CD Voice

国产C919大飞机交付前试飞|Airlines' awaited C919 makes test flight

The first C919 large passenger aircraft to be delivered completed its maiden test flight on Saturday, according to the Commercial Aircraft Corp of China (COMAC). China's own developed jet, coded B-001J, took off at 6:52 a.m. from Shanghai Pudong International Airport and landed at the same site at 9:54 a.m. 
来自中国商飞公司的消息，5月14日6时52分，编号为B-001J的国产C919大飞机从上海浦东机场起飞，于9时54分安全降落，标志着即将交付用户的首架C919大飞机首次飞行试验圆满完成。

During the flight that lasted three hours and two minutes, pilots and engineers coordinated to complete all operations, and the plane was in good condition, said COMAC. 
中国商飞公司表示，在3小时2分钟的飞行中，试飞员与试飞工程师协调配合，完成了各项任务，飞机状态及性能良好。

In March last year, China Eastern Airlines and COMAC signed a purchase contract for five C919 planes, which will be based mainly in Shanghai after delivery.
2021年3月，东航与中国商飞签署C919采购合同。首批5架C919引进后，将以上海为主要基地。

上海将分阶段推进复商复市|Shanghai to start gradual reopening

Shopping malls, department stores, supermarkets, convenience stores and pharmacies in Shanghai will resume offline operations in a gradual and orderly manner, as the city will promote a staged resumption of commercial business and markets starting on Monday, the city's vice-mayor said on Sunday. The resumption will stick to the principles of "reopening in order, limited shopper flow, effective control, and classified management" while strictly implementing epidemic prevention and control measures, Vice-Mayor Chen Tong said at a news briefing.
在5月15日召开的上海市新冠肺炎疫情防控新闻发布会上，上海市副市长陈通表示，上海将按照 “有序放开、有限流动、有效管控、分类管理”原则，严格落实各项疫情防控措施。5月16日起，分阶段推进复商复市。

All retail venues need to design entry and exit channels, limit the flow of customers and provide services for placing orders online, but also provide delivery offline along with in-store service.
购物中心、百货商场、超市卖场、便利店、药店等商业网点逐步有序恢复线下营业，划定进出通道，做好人员限流，并推行“线上订、线下送”和“线下到店消费”服务。

Catering and hairdresser services will resume gradually. 
餐饮、理发和洗染服务逐步有序恢复。

Catering operators can take orders both online and offline but only provide takeaway service. 
餐饮服务实行线上、线下外卖。

Hairdressers must also limit the number of customers.
理发、洗染服务实行错峰限流。

IMF上调人民币SDR权重|IMF lifts weighting of RMB

In the latest valuation review of the Special Drawing Right－an international reserve asset also known as SDR, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) raised the weight of the renminbi in the basket of currencies that make up the SDR by 1.36 percentage points, to 12.28 percent, the People's Bank of China, the nation's central bank, said on Sunday. The SDR valuation review, completed on Wednesday, marked the first review since the renminbi was included in the SDR basket in 2016, with a share of 10.92 percent, the central bank said. 
中国人民银行5月15日发布消息称，国际货币基金组织执董会于5月11日完成对特别提款权(SDR)的定值审查，决定将人民币在SDR货币篮子中的权重提高1.36个百分点，从10.92%上调至12.28%。这是自2016年人民币"入篮"后的首次审查。

Effective Aug 1, the weight increase will allow the renminbi to continue to account for the third-largest share in the basket, behind only the US dollar and the euro, but ranking higher than the Japanese yen and the British pound.
新的SDR货币篮子将于今年8月1日正式生效。调整后，人民币权重仍处在美元、欧元之后的第三位，排在日元和英镑之前。

美国超三分之二民众成月光族|Two-thirds of Americans live paycheck to paycheck

Inflation is showing no signs of slowing down, making it harder for workers to make ends meet. 
美国的高通胀没有缓和迹象，这使得工薪阶层艰难维持生计。

The Consumer Price Index increased 8.3% from a year ago, higher than the 8.1% estimate, according to the US Bureau of Statistics. 
美国劳工统计局的数据显示，美国消费者价格指数（CPI）同比上涨8.3%，高于8.1%的预期。

Although it was down slightly from the March peak, inflation is still growing at the fastest annual pace in about four decades. 
尽管通胀率略低于3月份的峰值，但仍在以近40年来最快的年增长速度增长。

As of March, close to two-thirds, or 64%, of the US population was living paycheck to paycheck, just shy of the high of 65% in 2020, according to a LendingClub report. 
美国在线借贷平台LendingClub的一份报告显示，截至今年3月，近三分之二（64%）的美国人成为月光族，略低于2020年65%的高点。

"The number of people living paycheck to paycheck today is reminiscent of the early days of the pandemic, and it has become the dominant lifestyle across income brackets," said Anuj Nayar, LendingClub's financial health officer.
LendingClub财务健康官阿努伊•纳亚尔称：“如今，月光族的数量让人想起新冠疫情初期，‘月光’已经成为不同收入阶层中占主导地位的生活方式。”

valuation

英[ˌvæljuˈeɪʃn]；美[ˌvæljuˈeʃən]

n.估价；估定的价格或价值；定价；评价

inflation

英[ɪnˈfleɪʃn]；美[ɪnˈfleɪʃn]

n.膨胀；通货膨胀；夸张；自命不凡

reminiscent

英[ˌremɪˈnɪsnt]；美[ˌremɪˈnɪsnt]

adj.怀旧的；回忆往事的；使人联想…的

英语新闻|新“八级工”制度

The central government has said it will fully implement a new assessment and evaluation system for skilled workers, with the aim of producing more skilled talent in a scientific and effective way and securing the group a fairer working environment by improving its sense of honor and achievement.

中央政府表示将全面实施新的技能人才考核评价体系，以科学有效地培养更多的技术人才，并通过提高技术工人的荣誉感和成就感，创造更公平的工作环境。

The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security recently released a guideline, clarifying that the employers of skilled workers and officially authorized social training organizations can provide assessment and evaluation to those who have the abilities and desire promotion.

