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2021年度最常用的表情符号，第一又是它！| These Were the Most Popular Emojis of 2021

Coming in with over 5% of all emojis used for the year was Tears of Joy. The Unicode Consortium notes the only other emoji to get close to that was heart.

2021年，笑哭表情占所有表情符号使用量的5%以上。统一码联盟指出，唯一一个使用率与之接近的表情符号是爱心。

"Face with Tears of Joy," the official name for the laughing crying emoji, is currently the most-used emoji.

“笑哭”表情包的官方名称是“喜极而泣”，是当下最流行的表情包。

Although at the beginning of this year, people were not optimistic about the Tears of Joy emoji.

尽管在年初的时候，人们对于“笑哭”的表情包并不看好。

"If you indicate digital laughter for years and years in the same way, it starts to feel insincere. ... The hyperbole gets worn out through continued use," Internet linguists Gretchen McCulloch said. That's why Gen Zers may be looking to fresh and novel ways to signal they're laughing through different ways.

互联网语言学家麦卡洛克（Gretchen McCulloch）曾说：“如果你多年来用同样的方式表达笑意，它会逐渐显得不真诚。……这种夸张的符号已经被用烂了。”这就是为什么Z世代试图找寻新鲜的替代品，通过不一样的方式表达笑。

"I use everything but the laughing emoji," 21-year-old Walid Mohammed told CNN Business. "I stopped using it a while back because I saw older people using it, like my mom, my older siblings and just older people in general."

21岁的瓦利德·穆罕默德（Walid Mohammed）对记者说：“我什么表情都用，除了‘笑哭’。很久以前我就不再用这个表情了，因为我看到都是年纪更大的人在用，比如我妈妈、哥哥姐姐以及其他上了年纪的人。”

Seventeen-year-old Xavier Martin called the Tears of Joy emoji "bland" and said "not too many people" his age use it. Stacy Thiru, 21, prefers the real crying emoji because it shows a more extreme emotion and feels more dramatic.

17岁的泽维尔·马丁（Xavier Martin）则表示，“笑哭”表情符号“很乏味”，并称同龄人使用它的并不多。21岁的斯泰茜·蒂鲁（Stacy Thiru）更喜欢真正的“哭泣”表情符号，因为它表现出一种更极端的情感，更富有戏剧性。

Despite of all the dissenters, Tears of Joy didn’t become a victim of its own success, at least according to the Most Popular Emojis of 2021.

尽管有那么些不同的意见，至少从2021年度最常用的表情符号来看，“笑哭”的口碑并未跌落。

Another interesting finding was the top 100 emoji made up about 82% of emoji used.

另一个有趣的发现是，排名前100的表情符号约占表情符号使用量的82%。

While the smiley/emotion category was the most popular overall, the new report breaks down nine different emoji categories by the most and least used.

虽然笑脸/情绪表情类别是最受欢迎的类别，但统一码联盟的最新报告将九种不同的表情分类按使用最多和最少进行了排名。

When it came to other categories, Unicode says the most used emoji were ones that represent multiple concepts.

统一码联盟表示，在其他表情类别中，最常用的表情是代表多种概念的。

Rocket Ship found in the Transport-air is symbolic of progress being made and anticipation of big changes.

交通运输-航空类别下的火箭船表情，象征着正在取得进步和期待巨大变化。

Flexed Biceps is the top Body-parts emoji (this subcategory excludes hands) and is commonly used to indicate strength, success, overcoming a struggle, exercise, showing off, boasting, or rolling up your sleeve to receive a vaccine.

弯曲的二头肌是最受欢迎的身体部位表情符号（这个子类别不包含手的表情符号），通常用于表示力量、成功、战胜困难、锻炼、炫耀、自夸或卷起袖子接种疫苗。

Bouquet of Plant-Flower for all occasions: congratulations, celebrations, and relationships of many varieties be they platonic or romantic.

植物-鲜花类别下的花束表情可以用于所有的场景：祝贺、庆祝以及各种各样的人际关系，无论是柏拉图式的还是浪漫的。

Butterfly is the most common Animal emoji (found in the Animal-Bug subcategory) representative of change, beauty, nature, and transformation.

动物-昆虫子类别中的蝴蝶是使用最多的动物表情符号，它代表着改变、美丽、自然和蜕变。

Person Doing Cartwheel may not be the most popular sport in the world, but it is the most popular Person-Sport suggestive of happiness and joy.

做侧手翻的人或许并不是全球最受欢迎的运动类表情符号，但却是最受欢迎的运动人物，因为它代表着开心和愉悦。

The least popular category?

最不常用的表情类别是什么呢？

Flags. The least popular subcategory? Country-flags. They represent the largest collection (258 emoji), but are used the least. Animal-mammal are the next largest subcategory (53 emoji).

旗帜。使用最少的表情子类别是国家（地区）旗帜。它们是数量最庞大的子类别（共258个表情符号），但是却用的最少。动物-哺乳动物排名第二（共53个表情符号）。

It is noteworthy that the coronavirus pandemic has contributed little to the popularization of emoji microbes, which barely entered the top 500. Note that at the moment there are only 3,663 emoticons.

值得注意的是，新冠疫情对微生物表情符号的使用普及影响甚微，微生物表情仅仅进入前500名，而目前只有3663个表情符号。

As for why young people like to use facial expressions so frequently, some people said: “The English language cannot fully capture the depth and complexity of my thoughts, so I’m incorporating emoji into my speech to better express myself. Winky face.”

为什么年轻人喜欢那么频繁地使用表情呢？有人说：“光用语言不能完全阐释我复杂深邃的思想，所以我要在说话时加入表情符号来更好地表达自己。[眨眼]”

重点词汇：

consortium

英 [kənˈsɔːtiəm]；美[kənˈsɔːrtiəm]  

n. 联盟；（合作进行某项工程的）财团，银团，联营企业

hyperbole

英 [haɪˈpɜːbəli]；美[haɪˈpɜːrbəli]  

n. 夸张法；夸张

bland

英 [blænd]；美[blænd]  

adj. 平淡的；乏味的；清淡的；沉稳的；无动于衷的

anticipation

英 [ænˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃn]；美[ænˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃn]  

n. 期待；预期

Almost 80 percent of primary and secondary school students had the opportunity to get more nightly sleep this semester, after education authorities took measures to reduce their academic workload, the Ministry of Education said on Wednesday.

本周三教育部表示，在教育部门采取措施减轻学业负担后，近八成中小学生本学期有机会获得更多夜间睡眠时间。

Lyu Yugang, director of the ministry's department of basic education, said 77.14 million parents were surveyed to ascertain whether their children were getting enough sleep. A total of 76.2 percent of respondents said their children were getting the recommended sleep time of 10 hours a night for primary school students and nine hours for those in secondary school. Last year's survey found only about 40 percent of students were getting enough sleep, Lyu said.

