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英语故事︱防秃要趁早这3种方法可预防早期雄激素性脱发

Dr. Susan Massick, a clinical associate professor of dermatology at the Ohio State University, said she frequently saw patients for hair loss and young men were especially concerned about prevention. The most important thing to keep as much hair as possible, she said, is to catch hair loss early.

俄亥俄州立大学皮肤病学临床副教授苏珊·马西克博士称，她发现脱发患者，尤其是年轻男性特别注重预防脱发。她表示，尽可能多地留住头发的关键是早发现早预防。

Massick told Insider a balanced diet and topical minoxidil were two methods she'd recommend to patients to help treat hair loss and male-pattern baldness.

马西克告诉内幕网，她建议通过平衡饮食和局部使用米诺地尔两种方法治疗脱发和男性秃头。

Massick said that while hair loss could come from stress and an autoimmune disease called alopecia areata, the majority of her patients had androgenic alopecia, or male-pattern baldness. According to Cleveland Clinic, an estimated 25% of men will notice hair loss before age 21, and 70% will experience hair loss as they age.

马西克称，脱发的原因可能是压力和一种称为斑秃的自身免疫性疾病，但她的大多数患者都患有男性秃头，也称雄激素性脱发。据克利夫兰医学中心估计，25%的男性在21岁之前会出现脱发，70%的男性会随着年龄增长而脱发。

Male-pattern baldness is caused by the hormone dihydrotestosterone, or DHT, Massick said, which shrinks hair follicles, causing hair to grow thinner and fall out more easily.

马西克说，雄激素性脱发是由激素二氢睾酮引起的。二氢睾酮会导致毛囊收缩，头发变细，更容易脱落。

A balanced diet rich in protein and iron can help keep your hair healthy and strong, Massick said. Foods like chicken, eggs, greek yogurt, and beef contain high amounts of protein, which is most of what makes up hair follicles. Protein also contains iron, which helps the body bring oxygen to cells associated with hair growth, according to Healthline.

马西克说，富含蛋白质和铁的均衡饮食有助于保持头发健康强壮。鸡肉、鸡蛋、希腊酸奶和牛肉等食物含有大量蛋白质，这是构成毛囊的主要成分。据健康线网站报道，蛋白质含有铁元素，铁可以促进身体为与毛发生长相关的细胞提供氧气。

Dr. Debra Jaliman, a dermatologist who is an assistant professor at the Dermatology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, previously told Insider that when the body doesn't get enough protein, the protein that is consumed is allocated toward essential body functions, which doesn't include hair growth.

西奈山伊坎医学院皮肤病学助理教授、皮肤病医生德布拉·贾利曼博士告诉内幕网，当身体摄入蛋白质不足时，蛋白质消耗用于维持身体的基本功能，而不包括头发生长。

Massick said to avoid putting tension on your hair whenever possible; hair styles like perms, extensions, and hair straightening can put stress on your hair that can make it more likely to fall out.

马西克称，要尽可能让头发放松，烫发、接发和直发等美发造型都会给头发带来压力，使其更容易脱落。

Massick says shampoos that advertise hair growth usually aren't worth your money because they don't stay in your hair long enough to penetrate to your follicles. She said shampoos meant to treat conditions like dandruff and eczema, which can cause hair loss, can be effective at treating those conditions but not hair loss itself.

马西克表示，生发洗发水通常不值得购买，因为产品在头发中停留的时间不够长，无法穿透毛囊。针对头皮屑和湿疹等可能导致脱发的疾病的洗发水可以有效治疗这些疾病，但对治疗脱发没什么效果。

Minoxidil is an over-the-counter medication that Massick said had been shown to help prevent hair loss and, in some cases, regain lost hair. While it's unclear exactly how minoxidil works, it's thought to enlarge hair follicles and increase the body's hair-growth phase, according to Healthline.

马西克介绍，米诺地尔是一种已经证明有助于防止脱发的非处方药，在某些情况下可以让头发再生。据健康线网站报道，目前尚不清楚米诺地尔的作用原理，但它可以扩大毛囊，增加身体的毛发生长期。

来源：Insider

编辑：董静

dermatology

英[ˌdɜ:məˈtɒlədʒi]；美[ˌdɜrməˈtɑlədʒi]

n. 皮肤病（学）;皮肤科

topical

英[ˈtɒpɪkl]；美[ˈtɑpɪkl]

adj.有关时事的，时下关注的;局部的;题目的，论题的

baldness

英[bɔ:ldnəs]；美[bɔldnəs]

n. 光秃，枯燥，率直;无芒性;秃发;秃病

英语新闻∣习近平主席即将出席上海合作组织成员国元首理事会第二十二次会议

President Xi Jinping's upcoming Central Asia trip will give a major boost to China's bonds with its neighbors there, catalyze two-way,pragmatic cooperation and promote the unity and efficacy of the 21-year-old Shanghai Cooperation Organization, observers said.

观察人士表示，习近平主席即将进行的中亚之行将极大地促进中国与中亚邻国的关系，促进双向务实合作，加强已有21年历史的上海合作组织成员国的团结，提升上海合作组织的效能。

From Wednesday to Friday, Xi will attend the 22nd meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Council of Heads of State in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, and make state visits to Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying announced on Monday.

9月12日，外交部新闻发言人华春莹表示，9月14日至16日，国家主席习近平将出席在撒马尔罕举行的上海合作组织成员国元首理事会第二十二次会议，并应哈萨克斯坦共和国总统托卡耶夫、乌兹别克斯坦共和国总统米尔济约耶夫邀请对两国进行国事访问。

The Central Asia tour will be Xi's first trip abroad in more than two years, and the timing of the visits to the two destinations bears profound significance, experts said.

专家表示，中亚之行将是习近平主席两年多来首次出访，而选择在这个时机出访两国具有深远意义。

Both Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan are celebrating their 30th anniversary this year of building diplomatic relations with China, and their presidents visited China in February to attend the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympic Winter Games and met with Xi.
今年，哈萨克斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦都庆祝了与中国建交30周年，两国总统在今年2月访问中国，参加北京冬季奥运会开幕式，并与习近平主席会面。

Kazakhstan is the birthplace of the landmark Belt and Road Initiative, as it was there that Xi first proposed the Silk Road Economic Belt initiative—a key component of the BRI—during his first state visit to the country as president in 2013.

哈萨克斯坦是“一带一路”首倡之地。2013年，习近平主席首次访问哈萨克斯坦时提出了共建“丝绸之路经济带”的倡议。

As of July 4, 149 countries and 32 international organizations have signed cooperative documents with China on jointly building the Belt and Road.

截至7月4日，已有149个国家、32个国际组织同中国签署共建“一带一路”合作文件。

As Kazakhstan is on the first stop of the BRI's westward routes from China, "China-Kazakhstan relations have yielded fruitful outcomes in areas such as connectivity, production capacity, economy, trade and culture", said Chinese Ambassador to Kazakhstan Zhang Xiao.

中国驻哈萨克斯坦大使张霄表示，哈萨克斯坦是“一带一路”的西出首站，“中哈两国在共建‘一带一路’框架内成功开展互联互通、产能、经贸、人文等领域合作，取得实打实、沉甸甸的丰硕成果。”

Annual bilateral trade reached $25.25 billion last year, nearly 70 times the amount in 1992, the year in which the two countries established diplomatic ties, making the country "avanguard and exemplary zone in co-building the Belt and Road", Zhang told China National Radio recently.