人力资源和社会保障部印发《关于健全完善新时代技能人才职业技能等级制度的意见（试行）》（一下简称《意见》）明确，用人单位和社会培训评价组织，要根据不同类型技能人才的工作特点，试行分类评价。

The guideline has set up a new professional title system with eight technical titles, under which skilled workers can rise up from being a basic apprentice to the highest level of chief skilled worker.

《意见》建立了新“八级工”制度，在这一制度下，熟练的工人可以从初级学徒成长为最高级别的首席技师。

The nation will standardize technical professions by improving the evaluation system and skills assessment, according to the guideline, and workers' ethics and the spirit of craftsmanship will be included in their comprehensive evaluation.

国家将通过完善职业标准体系和技能评估来规范技术职业，并将工人的职业道德和工艺精神纳入综合评估。

In the 1950s, the nation planned an assessment system for skilled workers with eight professional grades. The system was later simplified to five levels in the 1990s, said Fan Wei, a researcher from the Chinese Academy of Personnel Science.

上世纪五十年代，我国确立了老“八级工”技能人才评价制度。中国人事科学院研究员范巍表示，该系统后来在九十年代简化成“五级工”体系。

According to Fan, the evaluation system for skilled workers has changed over the past few decades.

范巍强调，过去几十年来，技能人员的评估体系发生了变化。

"In 2017, the nation released State-level content for officially recognized professions, which reduced technical professions from 399 to 81. The release raised the threshold for some professions while breeding some illegal behaviors like selling fake certifications."

“2017年《国家职业资格目录》的发布，将原有399项技能人员职业资格删减为81项。大幅压缩职业资格数量、提升资格证书含金量的同时，一些虚假资格证书趁虚而入。”

Fan said that to regulate the evaluation system for skilled workers, the human resources ministry launched a guideline focusing on system reform in August 2019.

范巍表示，为了规范技能人员的评估体系，人力资源部于2019年8月启动了一项以制度改革为重点的指导方针。

Progressive steps have been in place since 2020 to build up a scientific and ability-driven system to evaluate skilled workers and facilitate their job promotions.

自2020年以来，国家采取一系列循序渐进的措施，建立了一个科学和能力驱动的体系，用以评估技能人员并保障他们的工作晋升。

Skilled workers, however, are still in short supply due to social prejudices and an unsound evaluation system. Figures from the ministry show that, by the end of 2020, there were over 200 million skilled workers in China.

然而，由于社会偏见和不健全的评估体系，技能人员仍旧短缺。人社部数据显示，截至2020年底，全国技能人才总量超过2亿人。

Liu Kang, director of the capability promotion department of the human resources ministry, said in a recent interview with People's Daily that it's necessary to create a friendly environment to attract more people to become skilled workers.

人力资源和社会保障部职业能力建设司司长刘康近期在接受《人民日报》采访时表示，需要营造有利于技能人才成长和发挥作用的制度环境。

Liu said that the new assessment system aims to optimize the working environment of the group by creating a smooth promotion channel and increasing their salaries in accordance with the evaluation results.

刘康强调，新“八级工”制度是为了畅通技能人才发展通道，提高其待遇水平，优化技能人才成长环境。

Chen Lixiang, vice-chairman for the Chinese Society for Technical and Vocational Education, said it takes time to establish a uniform evaluation system for skilled workers, which is not only based on current technical development, but also the educational background and personnel system of the workers.

中国职业技术教育学会副会长陈李翔表示，建立一个统一的技能工人评估体系需要时间，这不仅基于当前的技术发展，还基于工人的教育背景和人事制度。

The emergence of digital technologies has meant there are higher requirements in terms of skills.

数字技术的出现意味着对技能的要求更高。

He said the newly released eight-level evaluation system will allow the skills of workers to adapt to the nation's needs, and in turn lead to more knowledge and innovation.

陈李翔说，新“八级工”评估体系将使技能工人适应国家的需要，进而推进更多的知识和创新。

Chen added that if a worker serves a post for a long time without any promotions, he or she may lose passion for the job. The new evaluation system will give skilled workers more opportunities for job promotion and increases in their salaries.

陈李翔强调，一个人长期在某个岗位工作，如没有晋升和发展通道，则很难保持可持续的工作热情。新“八级工”制度使有技能等级晋升需求的人员均有机会得到技能评价，有利于实现多劳者多得、技高者多得。

apprentice

英[əˈprentɪs]；美[əˈprentɪs]

n.学徒，徒弟

v.使当…的学徒

unsound

英[ˌʌnˈsaʊnd]；美[ʌnˈsaʊnd]

adj.不健全的；不稳固的；无根据的；腐烂的

英语新闻|缺货率高达40%！美国婴幼儿奶粉危机引发恐慌

Major US pharmacies have restricted sales of baby formula in response to a worsening shortage of the special milk.

由于婴幼儿配方奶粉短缺问题愈演愈烈，美国各大药房已经开始实行限购措施。

CVS and Walgreens are among the big chains to have imposed limits in recent weeks on how many cans customers can buy at a time.

西维斯和沃尔格林等大型连锁药店几周前已开始限制顾客单次购买的奶粉罐数。

The shortages intensified after Abbott - which makes top brand Similac - shut a key factory and issued a recall in February after finding contamination.

自从生产配方奶粉大品牌Similac的雅培公司关闭了一家主要工厂并在二月份召回受污染奶粉后，奶粉短缺问题变得更加严重。

Republicans, such as Senator Tom Cotton, have called it a "national crisis" that the White House must address.

参议员汤姆·科顿等共和党人将奶粉短缺问题称为白宫必须出面解决的“全国性危机”。

Abbott issued the recall of certain batches of powdered formula in February after reports that four babies who had been fed from cans from the factory became sick, including two who died.

在雅培的那家工厂被曝出其产品导致四名婴儿生病，其中还有两名婴儿因此死亡后，雅培在二月份召回了部分批次的配方奶粉。

The Centers for Disease Control and Protection said they were investigating a possible link, but that testing so far had found the strain of bacteria detected at the factory did not match that found in the sickened babies.