教育部基础教育司司长吕玉刚说，教育部门调查了7714万名家长，以确定他们的孩子是否睡眠充足。76.2%的受访者表示，孩子睡眠时间达到或接近“小学10小时、初中9小时”的规定要求。吕玉刚说，去年的调查发现只有约四成学生睡眠充足。

Schools and parents have also paid more attention to students' sleep time, with 98.7 percent of schools asking parents to monitor their children's sleep and study time.

学校和家长也更加关注学生的睡眠时间。98.7%的学校要求家长监测孩子的睡眠和学习时间。

In April, the ministry advised that primary school students should go to bed before 9:20 pm, middle school students before 10 pm and high school students before 11 pm.

今年4月，教育部建议小学生、中学生、高中生应分别在晚上9:20、10:00、11:00之前睡觉。

Students should go to bed at the recommended times, even if they have not finished their homework, the ministry said.

教育部表示，学生即使还没有完成家庭作业，也应该在规定的时间睡觉。

Schools should control the amount of homework assigned to students to make sure primary school students can finish all their written homework at school and secondary school students can finish most of their homework on campus, the ministry said.

教育部表示，学校应控制分配给学生的家庭作业量，以确保小学生能在学校完成所有书面作业，而中学生能在学校完成大部分家庭作业。

"Homework, after-school tutoring courses and online games should all take second place to ensure students can get sufficient sleep," Lyu said.

吕玉刚说：“作业、校外培训、网络游戏都要为保障学生睡眠‘让路’。”

The ministry also issued recommendations in April to cease starting classes too early. A total of 96.1 percent of primary schools now start classes at 8:20 am, and 97.4 percent of secondary schools start at 8 am or later, Lyu added.

教育部还于今年4月提出建议，要求停止过早开课。吕玉刚补充说，目前96.1%的小学和97.4%的初中上午开始上课时间做到“小学不早于8:20、初中不早于8:00”的规定要求。

Separately, 99.8 percent of primary and secondary schools have issued rules preventing students from bringing smartphones to class and provided communication channels for students to contact their parents in an emergency, he said.

他说，另外，99.8%的中小学颁布了禁止学生携带智能手机上课的规定，并为学生在紧急情况下与家长联系提供了沟通渠道。

Almost all schools no longer assign homework via smartphones and students do not need to finish their homework digitally, he added.

他补充说，几乎所有学校都不再通过智能手机布置作业，学生也不需要以线上的方式完成作业。

Ye Yuyu, mother of a second-grade pupil in Beijing, said the school basically assigns no written homework to her daughter and she can sleep more than 10 hours every night.

北京一名二年级学生的母亲叶玉玉（音译）表示，学校基本上不给女儿布置书面作业，她每晚可以睡至少10个小时。

"We believe a healthy body is more important than academic achievement," she said.

她说：“我们认为健康的身体比学业成绩更重要。”

However, Ye said she assigns some homework to her daughter so that she can still practice what she has learned at school.

不过，叶女士说她给女儿布置了一些家庭作业，这样她仍然可以练习在学校学到的东西。

Zhang Xiu, mother of a middle school student in Beijing, said her daughter can sleep more than nine hours a night, as the school has reduced the amount of her homework.

北京一名中学生的母亲张秀（音译）说，因为学校减少了女儿的家庭作业，她的女儿每晚可以睡至少9个小时。

Her daughter can finish her homework before 8 pm and usually goes to bed before 9:30 pm, Zhang said.

张女士说，她的女儿可以在晚上8点之前完成作业，通常在晚上9:30之前就能上床睡觉。

Luo Lin, vice-principal of Fengtai Experimental School Affiliated to Beijing Institute of Education, said some students go to bed late not because they have heavy academic burdens, but because they are following the examples of their parents who stay up late and spend a lot of time on their smartphones.

北京教育学院附属丰台实验学校副校长罗琳表示，一些学生之所以睡得晚，不是因为他们学业负担太重，而是因为他们在模仿父母的行为，熬夜、花很多时间玩手机。

Parents need to assume the main responsibility to ensure their children get enough sleep, Lyu said.

吕玉刚说，保障孩子有充足睡眠，父母应承担主要责任。

While tough measures have been taken to limit the amount of time young students can spend playing online games to three hours a week, the students might waste time on short video platforms and parents need to act to prevent this, he added.

他补充说，虽然已经采取了严格的措施，将年轻学生每周玩网络游戏的时间限制在三小时以内，但他们可能会在短视频平台上浪费时间，所以家长需要采取行动防止这种情况发生。

ascertain

英[ˌæsəˈteɪn]；美[ˌæsərˈteɪn]  

vt. 查明；弄清

respondent

英[rɪˈspɒndənt]；美[rɪˈspɑːndənt]  

n. （尤指）调查对象；被告；回答问题的人

adj. 回答的；响应的；被告的；符合的

affiliate

英[əˈfɪlieɪt , əˈfɪliət]；美[əˈfɪlieɪt , əˈfɪliət]  

v. 使附属；使隶属，使并入（较大的团体、公司、组织）；加入；与…有关；为…工作

n. 附属机构；分支机构；分公司；分会

assume

英[əˈsjuːm]；美[əˈsuːm]  

v. 假定；假设；认为；承担（责任）；就（职）；取得（权力）；呈现（外观、样子）；显露（特征）

国家卫健委回应是否就地过节︱Localized rules urged for Spring Festival travel

Travel policies for the Spring Festival holiday, which begins on Jan 31, should be devised in accord with COVID-19 risk appraisals in different regions and groups, health officials said on Saturday. "Whether it is necessary for people to stay put during the Spring Festival holiday should be based on risk evaluations and should not be uniform across the country," Liang Wannian, a member of the National Health Commission's expert panel, said during a news briefing.

春节长假将于1月31日开始，在12月18日召开的新闻发布会上，关于是否有必要“就地过年”，国家卫健委疫情应对处置工作领导小组专家组组长梁万年表示，各地要基于风险研判，需要分人群、分地区安排，不能一刀切，要因地制宜出台相关政策。

Liang said increased movement during the Spring Festival travel rush, coupled with diminished resistance against respiratory diseases during winter, will lead to a heightened risk of the spread of COVID-19 and other infectious illnesses. However, China also has several advantages, such as its prompt control of local outbreaks and high rates of COVID-19 vaccination.

梁万年表示，春节期间人口流动增加，加上人群在冬季对呼吸道传染病的抵抗力下降，确实会导致新冠疫情以及其他传染性疾病的传播风险加大，但是，我国也拥有能迅速控制本土突发疫情以及疫苗接种率高等自身优势。

二、《蜘蛛侠：英雄无归》票房口碑双丰！三天斩获北美年度票房冠军︱'Spider-Man' ignites pandemic box office with historic opening

"Spider-Man: No Way Home" racked up a head-spinning $253 million in US and Canadian ticket sales over the weekend, setting a pandemic record and ranking as the third-biggest domestic debut in Hollywood history even as a new COVID-19 variant spreads.