近日，张霄在接受中央人民广播电台采访时表示，2021年中哈贸易额达到252.5亿美元，1992年中哈两国建交之初贸易额的近70倍，“哈萨克斯坦已成为共建‘一带一路’的重要先行区和示范区。” 

The two countries' trade volume reached $17.69 billion in the first seven months of the year, according to China's General Administration of Customs.
根据中国海关总署的数据，今年前7个月，中哈贸易额达到176.9亿美元。

Meanwhile, China is working closely with Uzbekistan to boost thesynergy between the BRI and the Development Strategy for New Uzbekistan, the country's flagship vision for growth.

与此同时，中方正与乌方密切合作，加快“新乌兹别克斯坦”战略和“一带一路”倡议对接合作。

Both countries are working toward the goal of reaching $10 billion in annual bilateral trade, according to Chinese Ambassador to Uzbekistan Jiang Yan.

中国驻乌兹别克斯坦大使姜岩说，两国正在朝着年双边贸易额100亿美元的目标努力。

The trade volume between the two nations was $5.53 billion in the first seven months of 2022, according to Customs data.

海关数据显示，2022年前7个月，中乌贸易额为55.3亿美元。

Su Xiaohui, deputy director of the China Institute of International Studies' Department of American Studies, said the trip "will further build on the great relationships between the top leaders and chart the course for more highlights of bilateral collaboration in the years to come".

中国国际问题研究院国际战略研究所副所长苏晓晖表示，此次访问“将进一步巩固两国最高领导人之间的良好关系，并为未来几年双边合作的更多亮点制定路线图”。

"Also, the trip is expected to see China and the rest of the SCO member statesgear up in tackling the unprecedented economic and political challenges from the outside world, given thespillover effects of the global economic downturn, geopolitical conflicts and the COVID-19 pandemic," Su said.

此外，考虑到全球经济低迷、地缘政治冲突和新冠肺炎疫情的溢出效应，预计此次访问将促使中国和上海合作组织其他成员国加紧应对来自外部世界的前所未有的经济和政治挑战。

Samarkand, an Uzbek city known for its great cultural heritage, will host the SCO Summit on Thursday and Friday.
上海合作组织峰会将于9月14日至16日在乌兹别克斯坦名城撒马尔罕举行。

This year marks the 20th anniversary of the signing of the Charter of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the 15th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty on Long-Term Good-Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation.
今年是《上海合作组织宪章》签署20周年和《上海合作组织成员国长期睦邻友好合作条约》签署15周年。

The organization has eight member states, four observer states and six dialogue partners, and around 10 countries have voiced their hope to join the group or upgrade their status within the group.

目前有8个成员国、4个观察员国和6个对话伙伴，和其他10个国家表示希望加入上海合作组织或提高其在上海合作组织中的地位。

"Instability and uncertainties are increasingly evident now", given the significant global changes unseen in a century, the COVID-19 pandemic and the resurfacing of a Cold War mentality in the world, Ambassador Jiang said recently in an interview with Chinese media.

近日，姜岩大使在接受媒体采访时表示：“当前，国际形势面临百年未有之大变局，冠肺炎疫情全球大流行，冷战思维抬头，不稳定性和不确定性日益凸显。”

Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev wrote in a signed article that "no country alone can hope to avoid or cope with these global risks and challenges".

乌兹别克斯坦总统沙夫卡特·米尔济约耶夫在文章中写道:“显然任何国家都无法置身事外或独立应对全球性风险和挑战。”

"In a world with the new challenges and opportunities, the SCO has excellent prospects for transformation and growth, not only through quantitative replenishment, but also through the opening of new strategic vectors. These are transport and connectivity, energy, food and environmental security, innovations, digital transformation and green economy," he added.

“在当前充满新挑战新机遇的世界中，上合组织有望通过扩员以及拓展互联互通、能源安全、创新、数字化和绿色经济等战略合作新领域，实现转型和开辟更加广阔发展前景。”

pragmatic

英[præɡˈmætɪk]美[præɡˈmætɪk]

adj. 实际的; 实用主义的

vanguard

英[ˈvænɡɑːd]美[ˈvænɡɑːrd]

n. 先锋，前锋

synergy

英[ˈsɪnədʒi]美[ˈsɪnərdʒi]

n. 协同，配合

gear up 

英[ɡiə ʌp]美[ɡɪr ʌp]

v. 换高速挡; 改进…以适应提高生产的需要

spillover

英[ˈspɪləʊvə(r)]美[ˈspɪloʊvə(r)]

n. 溢出

网恋为什么流行？研究：看不见对方，更容易产生好感

Falling in love sight unseen,often through the written word, has been happening for centuries. The Web hasonly made it easier.

历史上从来不乏“见字如面”的爱情，而互联网的出现，让“见不到面的恋爱”更加容易。

What makes these digitalrelationships successful? According to a study, one of the key draws ofInternet relationships of all kinds is the ability to find people who like thesame stuff that you do.

网恋为何越来越普遍？一项研究表明，网恋的魅力在于，人们更容易找到与自己兴趣相投的对象。

Love can beblind literally. One of the most famous studies is "Deviance In The Dark," in whichinteractions between students were observed in both pitch-dark and well-lit rooms.

人们都说爱情是“盲目”的，有时看不见对方，反而容易产生好感。一项著名的实验叫做“黑暗中的偏差”，实验者将受试者安排在明、暗两个房间，分别观察他们的社交活动。

Those who met in the dark room,on the whole, were much more open and intimate with their fellow participantsthan those who met face-to-face under the fluorescents. In short: When you getrid of all the stress attached to face-to-face meetings, people feel more freeto be themselves and get to know each other.

比起光亮下的面谈，在黑暗环境中，受试者更能敞开心扉，与同伴互动。换言之，在减轻面对面的压力以后，人们更愿意做回自己，也更愿意了解他人。

Diana Dorell, an intuitive dating coach, explained that"without real-life contact, you run the risk of developing strongfeelings for the idea of someone, not the person themselves."

恋爱心理指导戴安娜·多雷尔声称，如果没在现实生活中见过面，你爱的很可能只是那个人的人设，而非本身。

According to Joshua Klapow, aclinical psychologist, "While using video to connect with someonedefinitely offers more intimacy than texting, emailing, or writing, not beingable to touch or smell someone limits your sense of the other person."

临床心理学家约书亚·卡拉普表示，虽然视频通话比短信、邮件和写信更进一步，但如果没有触觉和嗅觉的辅助，还是会大大降低恋爱的参与感。

Besides, the Web is full of tricksters. One study found that81% of online daters admitted to lying about their weight, height, age or acombination of the three on their profiles. The Web allows users to presenttheir best selves to the public, and sometimes those selves are exaggerated.

网恋的另一弊端在于，骗子比比皆是。一项研究表明，81%的网恋者会编造自己的体重、身高或年龄。在虚拟的网络世界里，人们可以随意自吹自擂，只为展现出“最好的一面”。

Her is an American science-fiction romantic drama film.It follows Theodore Twombly, a man who develops a relationship withSamantha, an artificially intelligent virtual assistant personified through a female voice. 

《她》是一部美国科幻爱情片，作家西奥多在结束了一段令他心碎的爱情长跑之后，爱上了电脑操作系统里的女声，而这个叫“萨曼莎”的姑娘不仅有着略微沙哑的性感嗓音，而且风趣幽默、善解人意，让孤独的男主泥足深陷。

Theodore panics when Samanthabriefly goes offline. When she finally responds to him, she confirms thatshe is talking with thousands of people, and that she has fallen in love withhundreds of them. Theodore is very upset at the idea, but Samantha insists itonly makes her love for Theodore stronger.