美国疾病控制和预防中心称，他们正在调查一条线索，但是到目前为止的检测显示工厂发现的菌种和生病婴儿体内发现的菌种不符。

Separately, the FDA criticised Abbott for unsanitary conditions.

此外，美国食品药品管理局也批评雅培的卫生条件不佳。

But the shortage pre-dates those issues and has been building since last year due to supply chain and other factors, according to research firm Datasembly, which tracks 11,000 stores across the US.

但是调研机构Datasembly指出，早在这些事件发生之前，由于供应链和其他因素，自去年以来美国的奶粉短缺问题就已经愈演愈烈。Datasembly追踪调查了美国各地11000家商店。

The situation deteriorated further last month, as publicity of the problem grew and parents raced to stock up.

随着媒体报道增多，父母们争相抢购囤货，上个月奶粉短缺问题进一步恶化。

As of 24 April, the average out-of-stock rate across the country had jumped to 40%, up from just 30% a few weeks earlier - and 11% in November, according to Datasembly.

Datasembly的数据显示，截至4月24日，美国各地的平均缺货率已经飙升至40%，就在几周之前，缺货率只有30%，去年11月缺货率仅为11%。

There were 26 states with out of stock rates higher than 40% - compared to just seven states three weeks earlier, it said.

Datasembly指出，美国有26个州缺货率高于40%，而三周之前缺货率高于40%的只有7个州。

"Due to increased demand and various supplier challenges, infant and toddler formulas are seeing constraint across the country," the major pharmacy chain Walgreens said in a statement.

大型连锁药店沃尔格林在一份声明中称：“由于需求增加和各种供应挑战，美国各地的婴幼儿配方奶粉都开始限购。”

Walgreens has limited families to buying three cans at a time - similar to other retailers. A 12.4 ounce can of formula typically lasts for about 15 bottles - or just a few days' worth of supply.

和其他零售商一样，沃尔格林限制每户一次只能购买3罐奶粉。一罐12.4盎司（约350克）的配方奶粉通常可以冲泡约15瓶奶，只够喝几天。

Companies that produce items like baby formula - in which demand is typically steady over time - have troubles catching up when there is disruption, said Rudi Leuschner, director of the masters in supply chain management programme at Rutgers Business School.

罗格斯大学商学院供应链管理项目硕士生导师鲁迪·洛伊什纳表示，一直以来婴幼儿配方奶粉的需求量通常都很稳定，但是生产商在供应链被打乱后难以再维持产量。

And as parents rush to buy as stories of empty shelves spread, that only makes the problem worse, he warned.

他警告称，缺货的消息让父母们争相抢购，这只会让问题更严重。

Overall, birth rates are falling, reaching the lowest point on record in the US in 2020. Studies have also found that consumption of infant formula has been declining in favour of breast milk.

从总体上来看，美国的生育率正在下降，2020年一度跌至史上最低水平。研究还发现，随着选择母乳喂养的人增多，婴幼儿奶粉的消费量一直在降低。

contamination

英[kənˌtæmɪˈneɪʃn]；美[kənˌtæmɪˈneɪʃn]

n.污染，弄脏；毒害

deteriorate

英[dɪˈtɪəriəreɪt]；美[dɪˈtɪriəreɪt]

v.恶化，变坏；衰退

英语新闻|芬兰确认申请加入北约

Finland on Sunday confirmed its bid for NATO membership as a bulwark against Russia, redrawing the balance of power in Europe after decades of military non-alignment.

5月15日，芬兰正式确认加入北约以对抗俄罗斯，此行为标志着其放弃奉行数十年的的军事不结盟政策，重塑欧洲的力量平衡。

In Helsinki, President Sauli Niinisto called the move historic. "A new era is opening," he said, before the decision is put before parliament for approval.

芬兰总统绍利·尼尼斯托在提交此决议于议会批准之前称，此举具有历史意义“一个新时代正在开启”。

Finland's move, expected to be followed by neighboring Sweden, has angered the Kremlin, which insists the Nordic nations have nothing to fear and it promised reprisals.

芬兰邻国瑞典获奖效仿芬兰申请加入北约，此举激怒了俄罗斯，俄方发言人坚称北欧国家没有什么可害怕的，称其将采取报复手段。

One day before the decision, the Finnish head of state phoned his Russian counterpart President Vladimir Putin to inform him of his country's desire to join NATO, in a conversation described as "direct and straightforward".

5月14日，芬兰总统致电俄罗斯总统普京，双方就芬兰申请加入北约的意向进行了坦诚交流。

But Putin responded by warning that joining NATO "would be a mistake since there is no threat to Finland's security", a Kremlin statement said.

普京强调：“这是一个错误决定，芬兰的安全没有收到威胁。”

Russia has already pulled the plug on electricity supplies to Finland, with whom it shares a 1,300-kilometer border, prompting grid bosses to ask Sweden for backup.

俄芬两国边境线长达1300公里，俄罗斯现已停止向芬兰供电。芬兰电力系统总裁称将从瑞典进口更多电力。

Attention now turns to Berlin. Earlier on Sunday, Germany said it has made all preparations for a quick ratification process should Finland and Sweden decide to apply for NATO membership, Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock said, while underlining both countries' need for security guarantees.

5月15日，德国外交部长安娜莱娜·贝尔伯克表示，如果芬兰和瑞典决定申请加入北约，德国联邦政府已经做好快速批准这两国加入的一切准备工作，同时强调芬瑞两国对安全保障的需求。

"Germany has prepared everything to do a quick ratification process," she told reporters on the second day of talks with her NATO counterparts in Berlin, adding that ministers had agreed at a dinner on Saturday that there should not be a gray zone between the time they apply and the time they join.

15日，北约外长非正式会议在柏林召开，德国外交部长在16日告诉记者：“德国已经准备好一切，以实施快速批准流程。”她还说，北约成员国外长已在14日的一场晚宴期间商定，芬瑞两国申请“入约”与它们最终“入约”之前不应该存在过渡期，或者说灰色时期。

In other developments, Russian diplomats in Washington are being threatened with violence, and US intelligence services are trying to make contact with them, Tass news agency cited the country's ambassador as saying on Saturday.