尽管奥密克戎毒株正在传播，《蜘蛛侠：英雄无归》北美首周末票房仍表现惊人，豪取2.53亿美元，创下新冠疫情时代新纪录，成为好莱坞历史上北美首周末票房排名第三的电影。

The previous pandemic record was set by Marvel superhero film "Venom: Let There Be Carnage," which took in $90 million domestically over its first three days in October. Marvel's "Black Widow" opened with $80 million back in May.

此前新冠疫情时代的票房纪录是由漫威超级英雄电影《毒液2》创造的。该片在10月上映，前三天本土票房9000万美元（约合人民币5.7亿元）；5月份上映的《黑寡妇》首映票房为8000万美元（约合人民币5.1亿元）。

Around the globe, "No Way Home" generated an additional $334.2 million for a worldwide weekend total of $587.2 million, according to estimates from distributor Sony Corp.

据电影发行方索尼公司估计，《蜘蛛侠：英雄无归》在全球其他地区的票房为3.342亿美元（约合人民币21.3亿元），周末总票房为5.872亿美元（约合人民币37.5亿元）。

The movie stars Tom Holland as Marvel's web-slinging superhero and Zendaya, as his girlfriend MJ, in the third film in the Spider-Man trilogy. It also brings back stars of previous "Spider-Man" films.

《蜘蛛侠：英雄无归》由汤姆·霍兰德（荷兰弟）主演，是《蜘蛛侠》三部曲的第三部电影。荷兰弟饰演漫威超级英雄蜘蛛侠，泽达娅饰演他的女友MJ。此前几部“蜘蛛侠”影片中的演员也会在这部电影中回归。

Holland offered gratitude to fans. "Thank you thank you thank you and if you haven’t seen Spider-Man no way home yet ... merry Christmas and you know what to do," he wrote on Instagram.

荷兰弟向影迷表示感谢，并在Instagram上写道：“非常非常非常感谢，如果你还没有看《蜘蛛侠：英雄无归》……那祝你圣诞快乐，你懂我的意思。” 

三、妇女权益保障法修订草案提请审议︱Draft amendment to the Women's Rights Protection Law

The draft amendment to the Women's Rights Protection Law, which was submitted to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for first review on Monday, marking another major adjustment to the law since it came into force nearly 30 years ago.

妇女权益保障法修订草案20日提请全国人大常委会会议审议。这是该法施行近30年来又一次进行重大调整。

The draft adds the meaning of "discrimination against women" and stipulates that the country shall take necessary measures to gradually improve the protection of women's rights and interests, eliminate all forms of discrimination against them, and prohibit discrimination or restrictions on women's enjoyment and exercise of their rights and interests.

草案明确，国家采取必要措施，逐步完善保障妇女权益的各项制度，消除对妇女一切形式的歧视，禁止基于性别排斥、限制妇女依法享有和行使各项权益。

Wives are entitled to seek compensation from their husbands during divorce if they were the primary caregivers for children or elderly parents, or did most of the unpaid housework. The amount of the compensation should be negotiated. If the negotiation fails, they can file a suit to the people's court, the draft amendment said.

草案对离婚时家务劳动经济补偿增加了规定，明确女方因抚养子女、照料老人、协助男方工作等承担较多义务的，有权在离婚时要求男方予以补偿。补偿办法由双方协议，协议不成的，可以向人民法院提起诉讼。

According to the draft, unless stipulated by the state, employers are not allowed to do the following in the recruitment process: limit recruitment to men or give them priority; in addition to basic personal information, make further inquiries or investigations of female applicants' marriage, parental status and their plans for marriage and childbearing; ……or take other actions to refuse to employ women on the basis of sex or raise women's employment standards in a differentiated manner.

草案还明确了其他事项，包括用人单位在招录（聘）过程中，除国家另有规定的外，不得：限定男性或者规定男性优先；进一步询问或者调查女性求职者的婚育情况以及意愿等。

According to the draft, sexual harassment against a woman's will be prohibited in ways that involve words with sexual connotations or innuendo; inappropriate and unnecessary physical behavior; displays or dissemination of images, text, information, audio or video with obvious sexual significance; or acts that imply that there will be some benefit in developing a private or sexual relationship.

草案规定，禁止违背妇女意愿，以下列方式实施性骚扰：具有性含义、性暗示的言语表达；不适当、不必要的肢体行为；展示或者传播具有明显性意味的图像、文字、信息、语音、视频等；暗示发展私密关系或者发生性关系将获得某种利益；其他应当被认定为性骚扰的情形。

stay put

英 [steɪ pʊt]；美[steɪ pʊt]

v. phr 固定不动；留在原地

rack up

英 [ræk ʌp]；美[ræk ʌp]

v. phr 大量获利；频频获胜

childbearing

英 [ˈtʃaɪldbeərɪŋ]；美[ˈtʃaɪldberɪŋ]

n. 生育；分娩

innuendo

英 [ˌɪnjuˈendəʊ]；美[ˌɪnjuˈendoʊ]  

n. 暗指；影射

国产抗新冠特效药来了丨Nation's Antibody Therapy Could be in Use Soon

China's domestically developed monoclonal neutralizing antibody therapy for COVID-19 treatment could be used clinically in the country within weeks after it was included in the country's Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for COVID-19－adding a tool to the globalarsenal against the coronavirus.

中国自主研发的抗新冠病毒安巴韦单抗/罗米司韦单抗联合疗法“特效药”为全球抗击新冠疫情“武器库”增添新法宝。在被纳入中国《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案》后几周内，这款特效药就可以在国内投入临床使用。

The global fight could also get a boost when the United States Food and Drug Administration makes a decision in one or two months on the application for emergency use authorization for the dual-antibody therapy, said Zhang Linqi, director of the Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research Center and Comprehensive AIDS Research Center at Tsinghua University's School of Medicine.

清华大学医学院艾滋病综合研究中心主任、全球健康与传染病研究中心主任张林琦表示，如果美国食品药品监督管理局能在一两个月内就决定批准联合疗法的紧急使用授权申请，全球抗疫斗争也能得到推动。

"It's a success of the cooperation among Brii Biosciences, Tsinghua University and the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, which have jointly developed the antibodies," said Zhang, who led the research team. "The team has accomplished a task within 20 months that usually takes 10 years."

研究团队负责人张林琦说：“腾盛博药与清华大学、深圳市第三人民医院通力合作，才成功研发出抗体。团队在20个月内完成了一项通常需要10年时间的任务。”

Monoclonal antibodies mimic those generated by the body to fight the virus that causes COVID-19. Antibody therapies can act more rapidly than the body's own process of making antibodies.

单克隆抗体通过模拟人体产生的抗体对抗新冠病毒。抗体疗法的起效过程比人体自身产生抗体的过程更快。

China's drug authority granted emergency approval for the antibody cocktail, administered via injections, on Dec 8, based on positive final and interim results from the phase 3 clinical trial with 847 enrolled outpatients around the world. The trial was sponsored by the US National Institutes of Health, according to Brii Biosciences, a multinational biotech company with offices in China and the US.