直到某天，萨曼莎无缘无故从电脑上消失了，西奥多这才得知，萨曼莎总共有8316位人类交互对象，并与其中的641位产生了爱情，而西奥多仅仅是其中之一。尽管如此，萨曼莎依然坚持自己是深爱着西奥多的，她的爱并没有因此而不同。人类无法接受的“海王”行为，在AI眼中却变得无可厚非。

Meeting online is a great way toget to know someone and even to connect on a deeper level. But until you holdsomeone's face in your hands, and gaze into that special person’s eyes, and see what he or sheis really like in the flesh, you won't know without a doubt that it’s real love.

总而言之，人们当然可以通过网络相识、相知甚至相恋，但只有真正见到对方，捧住对方脸颊，看进对方眼底的那一刻，你才能够确信，这个人就是你的此生挚爱。

Deviance

英[ˈdiːvɪəns] 美[ˈdiviəns]

n. 偏常，异常，异常行为

pitch-dark

英[ˈpɪtʃˈdɑ:k] 美[ˈpɪtʃˈdɑrk]

adj. 漆黑的

intuitive

英[ɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv] 美[ɪnˈtuːɪtɪv]

adj. 直觉的

personified

英[pəˈsɒnɪfaɪ] 美[pərˈsɑnɪfaɪ]

vt. 人格化，拟人化

gaze

英[ɡeɪz] 美[ɡeɪz]

vi. 凝视，注视

英语新闻︱一个时代的结束：英国女王伊丽莎白二世去世

The end of any life is a time to look back andreflect on the historic events it has witnessed — and rarely can that be somore than in the case of Queen Elizabeth II, whose life encompassed severaltransformations of the world stage.

生命终结之后，人们便会不禁回顾反思这个生命一生所经所历。英国女王伊丽莎白二世的经历就像一本历史书，见证了世界舞台上的数次变革。

The 96-year-old, whose death at Balmoral inScotland was announced by Buckingham Palace shortly after 6 pm on Thursday(Sept 8 2022), was born before the advent of talking pictures, and lived to seethe era of virtual reality and AI.

白金汉宫8日宣布，伊丽莎白二世在巴尔莫勒尔堡去世，终年96岁。女王出生在有声电影之前，见证了虚拟现实和人工智能时代的到来。

She arrived in a world where her grandfatherKing George V was the Emperor of India, and left it with Britain still findingits feet on the world stage following its exit from the European Union.

1926年，女王出生，彼时印度还在伊丽莎白的祖父乔治五世的统治下。2022年，女王逝世，此时脱欧后的英国仍在寻寻觅觅，探索在世界舞台上站稳脚跟的方法。

Her life encompassed the rise of fascism andthe fall of the Berlin Wall, World War II, the conquest of space, the global financialcrisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Russia-Ukraine conflict.

女王的一生亲历了法西斯主义的兴起、柏林墙的倒塌、第二次世界大战、人类进入太空、全球金融危机、新冠肺炎疫情、俄乌冲突。

Not only did she live to be the oldest monarch— only two of her predecessors had lived past the age of 80 — but she alsobecame the longest-serving monarch in the history of the United Kingdom, afigure of seemingly immovable permanence and dependability on the world stage,while leaders of so many countries came and went.

伊丽莎白二世是英国最长寿、在位时间最长的君主，此前仅有维多利亚和乔治三世超过了80岁。在这个不断变化的世界里，政权迭代更替，但唯有女王一直屹立不倒。

The woman she surpassed as the longest reigningmonarch was her great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, whose era was known as theVictorian age. Similarly, the 70 years, seven months and two days of her reignbecame the modern Elizabethan age.

伊丽莎白二世超越她的曾曾祖母维多利亚女王，成为英国在位时间最长的君主。维多利亚女王在位时期被称为维多利亚时代，而伊丽莎白二世在位的70年7个月零2天则铸就了第二个伊丽莎白时代。

Born on April 21, 1926, Elizabeth AlexandraMary Windsor was the first child of Albert, Duke of York, and his wife,formerly Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. The young Elizabeth and sister Margaret,four years her junior, enjoyed a comfortable, happy and close family childhood,but all their lives were transformed in December 1936.

伊丽莎白·亚历山德拉·玛丽·温莎出生于1926年4月21日，是乔治六世和伊丽莎白·鲍斯-莱昂的长女。童年时代，伊丽莎白与父母、妹妹玛格丽特公主一起过着舒适隐逸的生活，1936年12月，一切都发生了改变。

Following a dispute over his wish to marryAmerican divorcee Wallis Simpson, the Queen's uncle, King Edward VIII, abdicatedthe throne before he was even crowned, and out of the blue, her shy, stammeringfather was thrust into the spotlight as the country's next king, a role he hadnever expected to take — and with him, into that spotlight, he took his wifeand two daughters.

1936年，伊丽莎白的伯父爱德华八世坚持同离婚两次的辛普森夫人结婚而被迫逊位。伊丽莎白的父亲生来腼腆，自幼患有口吃，却出乎意料地被推到了聚光灯下，成为了下一任国王。

The story of the Queen's father, known as KingGeorge VI, and his struggle to adapt to his new role in life is told in thefilm The King's Speech. His 16 years on the throne, from 1936 to 1952, took inone of the most turbulent periods in modern British history, including WorldWar II, the fragmentation of the Empire, and the construction of a new Britain.

电影《国王的演讲》讲述了女王的父亲，即乔治六世国王，如何努力适应国王这一新角色的故事。乔治六世在位的16年（1936年到1952年），是英国现代史上最为动荡的时期之一，历经了第二次世界大战、大英帝国解体和英联邦的建设。

In 1952, when the young Princess Elizabeth —who in 1947 had married her third cousin, Prince Philip — was on a trip toKenya, the news came through of the death of her father, aged just 56. At theage of 25, Princess Elizabeth became Queen Elizabeth II, and a new era hadbegun, one that has only ended now, 70 years later.

1947年，伊丽莎白与远房表亲菲利普王子结为夫妻。1952年，伊丽莎白在肯尼亚收到了父亲英王乔治六世去世的噩耗。25岁的伊丽莎白加冕登基，成为了英国女王，一个新的时代就此展开。

The Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh, a titleher husband was given on their wedding day, had four children; Charles, Anne,Andrew and Edward. They, in turn, produced eight grandchildren and 12great-grandchildren, the most recent addition being Andrew's grand-daughter,Sienna Elizabeth Mapelli Mozzi, born in September 2021, and as those aroundthem struggled, the royal couple's marriage remained a rock of solidity untilthe Duke's death on Apr 9, 2021, aged 99.

女王与其丈夫爱丁堡公爵、菲利普亲王育有三子一女，长子查尔斯、次子安德鲁、三子爱德华、女儿安妮公主，还有8个孙辈和12个曾孙辈。皇室最小的成员是安德鲁的孙女西耶娜·伊丽莎白·马佩利·莫齐，出生于2021年9月。女王与菲利普亲王一直相濡以沫、风雨同舟，2021年4月9日，菲利普亲王去世，享年99岁。

In contrast, of her children's marriages, onlyEdward's has survived, with the high-profile separation of Charles and hiswife, Diana, Princess of Wales, in 1992 being the darkest moment of what theQueen called an 'annus horribilis', which also saw Anne divorced and Andrewseparate from his wife, before the year ended with a serious fire at WindsorCastle.

然而，女王的子女中，只有三子爱德华的婚姻没有以离婚告终。1992年被女王称为“多灾之年”，这一年，安妮公主离婚、安德鲁王子与妻子分居、温莎城堡失火。更有查尔斯和戴安娜王妃高调分居，女王将这称之为至暗时刻。

Events of 1997 took an even darker turn,however, when the fallout of the shock death of Diana in a car crash in Pariscaused the biggest crisis for the royal family since the abdication.