俄罗斯塔斯社14日援引俄罗斯驻美国大使的话称，俄驻美大使馆人员遭到暴力威胁，美国情报部门还试图诱降俄外交官。

Since the conflict in Ukraine broke out, face-to-face meetings with US officials had ended, Anatoly Antonov told Russian television.

俄驻美大使安东诺夫告诉俄罗斯媒体，自俄乌冲突爆发以来，美国政府完全停止了与俄驻美大使馆人员的面对面联系。

'Besieged fortress'

“一座被围困的堡垒”

"It's like a besieged fortress," Russia's state news agency Tass quoted him as saying. "Embassy employees are receiving threats, including threats of physical violence.

俄罗斯塔斯社引用了安东诺夫的话，“就如同一座被围困的堡垒，大使馆的工作人员受到威胁，包括人身暴力的威胁。”

"Agents from US security services are hanging around outside the Russian embassy, handing out CIA and FBI phone numbers, which can be called to establish contact."

“美国安全部门的特工在俄罗斯大使馆外闲逛，分发美国中央情报局和联邦调查局的电话号码，试图与俄外交官取得联系。”

The CIA and the FBI declined to comment. The Office of the Director of National Intelligence and the US State Department did not immediately return messages seeking comment.

美国中央情报局和联邦调查局拒绝对此置评。美国国家情报局长办公室和美国国务院目前都没有回复相关消息。

And away from the conflict, Ukraine was basking in the morale-boosting glory of the landslide win of its entry to the Eurovision Song Contest, the world's biggest live music event.

远离冲突的乌克兰正沉浸在欧洲歌唱大赛，也是世界上最大的现场音乐盛会夺冠的喜悦中。

reprisal

英[rɪˈpraɪzl]；美[rɪˈpraɪzəl]

n.报复（行为）；（特指国家间的）暴力性报复，报复行为，[史]（对敌国人民，财产的）报复性劫掠；<罕>赔偿，赔款

ratification

英[ˌrætɪfɪ'keɪʃn]；美[ˌrætɪfɪ'keɪʃn]

n.正式批准，认可；承认

A Chinese character “biáng”, which even a majority of Chinese people don’t recognize because of its unique pronunciation and complicated overlapping strokes, has suddenly gone viral on Reddit, a foreign social platform. It started when a Reddit user posted a video showing how it took him nearly a minute to write the character.

“biáng”一个让大多数中国人都感到极难的字，最近突然在国外论坛网站Reddit上火了。起因是有人发了一条视频，视频中他花了将近一分钟才把这个字写完。

Foreign netizens were shocked after watching the video. Some said, “I would have been illiterate if I were born in China.” Others said jokingly, “I thought he was going to draw a QR code.” “So is he writing an essay, a sentence or just one word?”

视频一出，评论区的老外们炸锅了。有的人表示：“如果出生在中国，那我肯定是一个文盲。”有的人开玩笑说：“我以为他要画一个二维码。”还有人说：“他到底是在写一篇论文、一句话、还是一个字呀？”

Actually, even in the Chinese context, the character “biáng” is rarely seen. It refers only to a kind of food, biángbiáng noodles, in China’s northwestern Shaanxi province.

事实上在我国，“biáng”这个字也很少见。现在只用于陕西特色美食“biáng biáng面”这一种场景。

Alternatively known as youpo chemian in Chinese, the noodles, touted as one of the “eight strange wonders of Shaanxi”, are described as being like a belt, owing to their thickness and length.

这种面条在我国还被称为油泼扯面，作为“陕西八大怪”之一，被描述为面条宽的像裤带。

The character “biáng” doesn’t actually exist, at least not in official Chinese dictionaries. It is onomatopoeic, meant to mimic the sound of people pulling the dough and slapping it on the counter. Upon closer inspection of the symbol, it is comprised of many distinct elements that, together, paint a picture of Xi’an’s rich history.

“biáng”实际上并不存在，至少在官方汉语词典中不存在。这个字其实是拟声词，意在模仿面团撞击案板的声音。仔细观察这个汉字，它是由许多不同元素构成的，共同描绘了西安深厚的历史。

As a representative of Chinese civilization, Chinese characters are extensive and profound and have undergone thousands of years of development and evolution.

作文中华文明的代表，汉字博大精深，经历了数千年的发展演变。

As the Chinese character “biáng” has become a hot topic on the Internet, it is not difficult to find foreign people’s interest of and affection for interesting Chinese characters and Chinese culture. 

随着汉字“biáng”成为网络上的热门话题，不难发现外国人对汉字和中国文化的兴趣和喜爱。

Chinese scientists have contributed to the global effort that captured the world's first image of Sagittarius A, the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy, according to the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, one of the participants in the project.

银河系中心黑洞人马座A*（Sgr A*）首张照片在中国科学院上海天文台揭开了面纱。

Experts believe the image of Sagittarius A will help people better understand the extreme celestial objects called black holes and the evolution of our galaxy.

专家相信人马座A*的形象将帮助人们更好地理解称为黑洞的极端天体和我们星系的演化。

The Event Horizon Telescope, a global network of synchronized radio observatories that produced the first image of a black hole in 2019, held a news conference on Thursday to present the mug shot of the behemoth lurking behind the clouds of dust and gas that surround the center of our home galaxy.

“事件视界望远镜（EHT）”是全球同步射电观测台网络，它于2019年拍摄了第一张黑洞图像。周四，该望远镜举行了一场新闻发布会，展示了潜伏在我们家园星系中心的尘埃和气体云背后的巨兽的照片。

While it is impossible to see the black hole itself, because its enormous gravitational pull traps light, scientists did manage to capture the swirling mass of superheated interstellar material, the orange ring-shaped silhouette surrounding it.

虽然不可能看到黑洞本身，因为它巨大的引力会捕捉光线，但科学家确实设法捕捉到了过热的星际物质的漩涡质量，即围绕它的橙色环形轮廓。

The image is the culmination of five years' worth of work done by more than 300 researchers from 80 institutions around the globe.