基于第三期临床试验中全球847例入组患者的积极中期及最终结果，12月8日，国家药品监督管理局应急批准新冠病毒中和抗体联合治疗药物注射液的注册申请。据跨国生物技术公司腾盛博药称，试验由美国国立卫生研究院赞助。腾盛博药在中美皆设有办事处。

Trial data found that the therapy could reduce the risk of hospitalization and death in high-risk patients by around 80 percent.

试验数据发现，该疗法能够降低高风险新冠门诊患者近八成的住院和死亡风险。

Regarding the emerging Omicron variant of the virus, Zhang said that in vitro pseudovirus testing data suggests that the therapy's combination of monoclonal neutralizing antibodies will work against Omicron and other variants.

面对来势汹汹的新冠病毒变异株奥密克戎，张林琦表示，体外伪病毒属测试数据表明，联合疗法的单克隆中和抗体组合对奥密克戎及其他变体都有抑制作用。

Moreover, the therapy can protect people, especially those whose physical condition doesn't allow vaccination, from becoming infected by COVID-19 for around nine to 12 months, he said.

此外，张林琦表示，联合疗法可以让人们在大约9到12个月的时间里免疫新冠病毒，特别是那些身体状况不允许接种疫苗的人。

Zhang, a veteran scientist in the fight against HIV/AIDS, said his previous experience helped a lot in the COVID battle.

作为一位抗击抗艾资深科学家，张林琦表示他以前的经验在抗击新冠病毒的战斗中起了很大作用。

"The whole development process of the new combination therapy will also contribute to future research and application of the HIV antibodies, which was like a big test for us," he said. "The team will continue to conduct research on better antibodies and strengthen the efficacy of the current therapy and make it more long-lasting."

他说：“HIV对我们来说是一个巨大的考验，而新联合疗法的整个开发过程也会有助于HIV抗体未来的研究和应用。研究小组将继续研发更好的抗体，加强并延长目前治疗的效果。”

He also said clinical application of the therapy faces challenges, including that production of monoclonal antibodies takes around two to three months.

他还说，联合疗法的临床应用仍面临挑战，比如单克隆抗体的生产大约需要两到三个月。

"To use the therapy efficiently and scientifically, the authorities need to make a good calculation of the quantity needed, and the company would then produce them based on orders," he said.

他说：“为了科学有效地使用这种疗法，政府需计算好所需数量，然后公司根据订单生产药物。” 

Furthermore, monoclonal antibodies are usually expensive. Industry insiders said the Chinese government might include the combination therapy in the public health insurance program, though nothing has been decided.

此外，单克隆抗体通常价格昂贵。业内人士表示，即使具体细则还未明确，中国政府也有可能会将联合疗法纳入公共医疗保险计划。

Zhang, noting that China has used science and technology to fight COVID-19 since the beginning of the outbreak, said: "Science is the core to solving the issue. Science has shown its power in all sectors, from medical treatment, medicine and vaccine development to prevention and control measures."

张林琦指出，自疫情爆发以来，中国就利用科学技术抗击新冠疫情，他说：“科学是解决这一问题的核心。科学在从医疗、医药、疫苗研发到疫情防控各个领域都显示出它的力量。”

arsenal

英 [ˈɑːsənl]；美[ˈɑːrsənl]  

n. （统称）武器；兵工厂；武器库；军火库

interim

英 [ˈɪntərɪm]；美[ˈɪntərɪm]  

adj. 临时的；过渡的；暂时的；期中的

n. 间歇，过渡期间

insider

英 [ɪnˈsaɪdə(r)]；美[ɪnˈsaɪdər]  

n. 知情人；知内情者；内部的人

insurance

英 [ɪnˈʃʊərəns]；美[ɪnˈʃʊrəns]  

n. 保险；保险业；保险费；保费

“煤气灯效应”上热搜︱The Gaslight Effect

Psychologists use the term "gaslighting" to refer to a specific type of manipulation where the manipulator is trying to get someone else to question their own reality, memory or perceptions.

在心理学中，通过“扭曲受害者眼中的真实”来对对方进行情绪控制的操纵行为，被称为“煤气灯操纵法”。

The term "gaslighting" actually comes from a 1938 play, Gas Light (which was turned into a more widely known movie in 1944, Gaslight), where a husband manipulates his wife to make her think she's actually losing her sense of reality so he can commit her to a mental institution and steal her inheritance.

“煤气灯效应”的概念，源自帕特里克·汉密尔顿1938年创作的剧本。1944年，改编自该剧本的经典黑色悬疑片《煤气灯下》问世。影片讲述了丈夫为了谋取妻子的财产，千方百计把妻子逼疯的故事。剧中，妻子看到了微弱的煤气灯光，丈夫却一直否认，说她看错了。妻子单纯地爱着丈夫，对其深信不疑，久而久之就确信自己真的哪里出了毛病。

US-based author of The Gaslight Effect, Dr Robin Stern, outlined the insidious nature of gaslighting, writing: "It's a form of emotional abuse and manipulation that is difficult to recognize and even harder to break free from."

《煤气灯效应：远离情感暴力和操纵狂》的作者，美国心理学家罗宾·斯特恩指出了“煤气灯”的阴险本质：“这是一种难以识别的情感虐待和操纵，甚至更难以摆脱。” 

Gaslighting, thereafter, had been adopted to referring to the emotional abuse of such kind.

后来，“煤气灯效应”就被广泛的用于指代这种情感虐待。

The term, emotional abuse, describes a type of emotional abuse, and unlike other forms, is difficult to recognize because it distorts a person's sense of reality.

这个词描述的是一种情感虐待，和其它虐待形式不同，这种情感虐待很难识别，因为它扭曲了一个人对现实的认知。

At its mildest, gaslighting leaves women uneasy, wondering why they always seem to end up in the wrong. At its worst, gaslighting leads to major depression, with formerly strong, vibrant women reduced to abject misery and self-hatred.

“煤气灯效应”轻则令女性感到不安，奇怪自己为什么总是做错；重则导致严重抑郁，使得原本强大活泼的女性变得自怜自艾、自我憎恨。

Vigilant as you must be if any of the following features occurred in your relationship.

因此，在一段情感关系中，如果出现了以下特点就要提高警惕了。

① Ghosting

神秘消失

It can happen when you've met up a few times, or even after things get serious - but constitutes when someone literally removes you from their life, without warning.

这种情况多见于你们见过几次面，甚至关系变得更认真的时候，你却突然被对方从生活中移除了，毫无征兆。

② Slow Fade

逐渐隐匿

This is where someone gradually backs away from a potential relationship, but doesn't cut all ties immediately.

在这种情况下，对方会逐渐放弃一段潜在的关系，但不会立即断绝所有的联系。

③ Breadcrumbing

撒面包屑

This is when someone leaves a trail of small but flirtatious messages for a potential date, with no intention of meeting.