1997年，事情发生了更为黑暗的转折，戴安娜王妃在法国巴黎因车祸丧生，给王室带来了自1936年爱德华八世退位以来最大的危机。

As the nation reeled and saw spontaneousdisplays of mass public emotion, unlike anything normally expected of theBritish, the perceived lack of reaction from the Royal family and the Queen wastotally out of step with the national mood.

整个英国都陷入了混乱之中，与悲痛的民众所期待的不同，王室和女王并没有作出相应的措施悼念逝去的王妃，与国民情绪大相径庭。

Rattled by this, the Queen made a livetelevised address the night before Diana's funeral, and the mood abated, butthis was a rare example of the woman who was regarded for so many years as thenation's grandmother failing to gauge public feeling.

在戴安娜出殡前一天，惶惶不安的女王以电视直播的形式表达了对戴安娜去世的哀悼，才得以平息众怒。这一次，女王罕见地误判了公众的情绪。

If the 80s and 90s were troubled times for theroyals, the turn of the millennium ushered in a new era of optimism.

如果说上个世纪八九十年代是王室的乱世，那么21世纪则迎来了一个全新的时代。

Her Golden Jubilee in 2002 marked 50 years onthe throne, with a chain of celebratory beacons lit the length and breadth ofthe British Isles, and four years later, she celebrated her 80th birthday.

2002年6月2日是伊丽莎白二世登基50周年纪念日，庆祝灯塔照亮了不列颠群岛。2006年4月，女王迎来了80大寿。

But it was 2012 that was the truly vintage year,with first the celebrations of her Diamond Jubilee, to honor 60 years on thethrone, and then the London 2012 Olympics, which she formally opened, as wellas appearing in a short comedy film as part of Danny Boyle's dazzling openingceremony.

而对于女王来说，2012年才是真正的全盛之年。2012年是伊丽莎白二世的钻石禧年，即登基60周年。这一年，女王还迎接了伦敦奥运会，出人意料地出现在开幕式上丹尼·博伊尔执导的短片中。

Dark days soon returned, however.

然而，灰暗之日总会卷土重来。

Family tensions arose again in January 2020,when her grandson Harry, Duke of Sussex, announced that he and his wife Meghanwould be stepping away from royal duties, causing a rift that has clearly upsetmany family members.

2020年1月，王室成员之间的关系再次紧张起来。女王的孙子萨塞克斯公爵哈里宣布，他和妻子梅根不再履行王室职务。此举造成了王室之间的裂痕，让王室成员感到不快。

The build-up to the Queen's Platinum Jubilee in2022 saw Prince Andrew the focus of world attention because of his connectionsto convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein, and his subsequent public disgraceand removal from public life did significant damage.

2022年是英国女王登基70周年。这一年，安德鲁王子成为了全世界瞩目的焦点，因为他与性犯罪者杰弗里·爱泼斯坦有所联系。安德鲁王子的丑闻和头衔革除对王室造成了极大损害。

One of the Queen's greatest strengths, both onthe domestic and world stages, was her detachment from politics. In a lifetimetravelling the world, she was entertained by and hosted countless monarchs,presidents and heads of state.

无论是在英国国内还是在世界，女王最大的长处便是对政治的超然。女王游走世界，受到了无数君主、总统和国家元首的款待。

She met every president of the United Statesduring her reign, except Lyndon B Johnson, who she would have met at John FKennedy's funeral had she not missed the trip as she was pregnant with Edward.

加冕登基以来，女王伊丽莎白二世已会见过13位在任的美国总统，她原定在肯尼迪总统的葬礼上和林登·约翰逊见面，但因怀上了三子爱德华而未能成行。

In addition, the Queen saw 15 British primeministers during her reign, from Winston Churchill to Liz Truss. Speculationover the content of the weekly private meetings she had with them was even the subjectof an award-winning theatrical play of 2013, The Audience.

与此同时，女王在位期间还会见了15位英国首相，从温斯顿·丘吉尔到伊丽莎白·特拉斯。女王与首相每周私下会进行会谈，2013年上映的电影《女王召见》将这些密谈搬上了银幕。

The Queen reigned through social and politicaltransformations such as the Suez Crisis, the Troubles in Northern Ireland,which claimed the life of her cousin Lord Mountbatten, the decline of Britain'smanufacturing industries, and change from being a post-Imperial power to beinga player in a global economy, with a substantial and varied immigrant community,and Brexit.

女王在位期间经历了社会政治变革，如苏伊士运河危机、北爱尔兰问题、英国制造业的衰退、英帝国向英联邦的转型过渡、移民浪潮、以及脱欧。

In the run-up to the referendum in 2016, theunspoken convention of never ascribing political opinions to the Queen wasbroken by The Sun newspaper, when it claimed that, during a lunch with seniorpoliticians, she had voiced support for Britain leaving the trading bloc.

女王不公开发表政治观点已是不成文的规定，然而2016年脱欧公投前，《太阳报》声称，在与资深政界人士共进午餐时，女王曾表示支持英国退出欧盟。

The story caused a furious row, with BuckinghamPalace making a successful complaint to the press regulator Ipso, who calledthe article "misleading", and the Queen's reputation for impartialityremained intact.

这篇报道引发了轩然大波，白金汉宫向英国报业独立监管委员会投诉，称这篇报道“具有误导性”，因此女王公正不阿的形象并未受到影响。

But Remain supporters were quick to react when,in 2017, the snap General Election led to a stripped-down ceremony for theState Opening of Parliament which was less formal than usual, and rather thanthe traditional royal robes, the Queen attended wearing a blue and yellowfloral hat which they said bore a strongly coincidental resemblance to the EUflag.

但2017年，英国大选提前举行，英国国会开幕大典并未像以往那么正式，女王并未身披皇袍、头戴皇冠，而是戴了一顶蓝黄花帽。留欧派认为这顶帽子的图案与欧盟旗帜十分相像，于是便迅速作出了反应。

Both sides of the Brexit divide trying, howeverindirectly, to claim royal patronage sums up the Queen's importance to the Britishpsyche and identity over the last 70 years.

留欧派和脱欧派都在直接或间接地试图获得女王的支持，可见在过去的七十年中，女王在精神层面和身份认同上对于国民的意义。

Born just eight years after the end of WorldWar I, she grew up in World War II, training as a vehicle mechanic and lorrydriver towards its end, and the first prime minister of her reign was wartimeleader Winston Churchill.

第一次世界大战结束后的第8年，女王出生。她在二战中长大，学会了如何驾驶军用卡车和修理机器故障。女王即位后，共事的第一位首相是温斯顿·丘吉尔。

Her death marks the severing of a bond whichties modern Britain to the wartime era which, through the language of debate,continues to cast a huge defining shadow across the modern British politicallandscape, sometimes to the bafflement of other countries.

女王的去世标志着英国与二战的纽带被切断，当代英国政治始终笼罩着二战的阴翳，时时让其他国家感到困惑。

Her passing is also the end of an era for the world,as of all the world's major political leaders and heads of state, only USPresident Joe Biden, born in 1942, shares any connection to World War II.

女王的去世还标志着一个时代的结束，如今，在主要的政治领导人和国家元首中，只有出生于1942年的美国总统乔·拜登与二战有着相似的联系。

In the same way that Victoria, the previouslongest-reigning monarch, gave her name to her era, defining generations, thishas been the modern Elizabethan era, brought to a close by the Queen's death.

人们用维多利亚女王的名字为她的时代命名，定义了几代人。如今的伊丽莎白时代，因为女王的去世而宣告结束。

She is now the past, and her successor, King Charles III, is the future.Where Britain goes from here, in what state of mind, and how it handles thechallenge of striking a balance between dealing with its past, grappling withits present challenges, and embracing its future, remains to be seen.