这张图片是全球80家机构的300多名研究人员在五年时间里所做工作的顶峰。

Shen Zhiqiang, director of the Shanghai observatory and the Event Horizon Telescope's coordinator in China, said scientists may eventually be able to produce a "short film" of Sagittarius A as more highly sensitive telescopes join the global endeavor.

上海天文台主任、事件地平线望远镜驻中国协调员沈志强表示，随着更高灵敏度的望远镜加入全球努力，科学家们最终可能能够拍摄一部黑洞的“电影”。

Sagittarius A is located about 27,000 light years away from our solar system. It has an estimated mass of more than 4 million times that of the sun. It's about 24 million kilometers in diameter.

人马座A*距离太阳系大约27，000光年。

据估计，它的质量是太阳质量的400多万倍。

直径约2400万公里。

The black hole is now mostly dormant and only occasionally absorbs nearby gas or dust, but it holds many mysteries that have puzzled scientists for decades, such as its birth and growth.

黑洞现在大多处于休眠状态，只是偶尔吸收附近的气体或尘埃，但它包含着数十年来困扰科学家的许多谜团，比如它的诞生和生长。

Black holes typically form when the nuclear fusion of a very massive star fizzles out and it collapses upon itself into a super dense celestial object.

黑洞通常形成时，一个非常大的恒星的核融合消失，它自己坍塌成为一个超稠密的天体。

However, the mechanism that forms supermassive black holes like Sagittarius A is unclear because no star is large enough to directly collapse into a black hole of this size, let alone much bigger black holes like the Messier 87, the subject of the first black hole image.

然而，形成像人马座A*那样的超大质量黑洞的机理还不清楚，因为没有一颗恒星大到足以直接坍塌成这种大小的黑洞，更不用说像第一张黑洞图像的主题Messier 87那样大得多的黑洞了。

Proposed explanations include that smaller black holes grow larger by swallowing nearby interstellar gas and dust or stars, or by merging with other black holes.

提议的解释包括，较小的黑洞通过吞咽附近的星际气体和尘埃或恒星，或者与其他黑洞合并而变大。

新闻集锦|天舟四号货运飞船成功发射

天舟四号货运飞船成功发射|China launches cargo craft to supply space station

China launched the Tianzhou-4 cargo spacecraft on Tuesday to deliver supplies to its space station, which is scheduled to wrap up construction this year. The Long March-7 Y5 rocket carrying Tianzhou-4, blasted off at 1:56 a.m. (Beijing Time) from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site in the southern island province of Hainan, according to the China Manned Space Agency. After around 10 minutes, Tianzhou-4 separated from the rocket and entered its designated orbit. At 2:23 a.m., the solar panels of the cargo craft unfolded and began working. Tianzhou-4 successfully docked with the combined space station core module Tianhe and the Tianzhou-3 cargo craft later on Tuesday.
据中国载人航天工程办公室消息，北京时间5月10日1时56分，搭载天舟四号货运飞船的长征七号遥五运载火箭，在我国文昌航天发射场点火发射，约10分钟后，飞船与火箭成功分离，进入预定轨道，2时23分，飞船太阳能帆板顺利展开工作，发射取得圆满成功。在历经数小时的飞行后，天舟四号顺利"牵手"空间站天和核心舱与天舟三号组合体。根据计划，中国空间站将于今年完成在轨建造，此次天舟四号的任务是向空间站运输物资。

今年前4个月我国外贸增长7.9%|Foreign trade increases in first four months

China's total import and export value amounted to 12.58 trillion yuan in the first four months of 2022, a year-on-year increase of 7.9 percent, official data showed Monday. 
海关总署5月9日发布的数据显示，今年前4个月，我国货物贸易进出口总值12.58万亿元，同比增长7.9%。

Exports grew 10.3 percent year-on-year to 6.97 trillion yuan, while imports expanded 5 percent to 5.61 trillion yuan in the first four months according to the General Administration of Customs. 
其中，出口6.97万亿元，增长10.3%；进口5.61万亿元，增长5%。

The number of foreign trade enterprises with actual performance increased 4.7 percent year-on-year, said Li Kuiwen, director of the Department of Statistics and Analysis at the GAC. 
海关总署统计分析司司长李魁文介绍，前4个月，有进出口实绩的外贸企业数量同比增加4.7%。

China’s foreign trade structure continued to be optimized in the first four months, with general trade imports and exports reaching 8.01 trillion yuan, an increase of 11.2 percent year-on-year.
海关统计显示，前4个月我国外贸结构持续优化，一般贸易进出口8.01万亿元，同比增长11.2%。

2025年全国护士总数达到550万人|China to have 5.5 million nurses by 2025

China will have 5.5 million nurses by 2025 according to a new plan released by the National Health Commission. There will be an average of 3.8 registered nurses for every 1,000 people by 2025. 
国家卫健委近日印发《全国护理事业发展规划（2021-2025年）》。规划要求，到2025年，全国护士总数达到550万人，每千人口注册护士数达到3.8人。

At the end of 2020, the number of registered nurses in China was over 4.7 million, up 45 percent from 2015. 
规划指出，2020年底，全国注册护士总数470余万人，较2015年增幅达45%。

Over 70 percent of the country's nurses have a junior college degree or above. 
具有大专以上学历的护士超70%，护士队伍学历素质进一步提高。

The plan stated the improvement of nursing is of great significance to improving people's health and actively responding to the aging of the population.
促进护理事业高质量发展对全面推进健康中国建设、积极应对人口老龄化具有重要意义。

去年中国沿海海平面较常年高84毫米|China records highest sea level in 40 yrs

China has recorded a high coastal sea level over the past 10 years, reaching a peak in 2021 according to a report by the Ministry of Natural Resources. 
自然资源部近日发布的《2021年中国海平面公报》显示，过去10年（2012年~2021年）我国沿海海平面总体呈波动上升趋势，并于2021年达到高位。