这种情况是指某人给潜在的约会对象发了一串短却撩的信息，但没有任何要见面的意思。

Taking its name from the classic tale of Hansel and Gretel, breadcrumbing involves leading someone on with a trail of flirtatious messages but never following through.

面包屑这个名字源于经典童话故事《韩塞尔与葛雷特》（Hansel and Gretel），这里指的是一方用一系列暧昧信息让另一方产生恋爱错觉，但是从不进行后续发展。

④ Benching

备胎

Before couples have 'the talk' and define their relationship - also known by the acronym 'DTR' - either party is at risk of being 'benched'.

在双方挑明、确定关系之前（DTR），双方都可能是对方的“备胎”。

This happens when one person is unsure of their future with their current partner and so puts them on the 'bench' - as with sports team reserves - and looks at other options. If nothing better comes along, they might come back into play.

当一个人不确定要和目前的伴侣共度未来时，可能就会去寻找新目标，而将现任视为“备胎”，仿佛是体育队伍里的候补队员。而如果没有更好的选择，他们还是会回归现状。

⑤ Zombie-ing

僵尸回归

This is when someone has already ghosted his or her way out of a relationship - but then tries to come back.

某人已经放弃这段关系，却又想吃回头草。

Social media has also opened up a new playing field for zombies, who can now 'like', 'comment' or 'follow' their way back onto their target's radar.

社交媒体也给这些要吃回头草的人打开了新世界的大门，他们可以通过“点赞”、“评论”和“关注”重回对方视线。

Layby 

路边停车

'Layby' refers to someone who is in a relationship but looking to get out. Instead of risking a period of singleness when it eventually ends, a layby starts laying the groundwork with other women or men who they might want to date next.

“路边停车”指的是对方虽然还在跟你谈恋爱，但是已经在想着分手了。这种人在分手以后不会有空窗期，因为他们已经想好了下一个可能的约会对象，并且为此着手准备了。

Those being pursued by a layby should be wary as he or she might well have a number of 'next' options lined up - not to mention the fact that they are not technically single.

要是被这种人追求，你可就要当心了，因为对方很有可能同时追求很多人，更别说其可能还没真正单身。

Catch and Release

追到就跑

On the other end of the spectrum is the dater who practices the 'catch and release'.

另一种极品约会者就是那些一追到手就把对方甩了的人。

This is a move favored by those who enjoys the 'chase' part of a relationship, the first flirtations before any commitments are made.

有的人在一段关系中最享受“追逐”的体验，也就是在作出任何实质性承诺之前的暧昧调情。

Afterall, healthy relationships are based on respect and equality.

毕竟，真正的爱建立在尊重与平等之上。

mental institution

英 [ˈmentl ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃn]；美[ˈmentl ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃn]

n. 精神病院

inheritance

英 [ɪnˈherɪtəns]；美[ɪnˈherɪtəns]

n. 遗产；继承；遗传特征

distort

英 [dɪˈstɔːt]；美[dɪˈstɔːrt]  

v. 扭曲；曲解；失真

abject

英 [ˈæbdʒekt]；美[ˈæbdʒekt]  

adj. 卑躬屈节的；悲惨的；下贱的

flirtatious

英 [flɜːˈteɪʃəs]；美[flɜːrˈteɪʃəs]  

adj. 打情骂俏的；暧昧的；勾引的

薇娅偷逃税被罚｜Livestreaming host fined 1.34b yuan for tax evasion

Top livestreaming host Huang Wei has been fined 1.34 billion yuan ($210 million) for tax evasion, the latest step in stronger regulation of the booming livestreaming e-commerce industry.

直播带货“一姐”黄薇因偷逃税款被罚13.4亿元（折合2.1亿美元），直播电商行业的监管力度再度加强。

Huang, who is better known by her avatar Viya, was fined for concealing income and falsely declaring personal wages as operating income of sole proprietorships from 2019 to 2020, according to a statement released on Monday by the Hangzhou taxation bureau in Zhejiang province.

12月20日，浙江省杭州市税务局稽查局查明，主播黄薇（网名：薇娅）在2019年至2020年期间，通过隐匿个人收入、虚构业务转换收入性质虚假申报等方式偷逃大量税款，税务部门依法对其作出税务行政处理处罚决定。

Under Chinese taxation law, some high-income earners can face higher tax rates than corporations.

据国家税法有关规定，高收入个人的所得税率可能高过企业所得税率。

The fine for Huang, who can attract 10 million followers for a livestreaming show, was for converting 643 million yuan in personal wages and labor remuneration into income for multiple sole proprietorships, according to the statement. She also evaded another 60 million yuan in taxation over the period, the statement said.

目前，黄薇的每场直播都能拥有数以千万计的粉丝观看。国家税务总局浙江省税务局发表声明称，黄薇通过设立多家个人独资企业、合伙企业虚构业务，将个人从事直播带货取得的佣金、坑位费等劳务报酬所得转换为企业经营所得虚假申报，偷逃税款6.43亿元，其他少缴税款0.6亿元。

Liu Jianwen, a professor at Peking University's Law School, said the fine demonstrated taxation departments' jurisdictional authority to handle such cases using appropriate legal provisions.

北京大学法学院教授刘剑文认为，本案中税务部门所作的处罚决定，反映了税务部门宽严相济，坚持执法力度和温度相统一。

In September, the State Taxation Administration issued a special notice stipulating that livestreaming hosts who proactively report their tax-related misconduct and make due rectifications before the end of 2021 will receive lighter punishment. So far, over 1,000 livestreaming hosts have taken the initiative and paid outstanding taxes.

今年九月，国家税务总局专门印发通知，明确网络主播2021年底前能够主动报告并及时纠正涉税问题的，可以依法从轻、减轻或免予处罚。据了解，到目前为止已有上千人主动自查补缴税款。

The platform economy, namely business transactions that arise from internet platforms such as live-streaming, has provided new opportunities and challenges. It has played an active role in better meeting consumers' needs and promoting high-quality economic development. However, some livestreaming hosts' misconduct and illegal activities have "harmed the development of a fair and competitive market", the inspection bureau of the Hangzhou taxation bureau said in a notice on Monday.

杭州市税务部门负责人答记者问，表示平台经济是经济发展的新业态，在更好满足消费者需求、推动经济高质量发展等方面发挥了积极作用。在平台经济快速发展过程中，部分网络主播的税收违法行为“破坏了公平竞争的市场环境”。

Tang Jiqiang, a professor at Southwestern University of Finance and Economics in Chengdu, Sichuan province, told Xinhua News Agency that support for new economic platforms in China should not be used as an excuse for tax evasion.

西南财经大学教授、西财智库首席研究员汤继强接受新华社记者采访时表示，“国家支持新经济新业态发展不应成为新业态从业人员逃避纳税义务的护身符。”

China's taxation authorities are required to strictly investigate and punish tax evasion behavior in accordance with the law and continue to optimize tax and fee services that promote the development of the platform economy in a fair environment, said the State Taxation Administration.