女王已成历史，继任者查理三世国王则意味着未来。英国将何去何从，以何种心态前行，如何应对挑战，如何在应对过去、当前与迎接未来之间取得平衡，我们拭目以待。

记者：JulianShea

编辑：李雪晴

encompass

英[ɪnˈkʌmpəs]；美[ɪnˈkʌmpəs]

vt. 围绕，包围;包含或包括某事物;完成

vintage

英[ˈvɪntɪdʒ]；美[ˈvɪntɪdʒ]

adj. 酿酒的;老式的，过时的;最好的，最有特色的;古老而享有声誉的

n. 美酒;葡萄产量;酒产年，酒产地;制造年份

bloc

英[blɒk]；美[blɑːk]

n.（政治利益一致的）国家集团;共同体

successor

英[səkˈsesə(r)]；美[səkˈsesər]

n.接替的人或事物;继承人，继任者

英语新闻∣科学家发明蟑螂机器人可用于搜索和救援任务

While it may sound like something that has crawled out of your nightmares, cyborg cockroaches have arrived as friends rather than foes.

虽然蟑螂机器人听起来很恐怖，但是它其实是人类的朋友而非敌人。

Scientists in Japan have designed a new remote-controlled insect, equipped with a battery 'backpack' that is powered by solar panels.
日本科学家设计了一款新型遥控蟑螂机器人，它配备了由太阳能电池板供电的电池“背包”。

Thecockroach, which is part insect and part machine, is intended to enterhazardous areas, monitor the environment or undertake search and rescue missions without needing to be recharged.
这种蟑螂机器人是蟑螂和机器人的混合体，无需充电，用于进入危险区域，监测环境或执行搜救援任务。

The researchers from the RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research had to install some components into a tiny pack to allow for all the roach's natural movements.
来自RIKEN Cluster的研究人员进行了开创性的研究，他们必须将一些组件安装到一个小背包中，以便让蟑螂自由行动。

Lead author Kenjiro Fukuda said: 'The body-mounted ultrathin organic solar cell module achieves a power output of 17.2 mW, which is more than 50 times larger than the power output of current state-of-the art energy harvesting devices on living insects.'
研究报告的主要作者福田健次郎称：“安装在蟑螂机器人身体上的超薄有机太阳能电池模块的输出功率为17.2兆瓦，比目前最先进的昆虫能量收集装置的输出功率高出50多倍。”

Famously able to survive a nuclear war, cockroaches have been the inspiration for a number of technologies in recent years.
众所周知，蟑螂能够在核战争中幸存下来，近年来，它一直是许多技术的灵感来源。

Different teams of scientists have designed remote-controlled robo-bugs that canscale walls, carry objects and find humans during search-and-rescue missions.
一些科学家团队设计了可遥控的昆虫机器人，它们可以在搜救援任务中穿墙、携带物体和寻找人类。

The cockroaches are still alive, but wires attached to their two 'cerci' - sensory organs on the end of their abdomens - send electrical impulses that cause the insect to move right or left.
蟑螂机器人是有生命的，但连接在蟑螂腹部末端的两个感觉器官“尾蚴”上的电线发出电脉冲，控制它左右移动。

A battery is necessary for the sending and receiving of these electrical signals, which needs to be charged up.
发送和接收这些电流信号需要电池，而电池需要充电。

While it's possible to build docking stations for recharging the battery, the need to return and recharge could disrupt time-sensitive missions.
虽然可以建造充电站为电池充电，但返回充电可能会使时间紧迫的任务中断。

The RIKEN team wanted to create a more practical version that did not need to return to a docking station when it ran out of power.
RIKEN团队希望打造一个更实用的蟑螂机器人，在电源耗尽时不需要返回充电站。

Therefore, they designed an on-board solar cell that could continuously ensure that the cockroach stays charged while it works.
因此，他们设计了一种太阳能电池，可以持续确保蟑螂在工作时保持充电。

However, cockroaches have a limited surface area available for all the components necessary to move its legs and keep it powered.
然而，蟑螂的大小限制了它可以携带的腿部遥控组件的大小。

The solution, published in npj Flexible Electronics, was to design a special 'backpack' that could neatly carry both the wireless leg-control module and rechargeable lithium polymer battery.
于是研究人员设计了一种特殊的背包，以便于蟑螂携带遥控模块和可充电锂聚合物电池。这一研究成果发表在《npj-柔性电子》上。

This was attached to the top of the insect on itsthorax, and was 3D printed to fit perfectly to the curved surface of the Madagascar cockroach or Gromphadorhina portentosa.
研究人员将背包固定在蟑螂的胸腹上部，并运用3D打印技术使其完美贴合马达加斯加蟑螂的身体。

It allowed for this electronic device to be stably mounted on the insect for over a month, while leaving space elsewhere on the body to implant the solar panel.
这种电子设备可以固定在蟑螂身上一个多月，同时还留出空间给蟑螂植入太阳能电池板。

The 0.004 mm thick organic solar cell module was mounted on the dorsal side of the roach's abdomen.
0.004毫米厚的有机太阳能电池模块安装在蟑螂腹部的背侧。

Cockroach

英[ˈkɒkrəʊtʃ]美[ˈkɑkroʊtʃ]

n. [昆]蟑螂

Hazardous

英[ˈhæzədəs]美[ˈhæzərdəs]

adj. 冒险的; 有危险的; 碰运气的

scale

英[skeɪl]美[skeɪl]

v. 攀登；改变…的大小

Thorax

英[ˈθɔ:ræks] 美[ˈθɔrˌæks,ˈθor-]

n.（昆虫的）胸部

英语新闻∣中秋小长假，短途旅行占主流

Domestic tourism is projected to rebound during the upcoming Mid-Autumn Festival holiday with short-distance trips remaining a popular choice for travelers due to some travel restrictions in areas experiencing COVID-19 outbreaks.
受新冠疫情影响，部分地区受到旅行限制，但随着中秋假期临近，国内旅游预计将在此期间反弹，短途旅行成为旅行者的热门选择。

Popular for family reunions, the three-day holiday starts on Saturday. Travel agencies estimate that the holiday will provide the strongest boost for the tourism industry's recovery this year after the market showed alacklusterperformance in the first half due to the impact of the epidemic.
为期三天的中秋小长假从9月10日开始，是家庭团聚的好机会。据旅行社估计，在受疫情影响，上半年旅游市场表现平平之后，中秋小长假将为今年旅游业的复苏提供最强劲的推动力。

The latest figures from travel portal Fliggy show that most of its users are choosing to travel to areas with lower infection risks within a two-hour drive. Hotel bookings on its platform also indicate an increase in short-distance journeys.
据旅游门户网站飞猪的最新数据显示，大多数用户选择前往两小时车程内感染风险较低的地区。其平台上的酒店预订也显示出短途旅行数量的增加。

It said that in the week from Aug 29 to Sept 4,reservationsfor hotels near where its users work or live rose by 1.7 times compared with the previous week, and sales of tickets for attractions in these places increased by 2.3 times from the previous week.

飞猪网站称，8月29日至9月4日这一周，用户工作或生活地点附近的酒店预订较前一周增加了1.7倍，这些地方景点的门票销售较前一周增加了2.3倍。

To manage any possible outbreaks during the coming holiday, several provinces and regions have updated their COVID-19 prevention and control policies. Beijing, for example, suggests that residents not travel to areas with high or medium infection risks or places with recently reported confirmed cases. Those who plan to travel to Beijing should have a negative nucleic acid test result from within 24 hours and take a nucleic acid test within 72 hours of arriving in the city.