Over the past year the sea level has been 84 millimeters higher than it was between 1993 and 2011. 
2021年，我国沿海海平面较常年(公报将1993-2011年定为常年时段)高84毫米。

The rising sea level is largely due to global warming, which has led to the expansion of seawater and the melting of glaciers and polar ice caps. 
全球海平面上升主要由气候变暖导致的海水增温膨胀、陆地冰川和极地冰盖融化等因素造成。

In China, land subsidence also contributes to a relative rise in sea level.
此外，在我国，地面沉降也会造成局地海平面相对上升。

cargo

英[ˈkɑːɡəʊ]；美[ˈkɑːrɡoʊ]

n.（船或飞机装载的）货物

designate

英[ˈdezɪɡneɪt]；美[ˈdezɪɡneɪt]

v.命名，指定；指派，委任

adj.尚未就职的

amount

英[əˈmaʊnt]；美[əˈmaʊnt]

n.金额；数量，数额；程度

v.共计

coastal

英[ˈkəʊstl]；美[ˈkoʊstl]

adj.近海的，沿海的

英语新闻|社会成本最低的抗疫策略

China is completely capable of implementing its dynamic zero-COVID policy, as it is formulated in accordance with the country's own conditions, Foreign Ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian said on Wednesday after World Health Organization head Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus commented on the policy.

5月11日，外交部发言人赵立坚回应世界卫生组织总干事谭德赛对中国动态清零防疫政策表态。赵立坚表示，中国政府从自身国情出发制定并实施“动态清零”政策。我国完全有基础、有条件、有能力实现“动态清零”。

"China's dynamic zero-COVID policy is not aimed at realizing zero infection, but rather at bringing the epidemic situation under control with the minimum social cost and in the shortest time possible," Zhao said at a regular news briefing in Beijing.

赵立坚在外交部例行记者会上表示：“中国的‘动态清零’总方针不是追求零感染，而是要以最低的社会成本，在最短的时间内控制住疫情。”

He said the one and only purpose of the policy is to effectively protect the health of more than 1.4 billion Chinese to the maximum while securing sustainable and stable socioeconomic development.

他强调，该政策的宗旨只有一个，就是最大限度保障人民生命健康，同时以良好的防控成效保障经济社会持续健康稳定发展。

"Now the overwhelming majority of the Chinese population in most parts of the country are enjoying normal lives and production. And China's national infection rate and mortality rate for COVID-19 remain at the lowest level in the world," he said.

赵立坚表示：“现在我国绝大多数地区、绝大多数民众生产生活正常，我国全国感染率和死亡率保持全球最低水平。”

In March, a systematic analysis of COVID-related mortality published in The Lancet estimated that the global all-age rate of mortality due to the COVID pandemic was 120.3 deaths per 100,000 of population.

《柳叶刀》杂志3月发表的一篇论文，对疫情相关死亡率进行分析估计，全球因新冠导致的超额死亡率为每10万人120人。

While the mortality rate due to COVID-19 was 179.3 per 100,000 in the United States, the figure was only 0.6 per 100,000 in China, according to the analysis.

据分析，美国的超额死亡率为每10万人179人，而在中国，这一数据仅为每10万人0.6人。

"It is thanks to the dynamic zero-COVID policy that China has withstood the most challenging COVID-19 control test since the anti-epidemic battle of Wuhan in early 2020," Zhao said. "China is one of the countries with the most successful COVID response in the world. This is a reality witnessed by the international community."

赵立坚表示：“今年3月以来，中国疫情防控经受住武汉保卫战以来最为严峻的防控考验并取得了阶段性成效。我国政府的防控方针是经得起历史检验的，我们的防控措施是科学有效的。我国是世界上疫情防控最成功的国家之一。这是国际社会有目共睹的事实。”

The spokesman mentioned a new study saying that China faces an Omicron "tsunami" that could overwhelm hospitals and kill more than 1.5 million people if it abandons its dynamic zero-COVID strategy.

赵立坚还提到了一项最新报道称，如果中国放弃严格的“动态清零”政策，将可能导致150多万人死于新冠疫情。

China's huge population also means that relaxing prevention and control measures would inevitably lead to the death of a large number of elderly people, he said.

他强调，我国作为人口大国，若放松疫情防控必将导致大量老年人死亡。

"China's dynamic zero-COVID policy has offered effective protection to the elderly and vulnerable groups with underlying health conditions. It is distinctly different from the 'herd immunity' and 'natural immunity' approaches followed by some countries not long ago," Zhao said.

他表示：“我国‘动态清零’总方针有效保护了老年人和有基础疾病的弱势人群。中国的防控政策同一些国家奉行的所谓‘群体免疫’‘自然免疫’的‘躺平’政策有着明显区别。”

A Beijing-based epidemiologist who requested anonymity said that in February, senior WHO experts like Mike Ryan and Maria Van Kerkhove had said at a news briefing that every country should chart its own path out of the pandemic.

北京的一位流行病学家指出，今年二月，包括世界卫生组织卫生紧急项目负责人迈克尔·瑞安和世界卫生组织卫生紧急项目技术主管玛丽亚·范·科霍夫等在内的世卫组织高级官员在新闻发布会上表示，各国在取消防疫限制措施方面，应该根据本国情况，按照自己的节奏来规划自己的路径。

"This is exactly what China has been doing. We want to find an alternative to the coexistence strategy that many other countries are adopting, because China cannot live with COVID with its current conditions without paying enormous social and economic costs," he added.