国家税务总局表示，要求各地税务机关要依法严肃查处涉税违法行为，认真落实好各项税费优惠政策，持续优化税费服务，为平台经济发展创造良好的税收营商环境。

In November, two livestreaming hosts, Zhu Chenhui and Lin Shanshan, were fined 65.5 million yuan and 27.6 million yuan respectively by taxation authorities in Hangzhou for evading their tax obligations.

此前11月，网络主播朱宸慧、林珊珊就因偷逃税被依法追缴税款并处罚款分别计6555.31万元和2767.25万元。

evasion

英 [ɪˈveɪʒn]；美[ɪˈveɪʒn]  

n. 逃避；规避；托词，借口

proprietorship

英 [prə'praɪətəʃɪp]；美 [prəˈpraɪətərʃɪp]  

n. 所有权；所有制

sole proprietorship

独资经营；个人企业

remuneration

英 [rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃn]；美[rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃn]  

n. 酬金；薪水

rectification

英 [ˌrektɪfɪˈkeɪʃn]；美[ˌrektɪfɪˈkeɪʃn]  

n. 纠正；矫正；纠风

misconduct

英 [ˌmɪsˈkɒndʌkt]；美[ˌmɪsˈkɑːndʌkt]  

n. 不当行为；行为不端；失职

一、冬奥会倒计时筹备工作收尾︱Finishing touches made to 2022 Olympic villages

With the countdown to the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics entering the final 50 days, finishing touches are being made to the Games villages and COVID-19 safety measures have been finalized.

随着2022年北京冬奥会进入倒计时50天，奥运村的筹备工作进入了收尾阶段，防疫安全措施也已最终确定。

The two villages in Beijing passed full operating tests in a two-day trial earlier this month. Each village provided accommodation for hundreds of trial participants, check-in and check-out procedures were tested while COVID-19 testing, health monitoring, medical services and commercial functions were evaluated and adjusted, according to the Beijing 2022 organizing committee.

位于北京的两个奥运村通过了为期两天的试运营期全流程测试。据2022北京冬奥会组委会称，每个奥运村为数百名测试参与者提供了食宿，并测试了入住和退房流程，还对新冠病毒检测、健康监控、医疗服务和商业功能进行了评估和调整。

The mountain village in Zhangjiakou's Chongli district is expected to finish testing all facilities soon.

张家口崇礼区的奥运村也将很快将完成所有设施的测试工作。

More trial operations will start on Jan 23 for the official opening of the villages four days later.

1月23日起冬奥村将会试运行，为四天后正式开村做好准备。

A highlight of the villages are the dining halls, which will offer 678 dishes to athletes from diverse cultural backgrounds. The menu was designed to meet different dietary needs while taking different religions into consideration.

食堂是冬奥村的一大亮点，将向来自不同文化背景的人提供678道菜品。菜单设计旨在迎合不同的饮食需求和宗教文化。

The teams operating the villages will next focus on optimizing isolation and treatment procedures for potential positive COVID-19 cases. Garbage collection and processing to prevent risks of cross-infection between village residents and outside communities is also being looked at, according to the organizing committee's venue planning and construction department.

北京冬奥组委规划建设部表示，奥运村运营团队接下来将专注于优化潜在新冠确诊病例的隔离和治疗流程，并优化垃圾收集和处理流程，以防范奥运村居民和外部社区的交叉感染风险。

According to an updated version of the Playbook－acomprehensive guideline on COVID-19 pandemic control and prevention for the Games－athletes, team officials, operational staff and accredited media will have to stay within a strict bubble. They can only move between their designated villages and hotels and training, competition and working venues on official shuttle services and will not be allowed to contact with anyone outside the bubble.

新版北京冬奥会防疫手册指出，运动员、代表队官员、运营人员和认证媒体人员将实行闭环管理，只能乘坐官方摆渡车在指定的奥运村、酒店、训练馆、比赛场馆和工作场所之间活动，不能接触闭环外的任何人。

二、艾玛·拉杜卡努获评BBC年度体育人物︱Sports Personality of the Year 2021: Emma Raducanu crowned winner

Teenage US Open champion Emma Raducanu has been voted BBC Sports Personality of the Year 2021.

19岁的美国网球公开赛冠军艾玛·拉杜卡努被评为英国广播公司的2021年度体育人物。

In winning the US Open title in September with a 6-4 6-3 victory over fellow teenager Leylah Fernandez, Raducanu became: The youngest women's Grand Slam champion since Maria Sharapova at Wimbledon in 2004; the youngest Briton to win a Grand Slam title; the first woman to win the US Open without dropping a set since Serena Williams in 2014

今年9月份，艾玛在美国网球公开赛中以6:4和6:3的比分战胜19岁的对手莱拉·费尔南德斯，成为了自玛丽亚·莎拉波娃2004年温网大满贯以来史上最年轻的大满贯女单冠军；获得大满贯头衔的年纪最小的英国人；自塞雷娜·威廉姆斯2014年的赛场表现以来首位不失一盘赢得美国网球公开赛的女性。

In a public vote, diver Tom Daley placed second and swimmer Adam Peaty was third.

公开投票结果显示，跳水运动员汤姆·戴利和游泳运动员亚当·皮蒂分别位居BBC年度体育人物排名的第二名和第三名。

Manchester City and England forward Raheem Sterling, boxer Tyson Fury, and Great Britain's most successful Paralympian Sarah Storey were also shortlisted for the main award.

曼城队的英格兰前锋拉希姆·斯特林、拳击运动员泰森·富里和英国最成功的残奥会运动员萨拉·斯托里也被提名为年度体育人物。

"I'm happy for British tennis as well, and that we've managed to get this award...again!"

艾玛表示，自己为英国网球能够再次获得这一荣誉而高兴。

三、“金”字当选日本2021年度汉字︱'Gold' picked as Japan's kanji of 2021

The kanji for "金" (kin) was named the single most representative kanji character corresponding to the social mood in Japan this year, by the Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation on Monday.

日本汉字能力检定协会12月13日宣布，最能够反映日本2021年世态民情的年度汉字为“金”。

The Kyoto-based organization said that "kin" was a fitting choice for 2021 because of the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics, where Japanese Olympic team saw their best results ever.

这家总部位于京都的机构认为，“金”字当选的理由是日本奥运代表团在东京奥运会和残奥会上获得了迄今为止最好成绩。

Japanese TV stations broadcast Monday's announcement live as Seihan Mori, master of the ancient Kiyomizu Temple in Kyoto, painted the character on a large white panel with an ink-soaked calligraphy brush.

日本多家电视台直播了年度汉字揭晓仪式，清水寺住持森清范用沾墨的毛笔挥毫将一个“金”字书写在一张大大的和纸上。

The selection of kanji of the year began in 1995.

日本年度汉字评选活动始于1995年。

The top kanji character last year was mitsu, which means dense, crowded and close, describing the three situations people in Japan were urged to avoid in order to prevent infections.