为严防假期期间出现疫情，多个省份和地区更新了新冠肺炎防控政策。例如，北京市建议居民不要前往疫情高中风险区和近期出现确诊病例的地区。拟赴京人员需持24小时内核酸检测阴性证明，入京72小时内进行核酸检测。

Online travel services provider Tuniu said that 68 percent of its users are choosing to take short-distance tours during the holiday.
在线旅游服务提供商途牛表示，68%的用户在中秋小长假期间选择短途旅行。

However, bookings for medium-and long-distance travel have also increased for the coming holiday. Trip.com Group, an online travel agency, said that as of Aug 30, bookings of its tour products for the three-day holiday had risen 137 percent when compared to the Dragon Boat Festival holiday in June.

此外，中长途旅行的预订量也有所增加。在线旅行社携程表示，截至8月30日，与6月份的端午节假期相比，中秋小长假的旅游产品预订量增加了137%。

It said that of these reservations, 47 percent were for short-distance tours and 53 percent were for long-distance ones. Bookings for long-distance tours had risen by nearly 30 percent from the Dragon Boat Festival.

携程表示，在这些预订中，47%是短途旅游，53%是长途旅游。从端午节开始，长途旅游的预订量增加了近30%。

Zuo Wei, a researcher at the New Era Culture and Tourism Institute, a third-party think tank, predicts that short-distance travel will be preferred this holiday, and people with children, and younger adults will make up thebulkoftravelers. "Night tours will also surge as appreciating the moon is one of the festival traditions," she added.    

据新时代文化旅游研究院研究员左薇预测，今年中秋国内旅游市场本地及周边游活跃度较高，亲子群体、年轻群体为出行主力。“赏月”作为中秋佳节的传统文化习俗，将带动全国各地夜游市场热度攀升。

Fliggy showed that reservations for night tour activities such as light shows and boat cruises along the Huangpu River in Shanghai increased by 146 percent in the past week.

飞猪表示，过去一周，上海灯光秀和黄浦江游船等夜间旅游活动的预订量增加了146%。

"My husband and I plan to go on a short trip to Pinggu district in Beijing this holiday, renting arecreationalvehicle," said Dong Jie, a 31-year-old from Beijing. "We plan to appreciate the moon and eat mooncakes in the RV, which is romantic."
31岁的董洁（音译）来自北京，她说：“这个假期，我和丈夫打算租一辆房车去北京平谷区做一次短途旅行。我们打算在房车里赏月、吃月饼，这很浪漫。”

She said that they had booked a trip to Tianjin to spend the holiday half a month ago but canceled due to the epidemic control policy. "It's fine for us as we planned to drive to Tianjin. Now, Yanqing is also a good choice. We just want to relax, no matter the destination."
董洁表示，他们半个月前就预定了去天津度假的行程，但由于疫情原因取消了。“开车去天津挺好的。但现在，延庆也是一个不错的选择。去哪都行，我们只是想放松。”

Tuniu said that self-driving tours will see robust growth during the holiday. It said that people from 26 to 35 years old show a higher preference for traveling on their own, and those living in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, as well as Shanghai and Beijing are more interested in self-driving trips to spend the holiday.

途牛表示，自驾游将在小产假期间显著增长。26岁至35岁的年轻人更喜欢独自旅行，而居住在江苏南京、上海和北京的人对自驾游更感兴趣。

lackluster

英['lækˌlʌstə]美['lækˌlʌstə]

adj. 无光泽的，暗淡的

reservation

英[ˌrezəˈveɪʃn]美[ˌrezərˈveɪʃn]

n. 预订

bulk

英[bʌlk]美[bʌlk]

n.（大）量

recreational

英[ˌrekriˈeɪʃənl]美[ˌrekriˈeɪʃənl]

adj. 消遣的; 娱乐的

今年中秋十五的月亮终于十五圆啦

The Mid-Autumn Festival is fast approaching! September’s fullMoon reaches its peak at 17:59 on September 10. Weather permitting,people can enjoy the glowing fullMoon from nightfall on and express their longing for their hometown and loved ones.

这个9月，即将迎来中秋节。今年的中秋月是‘十五的月亮十五圆’，最圆时刻出现在9月10日17时59分。届时只要天气晴好，从傍晚开始，人们就可以欣赏这轮‘分外明’的中秋满月，尽情寄托思念故乡、思念亲人之情。

Mid-Autumn Festival traditionally falls on the 15th day of the eighth month of the Chinese lunar calendar, which is in September or early October on the Gregorian calendar. This year, the festival falls on September 10, coinciding with Teachers’ Day. The four major traditional Chinese festivals include the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Spring Festival, the Qingming Festival, and the Dragon Boat Festival. Since ancient times, there have been customs such as appreciating the moon, offering sacrifices to the moon, and eating moon cakes.

农历八月十五是中秋节，这个节日一般出现在公历的9月7日到10月6日之间，今年中秋节在9月10日，恰逢教师节。中秋节与春节、清明节、端午节并称中国四大传统节日。中秋节自古便有赏月、祭月、吃月饼等民间习俗，流传至今。

As the saying goes, “Moon of the fifteenth gets round on the sixteenth”, that is, most full moons occur on the 16th day of the lunar calendar. This year, however, the fullMoon will occur on the 15th day of the lunar calendar, at 17:59 on September 10.

俗话说“十五的月亮十六圆”，就是说出现在农历十六的满月居多。不过，今年八月十五中秋节的月亮却是十五圆，具体满月的时间是9月10日17时59分。

According to Wang Kechao,a staff memberofPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, theMoon is the closest celestial body toEarth. The different shapes of theMoon seen fromEarth are called “lunar phases”: it can be a thin crescent moon, or it can be a full moon hanging high in the sky…

中科院紫金山天文台科普主管王科超介绍，月球是距离地球最近的天体，从地球上看月球在不同日期呈现的不同相貌即为“月相”：有时是细窄的月牙，有时是一轮满月当空高挂……

“The traditional Chinese calendar is a lunisolar calendar based on the monthly cycles of the Moon’s phases,” Wang said.On the first day of the lunar month, theMoon passes betweenEarth and theSun,making it unable to be observed on Earth. TheMoon on this day is calledthe newMoonwhich marks the beginning of a lunar cycle. The interval from the new Moon to the next is a lunar month.

“在我国传统历法中，月份即依据月相而制定。”王科超说，月球和太阳黄经相同的那一刻为“朔”，朔所在当日是朔日，也就是农历初一，这一天在地球上用肉眼看不到月亮，朔是月相变化周期的起点。从一个朔到下一个朔之间的间隔就是农历的一个月。

When will thefull Moonappear? The fullMoon does not always occur on the 15th lunar month, but more often on the 16th, rarely on the 17th, and occasionally on the 14th, Wang said.From 2021, the fullMoon will emergeon the Mid-Autumn Festival for three consecutive years.

月儿到底何时圆？王科超表示，满月并不一定刚好出现在农历十五，更多的是出现于农历十六，少数时候也会出现于农历十七，偶尔亦会出现于农历十四。从2021年开始，连续三年的中秋都会是“十五的月亮十五圆”。

来源：新华社央视网

英语新闻∣恶性通胀导致生活质量骤降英国掀起罢工潮

With inflation at a 40-year high and the cost of living soaring, Britons from all walks of life are taking to the streets to demand a pay rise. Railroad workers, postal workers, engineers, journalists, lawyers all joined the strikers.

面对创下40年新高的通胀水平和飞涨的生活成本，英国各行各业的人忍无可忍，纷纷走上街头要求涨薪。铁路工人、邮政人员、工程师、记者、律师都陆续加入了罢工者的行列。  

Workers in the United Kingdom have had enough of falling living standards.

英国的工人们已经受够了不断下降的生活标准。

Rail workers, journalists, lawyers, andpostalworkers have gone on strike in recent weeks to demand higher pay as inflation soars to its highest level in decades.