该学者指出：“这正是中国一直在做的事情。我们希望找到一种方案来替代其他许多国家正在采取的共存战略，因为我国一旦选择与新冠共存，就要付出巨大的社会和经济的代价。”

mortality

英[mɔːˈtæləti]；美[mɔːrˈtæləti]

n.死亡数，死亡率；必死性，必死的命运

herd immunity

英[hə:d ɪˈmju:nɪti:]；美[hɚd ɪˈmjunɪti]

群体免疫

coexistence

英[ˌkəʊɪgˈzɪstəns]；美[ˌkoʊɪgˈzɪstəns]

n.共处；共存

新闻集锦|高校毕业生就业促进周启动

高校毕业生就业促进周启动|Career fairs offer 1.4 million jobs

The Ministry of Education launched its college graduate recruitment week on Monday. The event, which aims to expand employment opportunities and help graduates overcome employment issues caused by the epidemic, began both online and offline in Henan, Beijing, Jilin, Shandong, Chongqing and Yunnan. 
为助力广大高校应届毕业生克服疫情影响顺利求职，5月9日教育部启动2022届高校毕业生就业促进周。活动在河南郑州设主会场，在北京、吉林、山东、重庆、云南设5个分会场，以线上、线下方式同步启动。

The offline events are expected to provide more than 600,000 positions, while the online employment service will offer more than 800,000, the ministry said. 
线下活动预计为毕业生提供超过60万个职位，线上招聘会提供岗位超过80万个。

Some 15,000 online and offline job fairs are expected across the country during the week. 
就业促进周期间，各地各高校将举办各级各类线上线下招聘会预计超过1.5万场。

China will have a record 10.76 million college graduates this year, 1.67 million more than last year.
今年全国普通高校毕业生总规模是1076万，同比增加了167万。

县城城镇化建设意见出台|County towns prioritized in urbanization

China has released guidelines demanding various localities promote urbanization with a focus on county towns. The guidelines, jointly issued by the General Office of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council General Office, said the move aims to better meet the needs of rural residents to find jobs and settle down in county towns. 
为更好满足农民到县城就业安家需求，中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅近日印发《关于推进以县城为重要载体的城镇化建设的意见》。

The guidelines list a series of measures including developing competitive industries, creating more jobs in county towns and strengthening ecological conservation, adding by 2025, major progress should be seen. 
《意见》提出培育发展特色优势产业、稳定扩大县城就业岗位、加强生态保护等建设任务，并明确发展目标：到2025年，以县城为重要载体的城镇化建设取得重要进展。

李家超当选香港特首人选|HK holds chief executive election

The election of the sixth-term chief executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region was held on Sunday, with John Lee declared the winner. 
在5月8日举行的香港特别行政区第六任行政长官选举中，李家超高票当选第六任行政长官人选。

The 64-year-old former chief secretary for administration won 1,416 votes from Election Committee members in the first chief executive election in the HKSAR since the 2021 reforms to its electoral system. 
这是完善香港选举制度后的首次行政长官选举，点票结果显示，现年64岁的李家超获得1416张支持票。

"I will faithfully and resolutely undertake this historic mission and shoulder the great responsibility to unite and lead the 7.4 million Hong Kong residents to open a new chapter," Lee said when meeting the press after the election. 
李家超在选举结果揭晓后表示，他将忠诚坚毅地肩负起责任，团结和带领740万香港居民，一同为香港开新篇。

专家:中国经济将在近期回升|China to rebound despite US tightening

The Chinese economy is expected to maintain its resilience and may rebound in the coming months with stronger policy support and better epidemic containment, bucking the negative impact of a tightening in US monetary policy, analysts said on Thursday. 
分析人士5月5日表示，在更有力的政策支持和更有效的疫情防控之下，预计中国经济将保持其韧性，并可能在未来几个月内实现回升，抵御美国货币政策紧缩带来的消极影响。

Huang Yiping, chairman of the academic committee of the China Finance 40 Forum, said the Fed's ongoing tightening could shrink global liquidity and pile on the pressure of capital outflows and currency depreciation for many developing economies. 
中国金融四十人论坛学术委员会主席黄益平表示，美联储持续的紧缩政策可能会收缩全球资产流动性，并给许多发展中经济体带来资本外流和货币贬值的压力。

For China, the country's vast domestic economy, relatively sound fundamentals, large foreign exchange reserves and a steady trade surplus provide a buffer against the spillover effects of US tightening, Huang said. 
黄益平称，对中国来说，中国庞大的国内经济、相对稳健的基本面、庞大的外汇储备和稳定的贸易顺差为美国紧缩政策的溢出效应提供了缓冲。

Upon better containment of COVID-19 and proactive policy support, the Chinese economy is poised to stage a strong rebound after hitting a nadir in April, said Yin Yue, a macroeconomic analyst at Hongta Securities.
红塔证券宏观经济分析师殷悦（音译）表示，在疫情得到有效控制以及国内政策积极主动发力之下，中国经济在4月份触底后将迎来强劲回升。

recruitment

英[rɪˈkruːtmənt]；美[rɪˈkruːtmənt]

n.招募；招聘

resilience

英[rɪˈzɪliəns]；美[rɪˈzɪliəns]

n.弹性；弹力；快速恢复的能力；回弹

depreciation

英[dɪˌpri:ʃɪ'eɪʃn]；美[dɪˌpriʃiˈeʃən]

n.贬值，跌价；折旧；贬低

nadir

英[ˈneɪdɪə(r)]；美[ˈneɪdɪr]

n.最低点，最底点；【天】天底；最压抑，消沉等的时刻；最低温度

英语新闻|全国范围内的核酸检测更便捷、快速

Li Baichao, a resident of Beijing's Dongcheng district, once boasted that he had mastered the art of quickly getting a COVID-19 nucleic acid test.

北京市东城区居民李百超（音译）称，自己掌握了快速核酸检测的方法。

"Arrive at around 4 pm on weekdays or early in the morning on weekends to avoid long lines, and definitely bring your identity card to speed up the registration processes," he said.

他说：“要想避免核酸检测排长队，平日要在下午四点左右去，周末要在清晨去。记得一定要带上身份证，可以加快注册过程。”

But Li recently found that he no longer had to carefully calculate when to take a test to save time, as multiple nucleic acid testing stations have appeared in his neighborhood to meet the surging demand for regular tests amid a locally transmitted outbreak.

但是最近，李发现他不需要再用之前的老方法了，因为近期北京东城区又有新增确诊病例，为了加强核酸检测的需求，他家附近已经增设多个核酸采样点。

"I got my test today at around 10 am on my way to the subway," Li said on Tuesday. "Only around three to four people were waiting in the line before me, and it took me less than a minute to get it done."