去年的年度汉字为“密”，指的是日本为防疫提倡拒绝“三密”（密闭空间、人员密集场所、密切接触）的生活方式。

cross-infection

英 [ˈkrɒs ɪnfekʃn]；美[ˈkrɔːs ɪnfekʃn]  

n. 交叉感染

bubble

英 [ˈbʌbl]；美[ˈbʌbl]  

n. （防疫）闭环；气泡

diver

英 [ˈdaɪvə(r)]；美[ˈdaɪvər]  

n. 潜水员；跳水运动员

shortlist

英 [ˈʃɔːtlɪst]；美[ˈʃɔːrtlɪst]  

n. 入围名单

v. 把…列入；入围；被提名

kanji

英 [ˈkændʒi]；美[ˈkændʒi]  

n. 日本汉字；日本汉字体系

社评：香港选举井然有序，西方污蔑不攻自破｜LegCo election legitimate

Ahead of Hong Kong's Legislative Council election on Sunday, anti-China elements had been doing their best to vilify the special administrative region's new election system and sabotage the election by dissuading voters from going to the polling stations and casting a ballot.

12月19日，香港特别行政区立法会选举顺利结束。此前，少数反中乱港分子极力诋毁新选举制度，甚至公然煽动“不投票、投白票”煽动，干扰破坏选举流程。

They employed various ploys, including releasing unfavorable results from manipulated surveys, circulating disinformation through social media and hyping up threats of a terrorist attack, all of which were intended to produce a low voter turnout rate for the first election for the local legislature under the region's new electoral system.

在幕后操纵所谓的“调查”，将对立法会选举不利的调查结果公之于世，利用社交平台散布谣言，大肆炒作遭受恐怖袭击的威胁……乱港分子机关算尽，旨在拉低此次在香港特区选举制度完善后的首次立法会选举的投票率。

This, they hoped, would enable them to claim the election was not a fair reflection of Hong Kong people's will and play into the hands of the anti-China Western politicians and media outlets, who have been peddling the notion that a low voter turnout rate would deny the new legislature's legitimacy.

某些反华势力一直暗中散布“低投票率会否定新立法机构的合法性”的观点。乱港分子如此诬蔑选举，声称选举未公平反映香港人民意愿，殊不知正合这些政客与媒体的反华之意。

Malicious and cunning as the plan may have seemed, such calculations are overly simplistic and naïve. Voter turnout in an election can depend on many factors, as the HKSAR's chief executive, Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor, said when casting her ballot at a polling station on Sunday morning.

不过，这些别有用心、奸诈恶毒的花招都太幼稚。香港特区行政长官林郑月娥在票站投票时就表示，投票率取决于许多因素。

The legitimacy of the election and its results need no endorsement from Western politicians, which comes from the election mechanisms' conformance with the constitutional order governing the special administrative region, which is clearly prescribed in the Basic Law and relevant decisions of the National People's Congress and its Standing Committees.

选举和选举结果的合法性从不需要西方政客的认可。新选举制度符合香港特别行政区的宪制秩序，符合《香港特别行政区基本法》，符合全国人大及全国人大常委的有关决议。

"One country, two systems" allows Hong Kong to practice its own processes of legislative election. But it has never repudiated the central authorities' power and constitutional responsibility to exercise full sovereignty over the region, which inarguably includes taking steps to safeguard national security and other national interests in Hong Kong.

中国政府实行“一国两制”方针，允许香港实行特别行政区立法选举程序，也从未否认中央政府全面管治特别行政区的权力与宪制责任。行使全面管治，必定包括采取相应措施，维护特别行政区内的国家安全和国家利益。

The adoption of the candidate vetting mechanism to ensure that "patriots administering Hong Kong" is inherently nonnegotiable in the new electoral system. It embodies the central authorities' overall jurisdiction over the SAR. That requirement has become the bête noire of the China bashers — both in Hong Kong and overseas — since the electoral system was amended to guarantee it. It only serves to show how essential it was to close the loopholes in the electoral system that allowed subversives to worm their way into LegCo.

新选举制度采用候选人资格审查制度，确保“爱国者治港”，反映了中央对特区的全面管治权。候选人资格审查不容置喙，新选举制度完善了这一资格审查制度，却成为港内外反中势力的眼中钉。候选人资格审查旨在弥补选举制度的漏洞，不给企图混入立法会的乱港分子留丝毫余地。

However hard the China bashers in the West and their proxies in Hong Kong try to smear the new electoral system and the election, they will not be able to hide the effectiveness of the changes, which will permit the legislative body to function as it should.

不论外部势力与他们在香港的“棋子”如何沆瀣一气、唱衰中国、抹黑新选举制度与选举本身，都无法埋没这些行之有效的新变化，立法机关也都将按其职能行事。

Being more representative of Hong Kong society and without the hindrances of anti-China troublemakers, the SAR's legislature will be able to better serve the interests of Hong Kong residents.

香港特别行政区立法机关更能代表香港社会，不受反中乱港分子的阻挠干预，必将更好地为香港人民的利益服务。

ploy

英 [plɔɪ]；美[plɔɪ]  

n. 计谋；花招

play into the hands (of )

英 [pleɪ ˈɪntə ðə hændz ɒv]；美[pleɪ ˈɪntə ðə hændz əv]  

正中下怀；对…有利：让敌人得利

peddle

英 [ˈpedl]；美[ˈpedl]

v. 兜售；挨户推销；散布思想、消息

bête noire

英 [ˌbet ˈnwɑː(r)]；美[ˌbet ˈnwɑːr]  

n. 眼中钉，肉中刺

vet

英 [vet]；美[vet]  

v. 审查（以往经历）；政审；审核（内容、质量）

研究：奥密克戎病毒在支气管的繁殖速度比德尔塔快70倍|Omicron Found to Grow 70 Times Faster than Delta in Bronchial Tissue

The Omicron Covid variant has been found to multiply about 70 times quicker than the original and Delta versions of coronavirus in tissue samples taken from the bronchus, the main tubes from the windpipe to the lungs, in laboratory experiments that could help explain its rapid transmission.

实验室研究在从支气管（连接气管和肺的主要管道）提取的组织样本中发现，奥密克戎新冠变种毒株的繁殖速度比原始新冠毒株和德尔塔毒株快约70倍。这一实验有助于解释奥密克戎毒株的传播速度为什么这么快。

The study, by a team from the University of Hong Kong, also found that the new variant grew 10 times slower in lung tissue, which the authors said could be an indicator of lower disease severity.

香港大学团队开展的这项研究还发现，新变异株在肺部组织内的繁殖速度会降低10倍，研究作者称，这可能意味着病情严重程度会减轻。

Michael Chan Chi-wai, who led the work, said the result needed to be interpreted with caution because severe disease is determined not only by how quickly the virus replicates but also by a person’s immune response and, in particular, whether the immune system goes into overdrive, causing a so-called cytokine storm.

