频《自制钢琴烤串车》中，他通过创意和手艺将古典乐器与接地气的烧烤相结合，观众纷纷发弹幕表示这很“优雅”。

In another example, "Xia Xia Limb", a disableduploader owner with less than 10,000 followers, contributed a videoandgenerously showed howtousethe prosthetic leg to climb thestairs, which received over 3 million views and a screen full of "elegant"bullet comment.

另外一个例子，粉丝数不足一万的残障UP主“夏夏肢乎”投稿视频大方展示自己如何用假肢登上台阶，收获了超300万次播放和满屏的“优雅”弹幕。

Traditionally, elegance is often associated with middle- and high-class groups or those with high academic backgrounds. But now, elegance emphasizes an ability to control and balance life for ordinary people.

从这些案例中可以看出，传统意义上的“优雅”往往与社会中高阶层或者高文化水平的人群联系在一起，而现在网络上的“优雅”则更强调一种普通人对生活的掌控力。

Shao Yanjun, a professor of the Chinese Department of Peking University, said: "When 'elegance', as an Internet 'meme',became popular through bullet comment and social media, the class color and elite attributes in it were obviously weakened, and 'elegance'is no longer a priority.

北大中文系教授邵燕君这样说道：“当‘优雅’作为一个互联网‘梗’，通过弹幕与社交媒体流行起来，其中的阶层色彩和精英属性被明显削弱了，‘优雅’不再是特权。

Rreal-time comments is a new form of comment that has emerged in recent years, from viewers fly across the screen like bullets while a video is playing.

“弹幕”是近几年兴起的一种新的评论形式，指视频播放时观众的实时评论像子弹一样在屏幕上穿梭。

Such kind of real-time comments are usually expressed as“bullet comment” in English. If there are so many bullet comments taking up the whole screen while a video is playing, a bullet screen is formed.

这样的“弹幕评论”在英语中一般用bullet comments表示，如果视频播放时弹幕评论很多，占据了整个屏幕，就形成了bullet screen（弹幕）。

After several years of development, bullet comment has become more than just a way of interaction, it also acts as a bridge between people in the digital age, carrying the connection intentions of young netizens and recording the culturalresonance of the distinctive characteristics of the times.

经过几年的发展，弹幕已不仅仅是一种互动方式，还充当了数字时代下人和人之间的桥梁，承载年轻网民的连接意图，记录着具备鲜明时代特征的文化共鸣。

As a form of instant interaction, bulletcomment is anintuitional representation of howaudience react to specific content, and the derivative bullet comment culture records the changes in the younger generation and the times. 

作为一种即时性互动方式，弹幕直观地呈现了观众对特定内容的反应，由此衍生的弹幕文化，也记录了年轻群体及时代的变迁。

Resilient

英 [rɪˈzɪliənt]   美 [rɪˈzɪljənt]

adj. 能复原的

Attribute

英 [əˈtrɪbjuːt] 美 [ əˈtrɪbjuːt]

n. 属性

Resonance

英 [ˈrezənəns]  美 [ˈrezənəns]

n. 共鸣