李在周二告诉记者：“今天上午十点左右，我在去地铁站的路上做了核酸检测，只有大概三、四个人在我前面排队，不到一分钟我就做完检测了。”

Across China, a growing number of regions are offering fast, free and convenient nucleic acid tests to facilitate regular testing campaigns as frequent as three times a week.

为了开展每周三次的常规核酸检测，在全国范围内越来越多地区正在提供快速、免费、便捷的核酸检测服务。

Regular testing is considered vital in stemming the spread of the highly transmissible Omicron strain of the novel coronavirus.

定期核酸检测对于阻止快速传播的新型冠状病毒奥密克戎至关重要。

During a teleconference held by the State Council's Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism on Monday, Vice-Premier Sun Chunlan said that as China has entered a new stage of the fight against COVID-19 driven by Omicron, the sensitivity of epidemic monitoring and early warning systems should be further improved.

5月9日，国务院联防联控机制召开电视电话会议，中共中央政治局委员、国务院副总理孙春兰表示，我国疫情防控进入应对奥密克戎病毒变异株流行新阶段，要提升监测预警灵敏性，升级防控标准，提高应对处置能力。

"In large cities, nucleic acid testing facilities should be available within 15 minutes' walking distance," Sun said. "The scope of and channels for (virus) monitoring should be further expanded."

孙春兰强调，大城市要建立步行15分钟核酸采样圈，拓宽检测范围和渠道。

Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang province, said on April 27 that it would set up about 10,000 free sampling stands across the city and test all residents for free every 48 hours.

4月27日，杭州市将在全市布设1万个免费核酸采样点，全市居民及其他在杭人员每48小时应完成一次免费核酸检测。

On April 30, Beijing said that all residents in the city should be tested at least weekly, while high-risk workers and those living in virus-affected areas would be tested more frequently.

4月30日，北京市对该市区域内所有人员每周进行一次核酸检测，而中高风险区需要更加频繁地进行检测。

Hefei in Anhui province said on Tuesday that it would give a free test to all residents every five days. Unlike Hangzhou and Beijing, which are currently coping with cluster outbreaks, Hefei has registered no new local cases for nearly two weeks.

5月10日，合肥全市每5天对全市居民开展一轮核酸检测。与目前正在应对聚集性疫情的杭州和北京不同的是，合肥市已近两周没有新增本土病例。

However, "as a city with nearly 10 million people and as a transportation hub, we are under great pressure to prevent the spread of the virus from other regions and the Omicron strain can easily trigger new outbreaks," local authorities in Hefei said in a statement.

合肥相关部门在声明中表示：“作为一个拥有将近1000万人口的城市和交通枢纽，我市面临着预防病毒从其他地区传播的巨大压力，而奥密克戎病毒变异株很容易引发新的疫情。”

"Regular nucleic acid testing is an important tool in detecting cases and cutting the spread of the virus."

“定期核酸检测是发现病例和减少病毒传播的重要策略。”

The idea of establishing a 15-minute circle of testing services stems from on-the-ground experience in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, which has successfully contained dozens of Omicron infection clusters and prevented major resurgences.

建立“15分钟步行核酸服务圈”是来源于深圳市的实地经验，该市成功遏制数十个奥密克戎感染群，并成功阻止疫情扩散蔓延势头。

As early as mid-March, Lin Hancheng, a health official in Shenzhen, said that the city was striving to build such a testing network, integrating fixed sampling stations with mobile and smaller stands. Later on, the city also required the waiting time for testing to be no longer than 30 minutes.

早在3月中旬，深圳疫情防控指挥部新闻发言人林汉城表示，该市正在不断优化便民采样点的布局，采取“固定采样点为主与小型流动便民采样点”相结合的方法。后来，该市还要求检测等待时间不得超过30分钟。

Lu Hongzhou, president of the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, said that as outbreaks continue to emerge nationwide, regular testing has enabled the city to detect new cases in the shortest possible time and stem these more quickly.

深圳市第三人民医院院长卢洪洲表示，随着全国范围内疫情持续出现，定期检测使该市能够在最短的时间内发现新病例并更快地遏制疫情传播。

"If we can identify an outbreak at its initial phase, there is no chance that it will develop into a major flare-up. This approach is very effective and relatively less costly."

他说：“如果我们能在病毒传播最初阶段就发现，就不可能发展成大规模暴发。这种方法非常有效，而且相对成本较低。”

China has developed robust testing resources since the pandemic started more than two years ago.

自两年多前新冠疫情出现以来，我国已经开发了强大的核酸检测资源。

As of mid-April, the country is capable of processing nearly 51.7 million samples daily, up from 1.26 million in March 2020. If pool testing－mixing twenty samples together for initial screening－is adopted, it can test up to 1 billion people in one day, according to the National Health Commission.

国家卫健委称，截至4月中旬，我国每天能够处理近5170万个样本，远高于2020年3月的126万个。如果采用混合检测，20个样本混在一起进行初步筛查，就可以每天检测多达10亿人。

"China is the only country in the world which is able to promptly identify the source of infection, cut the transmission chain and quickly control new outbreaks through mass testing," an unnamed official from the commission was quoted as saying by a newspaper administered by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Communist Party of China.

中国共产党中央纪委纪律检查委员会的一位官员说：“我国是世界上唯一能够通过大规模检测及时查明传染源、切断传播链、迅速控制新疫情的国家。”

In Nanjing, Jiangsu province, a number of new testing stands have been set up this week.

南京市本周已经建立了一些新的核酸采样工作站。

Zhou Mingfei, head of a community service center in Nanjing, said the stands are equipped with air conditioners, disinfection lights and air purifiers.

南京某社区服务中心负责人周明飞说，核酸采样工作站还配备了空调、消毒灯和空气净化器。

"It works in a very efficient way," he said. "The stand is put in contact with two laboratories and samples are sent there every two hours," he said.

他说：“核酸采样点的运作方式非常高效，采样点连接两个实验室，检测样本可以每两小时送检一次。”