随着通胀飙升至几十年来最高水平，过去几周，铁路工人、记者、律师、邮政人员都已经罢工要求涨薪。

At least 155,000 workers are currently on strike, including staff at the country’s postal service, and engineers and call center workers for telecom provider BT (BTGOF). Two rail unions on Wednesday announced further strike action by 14,000 of their members later this month.

目前至少有15.5万名工人参加了罢工，包括英国邮政人员、工程师和英国电信客服。8月31日两家铁路工会宣布1.4万名会员将于本月晚些时候罢工。

More strikes could be on the way this fall, threateningunprecedenteddisruption across a range of industries. Teachers, doctors and nurses are set to vote on strike action in the coming weeks. Unite and Unison—the country’s biggest unions with 2.7 million members in total—are calling for others to join them in synchronized action.

今年秋天还将有更多罢工发生，可能导致一系列行业出现前所未有的混乱。教师、医生和护士将在未来几周就罢工行动进行投票。会员总人数达到270万的英国两大工会组织Unite和Unison正在呼吁更多会员加入进来，采取一致行动。

It is one of the most significant waves of industrial unrest the United Kingdom has seen since the“winter of discontent”in the late 1970s whenrampantinflation pushed workers to stage mass walkouts. About 7.9 million working days were lost between November 1978 and February 1979, according to the Office for National Statistics.

这是英国自上世纪70年代末的“不满之冬”以来最严重的罢工潮之一，当时同样是恶性通胀迫使工人实行大规模罢工。英国国家统计局的数据显示，1978年11月至1979年2月期间，英国损失了约790万个工作日。

Soaring prices and years of stagnant wages are the backdrop to this year’s disputes. Consumer price inflation hit a 40-year high of 10.1% in July. Forecasters at Citigroup said last week that inflation could shoot past 18% at the start of next year, and Goldman Sachs thinks it could even hit 22% if gas prices don’t fall soon.

今年罢工潮的背后是飞涨的物价和多年不涨的工资。英国7月份的通胀水平达到了10.1%，创下了40年新高。据花旗集团的专家上周预测，明年年初通胀率可能会突破18%。高盛集团认为，如果油价不在短期内回落，通胀率甚至可能高达22%。

Workers are already feeling the strain. Average real wages, which account for inflation, fell by 3% between April and June, compared with the same period last year. That was the biggest hit to spending power in more than 20 years. Real wages barely increased in the decade to 2020.

工人们已经感受到了生活的重压。反映通胀水平的平均实际工资在4月至6月间同比下降了3%。这是二十多年来对购买力的最大打击。在2020年之前的十年里，实际工资几乎就没涨过。

And average household energy bills—which have already risen 54% this year—are set to increase by another 80% to £3,549 ($4,124) in October. According to estimates by Auxilione, a research firm, average bills could hit £7,700 ($8,949) next April—equivalent to a £642 ($746) monthly bill.

今年英国家庭平均能源支出已经上涨了54%，而且10月份还将再上涨80%，达到3549英镑（约合人民币28220元）。据调研公司Auxilione估计，到明年4月，英国家庭平均能源支出将达到7700英镑，相当于每个月支出642英镑。

The United Kingdom has“never seen [this] level of disruption across all sectors,”Chiara Benassi, an associate professor in comparative employment relations at King’s College London, told CNN Business.

伦敦国王学院比较雇佣关系学副教授奇亚拉·贝纳西告诉美国有线电视新闻网商业频道，英国“从未出现过这种程度的各行各业混乱局面”。

In recent months, the cost-of-living crisis has acted as a“trigger”for widespreadgrievancesthat have been building up over a long period of time, she said.

她指出，近几个月来，生活成本危机成了长时间积累起来的广大民怨的一根“导火索”。

"These strikes affect not only [what] we would say [are] manual occupations or low-skilled jobs that more evidently would struggle with the cost-of-living crisis, but also highly-skilled jobs like junior doctors, British Telecom engineers, barristers, academics, teachers,”Benassi said.

贝纳西说：“这些罢工不仅影响到了我们所谓的体力劳动或低技能职业（从事这些职业的人显然更易陷入生活成本危机），也影响到了实习医生、英国电信的工程师、律师、学者和教师等高技能职业。”

UK unemployment was 3.8% between April and June this year, ONS data shows. That’s its lowest level in more than 50 years. There was also one unemployed person for every jobvacancy—a record low.

英国国家统计局的数据显示，今年4月至6月英国失业率为3.8%，是50多年来的最低水平。岗位空缺和失业者的比例为1：1，这也是历史低值。

"It means that many workers are in work and they are in a good position to ask for [a pay] increase. They cannot be easily replaced [at a macro level],”said Manuela Galetto, associate professor of employment relations at the University of Warwick’s Business School.

华威大学商学院雇佣关系学副教授曼纽拉·加莱托说：“这意味着许多工人都有工作，他们处于要求加薪的有利位置，（从宏观层面上看）不会轻易被替代。”

postal

英[ˈpəʊstl]美[ˈpoʊstl]

adj. 邮政的

unprecedented

英[ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd]美[ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd]

adj. 前所未有的，无前例的

rampant

英[ˈræmpənt]美[ˈræmpənt]

adj. 蔓延的；猖獗的

grievance

英[ˈɡriːvəns]美[ˈɡriːvəns]

n. 不满；苦衷；委屈

vacancy

英[ˈveɪkənsi]美[ˈveɪkənsi]

n. 空缺；空虚

英语新闻︱四川泸定6.8级地震已造成72人遇难，救援刻不容缓

The death toll from a magnitude 6.8 earthquake that hit Luding county in Sichuan province on Monday had risen by Tuesday evening to 72, with damaged roads, aftershocks and rain hindering rescue work, which led to an upgrading of the emergency response to the second-highest level.

截至9月6日晚间，四川泸定6.8级地震已造成72人遇难，由于道路受损、余震不断、天降大雨致使救援工作受阻，国家地震应急响应级别提升至二级。

Thirty-eight people were killed in Luding in the Ganzi Xizang autonomous prefecture, and the other 34 were in Ya'an city.

地震已造成甘孜州40人遇难、雅安市34人遇难。

Fifteen people were missing and 253 were injured in Ganzi, including five in critical condition and 70 seriously injured, according to a news conference held by the information office of the Sichuan provincial government on Tuesday.

9月6日下午，四川省“9.5”泸定地震抗震救灾省市（州）县前线联合指挥部第二次新闻发布会通报，截至9月6日14时，地震已造成甘孜州15人失联、253人受伤（其中危重伤5人，重伤70人）。

Houses and roads in Ganzi were severely damaged, power supplies to six townships were cut off, and one medium-sized and six small hydropower stations were severely damaged. More than 10 aftershocks have been recorded since the initial quake, according to the Ganzi prefectural government.

据甘孜州政府消息，甘孜州房屋、道路受损严重，6个乡镇供电中断，1座中型水库水电站、6座小型水库水电站严重受损。余震不断，已发生3.0级及以上余震10次。

The Office of the State Council Earthquake Relief Headquarters and the Ministry of Emergency Management have upgraded the emergency response to the earthquake, which took place at 12:52 pm on Monday, to Level II, the second-highest level in the four-tier emergency response system.

9月5日12时52分，国务院抗震救灾指挥部办公室、应急管理部将国家地震应急响应级别提升至二级。

All-out efforts have been made in the search and rescue operations. As of 8 am on Tuesday, more than 6,650 people, including members of the People's Liberation Army and the People's Armed Police Force, firefighters, communication workers and medical personnel, as well as nine helicopters, had been sent to the quake zone.

截至9月6日8时，累计出动解放军和武警部队、消防救援、森林消防、安能集团、安全生产、交通通信电力、医疗救援等各类救援力量6650余人以及9架直升机。

Around 1,900 soldiers from the PLA's Western Theater Command were sent to help with earthquake relief and rescue work as of Tuesday morning.

截至目前，中国人民解放军西部战区已出动官兵、武警和民兵1900余人投入抗震救灾。

A front-line command group reached the town of Moxi, the epicenter of the earthquake, after traveling overnight for six hours. The group established contact with local governments and emergency management departments to gather details of the situation and implement a unified response, the theater command said.

西部战区前方指挥组经过近6个小时的夜间长途机动，抵达震中甘孜州泸定县磨西镇后，积极与地方政府、应急管理部门沟通联系，掌握震情灾情动态信息，实施统一指挥。

On Monday afternoon, the Western Theater Command tasked affiliated authorities, including the PLA Ground Force and PLA Air Force, the Sichuan Provincial Military Command and the Xizang Military Command, with immediate rescue operations and told them to stand by for further mobilization.

9月5日下午，西部战区联指中心联动四川省军区展开灾情处置，指令战区陆军、战区空军、西藏军区、西宁联勤保障中心等单位做好出动准备。

Medical workers with relief materials, including tents, power generators and flashlights had reached the hard-hit town of Detuo, which is 20 kilometers from the epicenter, said Luo Chukai, deputy head of the publicity department of the Luding county committee of the Communist Party of China. He added that power supplies had yet to be restored in the town.

泸定县委宣传部常务副部长罗楚凯表示，医护人员已经携带帐篷、发电机、手电筒等救援物资抵达受灾严重的泸定县得妥镇，得妥镇电力供应仍未恢复。

Local residents were living in tents or had been evacuated to schools nearby, said Luo, who was in the town to assist with disaster-relief efforts.

罗楚凯介绍，得妥镇居民已疏散到应急避险点的帐篷以及学校之中。目前罗楚凯在镇上协助救灾工作。

Sichuan has allocated 50 million yuan ($7.18 million) in relief funds to Ganzi and another 50 million yuan to Ya'an, according to the information office of the provincial government.

截至目前，四川省财政厅已向本次地震受灾的甘孜州、雅安市调度资金共1亿元。

记者：黄志凌蒋成龙

aftershock

英[ˈɑ:ftəʃɒk]；美[ˈæftərʃɑk]

n. 余震

affiliated

英[əˈfɪlieɪtɪd]；美[əˈfɪlieɪtɪd]

adj. 隶属的

v. 使隶属于（affiliate的过去式和过去分词）;接纳;使发生联系

evacuate

英[ɪˈvækjueɪt]；美[ɪˈvækjueɪt]

v. 疏散，转移，撤离;排空（胃肠）

英语新闻∣揭晓：最消耗热量的8种减肥运动方式

Running

"Running is one of the best calorie burners out there,”certifiedpersonal trainer Daniel Saltos says. An average person can burn anywhere from 500 to 1000 in one hour of running.“Speed, pace, and endurance are all factors that can impact this range. But running uses every muscle group in the body, allowing you to burn more calories."

跑步。专业私人教练丹尼尔·萨尔托斯说：“跑步是最消耗热量的运动之一。”普通人跑步1小时可以燃烧500到1000卡路里。萨尔托斯指出：“速度、节奏和耐力都是影响热量消耗的因素。但是跑步会用到全身的各组肌肉群，让你消耗更多热量。”

Swimming

Swimming is a low-impact workout that also targets multiple muscle groups.“In just 30 minutes of swimming, an average person can burn 200 to 300 calories,”Saltos says. Swimming also improvescardiovascularhealth, builds endurance, and increases strength—all great reasons to want tohopin the water.

游泳。游泳是一种低强度的锻炼方式，同样也会用到多组肌肉群。萨尔托斯说：“普通人游泳30分钟就能燃烧200到300卡路里。”游泳还能改善心血管健康，增强耐力和力量，这些都是促使你去游泳的好理由。

Cycling

There’s nothing like a nice evening bike ride when the weather’s nice, and it’s actually a great workout for you as well. A long, steady bike ride can burn up to 500 to 700 calories in an hour, Saltos says.

骑车。在天气晴好的夜晚骑车出行再惬意不过了，而且也是一种很好的锻炼方式。萨尔托斯说，匀速骑车长达1小时可以消耗500到700卡路里。

High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)

If you want intensity, HIIT exercises provide exactly that. These workouts involve working hard in intervals, then resting. Because your heart rate will stay elevated, you’ll burn more calories in less time.“On average, a person will burn 400 to 600 calories in 30 minutes,”Saltos says.

高强度间歇训练。如果你想提高强度，那么高强度间歇训练非常适合你。这种训练方式是在间隔时间做高强度运动，在两组运动之间休息片刻。因为你的心率会维持在高位，所以你将在更短时间内消耗更多热量。萨尔罗斯指出：“做高强度间歇训练30分钟，平均每个人可消耗400到600卡路里。”

Jumping rope

This childhood activity can actually do wonders for your health.“Jumping rope is great for strengthening the lower and upper body while improving endurance and cardiovascular fitness,”Saltos says. It also improves your coordination, because your mind has to work while you jump. Jumping rope can burn 600 to 1000 calories in an hour.

跳绳。跳绳这一童年活动实际上对你的健康很有好处。萨尔托斯说：“跳绳对于加强上体和下肢的力量很有帮助，同时还能改善耐力和心血管健康。”跳绳还能增强你的协调性，因为你在跳绳的时候也要动脑子。跳绳1小时可燃烧600到1000卡路里。

Strength training

Strength training is one of the most efficient ways to burn more calories.“One hour of strength training can burn 300 to 400 calories on average, but you’ll continue to burn more calories throughout the day because of the EPOC effect,’”Saltos says. The EPOC effect, also known as excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, represents an increase in metabolism that occurs after strength training linked to the consumption of oxygen that is required to help restore the muscles.

力量训练。力量训练是消耗热量最有效的方式之一。萨尔托斯说：“力量训练1小时平均可燃烧300到400卡路里，而且由于运动后过量氧耗效应，你在接下来还会消耗更多热量。”运动后过量氧耗效应指的是力量训练之后的氧气消耗会加速新陈代谢从而帮助肌肉恢复。

Boxing

Not only is boxing a great way to releasepent up energy, but it also helps improve balance, boost endurance, and strengthens the upper body and core.“Boxing helps you get a good calorie burn, too, with the average person burning up 500 to 800 calories in an hour session,”Saltos says.

拳击。拳击不仅是释放过剩精力的一种很好的锻炼方式，而且也有助于改善平衡力、提升耐力、加强上体和核心力量。萨尔托斯说：“拳击也能帮你消耗很多热量，拳击1小时可让普通人消耗500到800卡路里。”

Rowing

The pushing and pulling motion of rowing machines targets multiple muscle groups including the arms, core, and back, helping you to burn more calories.“An hour of rowing will burn 400 to 600 calories on average,”Saltos says.

划船。划船机的推拉动作会动用包括手臂、核心和后背在内的多组肌肉群，从而帮助你消耗更多热量。萨尔托斯说：“划船1小时平均可消耗400到600卡路里。”

certified

英['sɜ:tɪˌfaɪd]美['sɜtəˌfaɪd]

adj. 被证明的; 有保证的; 公认的

cardiovascular

英[ˌkɑ:diəʊˈvæskjələ(r)]美[ˌkɑrdioʊˈvæskjələ(r)]

adj.心血管的

hop

英[hɒp]美[hɑːp]

vt. 跃过；登上（飞机、汽车、火车等）；在…跳来跳去

pent up

英[pent]美[pent]

V. 抑制; 幽禁