研究领头人陈志伟（音译）表示，应谨慎看待这一结果，因为是否发展为重症不仅取决于病毒复制的速度，还取决于人体的免疫反应，特别是免疫系统是否会因过激反应导致所谓的细胞因子风暴。

"It is also noted that by infecting many more people, a very infectious virus may cause more severe disease and death even though the virus itself may be less pathogenic,” he said. “Therefore, taken together with our recent studies showing that the Omicron variant can partially escape immunity from vaccines and past infection, the overall threat from the Omicron variant is likely to be very significant.”

他说：“研究还指出，即使病毒本身的致病性更低，但是传染性很强的病毒可能通过感染更多人而导致更严重的疾病。我们最近的研究显示，奥密克戎毒株可以绕过接种疫苗和感染后产生的部分免疫屏障，因此该毒株产生的整体威胁力可能非常大。”

Jeremy Kamil, an associate professor of microbiology and immunology at Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, pointed out that Delta, which turned out to be more pathogenic, showed a similar pattern of replicating more slowly in the lungs.

路易斯安那州立大学健康科学中心什里夫波特分校的微生物学和免疫学副教授杰里米·卡米尔指出，被证实致病性更高的德尔塔病毒也表现出相似模式，即在肺部的复制速度变慢。

"These authors found Omicron replicates fantastically well – even far better than either Delta or the original virus – in bronchial tissue,” Kamil said. “This could in some ways contribute to an advantage in spread/transmission between people.

卡米尔说：“研究作者发现，奥密克戎在支气管组织内复制速度极快，甚至比德尔塔或原始毒株快得多。这在某种程度上加剧了病毒的人传人现象。”

"Of course, a huge component of Omicron’s transmissibility in real life is going to be its potential to escape neutralizing antibodies that protect against infection in the first place. It’s very likely spreading well even between vaccinated people, especially those who haven’t recently gotten a booster shot.”

“当然，现实生活中奥密克戎毒株的传播很大程度上依赖于它躲避人体抗体的潜力，而具有中和能力的抗体是防护的第一道屏障。该毒株甚至很可能在接种疫苗的人群当中也具有很强的传播力，尤其是那些最近没有打加强针的人群。”

The initial data, published online and not yet peer-reviewed, came from experiments using lung tissue samples taken from patients during surgery. By 24 hours, the Omicron variant had replicated about 70 times more than Delta and the original variant. Although the bronchus is not the upper respiratory system, scientists said this could lead to people shedding more virus and passing on infections more easily.

该研究的初期数据来自用手术过程中从患者体内获取的肺部组织样本做的实验。这些数据发布在网上，尚未经过同行评审。实验发现，奥密克戎变异株在24小时内的复制速度比德尔塔及原始毒株快了近70倍。尽管支气管不属于上呼吸道系统，但是科学家表示，这可能会导致人们释放更多病毒，从而更易传染他人。

The findings, together with other recent work showing Omicron infects cells more readily, add to an emerging picture that the variant may be intrinsically more transmissible in addition to evading existing immunity.

除了这些研究结果，前段时间也有其他研究表明奥密克戎毒株更易入侵细胞。综合起来可以看出，奥密克戎变异株除了可以躲避人体内现有的免疫屏障外，其本质上传播力也更强。

重点词汇：

bronchus

英 [ˈbrɒŋkəs]；美[ˈbrɑːŋkəs]  

n. 支气管

pathogenic

英 [ˌpæθəˈdʒenɪk]；美[ˌpæθəˈdʒenɪk]  

adj. 致病的；病原的

antibody

英 [ˈæntibɒdi]；美[ˈæntibɑːdi]  

n. 抗体

respiratory

英 [rəˈspɪrətri]；美[ˈrespərətɔːri]  

adj. 呼吸的

2022年北京冬奥村收尾 |Finishing Touches Made to 2022 Olympic Villages

With the countdown to the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics entering the final 50 days, finishing touches are being made to the Games villages and COVID-19 safety measures have been finalized.

在距离2022年北京冬奥会开幕倒计时50天之际，冬奥村正在进行最后的收尾工作，新冠疫情防控措施已部署完毕。

The three villages, two in Beijing's Chaoyang and Yanqing districts and one in Zhangjiakou, Hebei province, are almost all ready to welcome the Olympians, with international athletes and officials due to arrive as early as next month.

三个冬奥村中，有两个位于北京朝阳区和延庆区，一个位于河北张家口。三个冬奥村都已做好充分准备迎接奥运选手的到来。来自世界各地的运动员和随队官员最早将于下个月抵达北京。

The two villages in Beijing passed full operating tests in a two-day trial earlier this month. Each village provided accommodation for hundreds of trial participants, check-in and check-out procedures were tested while COVID-19 testing, health monitoring, medical services and commercial functions were evaluated and adjusted, according to the Beijing 2022 organizing committee.

本月早些时候，北京的两个冬奥村通过了为期两天的全流程、全要素运行模拟测试。据北京冬奥组委称，每个奥运村都为数百名测试参与者提供了住宿，并对入住和退房程序进行了测试，同时对新冠病毒检测、健康监测、医疗服务和商业功能方面进行了评估和调整。

The mountain village in Zhangjiakou's Chongli district, where the majority of the Olympic snow sports events will be held, is expected to finish testing all facilities soon.

位于山地的张家口崇礼区奥运村预计将很快完成所有设施的检测。大部分冬奥会雪上项目将在这里举行。

'Better experience'

“更好的体验”

"The tests received a lot of positive feedback, especially for the impressive residential services, the food quality in the dining hall and accessibility for wheelchair users," Song Xueying, a deputy director of the organizing committee's village planning and operation department, said at a news briefing on Thursday.

北京冬奥组委奥运村部副部长宋雪莹在周四的新闻发布会上表示，测试收到了很多正面反馈，尤其是住宿服务、餐厅食品质量以及无障碍设施的便利性令参测人员印象深刻。

"This has motivated the team to further improve on details to provide a better experience for all the Games participants."

宋雪莹表示，参测者的好评促使团队进一步改进细节，为所有冬奥会参与者提供更好的体验。

The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics will take place from Feb. 4 and 20, followed by the Winter Paralympics from March 4 to 13.

北京2022年冬奥会将于2月4日至20日举行，随后将于3月4日至13日举行冬残奥会。

Designed and constructed to the highest standards for green and sustainable housing, the three villages will be able to accommodate 5,500 athletes and team officials. More trial operations will start on Jan 23 for the official opening of the villages four days later.

三个奥运村按照绿色可持续建筑的最高标准设计和建造，能够容纳5500名运动员和随队官员。冬奥村1月27日将于正式开村，更多运行模拟测试将于1月23日开展。

Within 44 hours of the Winter Olympics finishing, the villages will be transformed to provide barrier-free facilities, such as wheelchair ramps and accessible toilets, for athletes and officials taking part in the Paralympics.

在冬奥会结束后44小时内，将对冬奥村进行改造，为参加冬残奥会的运动员和随队官员提供无障碍设施，如轮椅坡道和无障碍厕所。

A highlight of the villages are the dining halls, which will offer 678 dishes to athletes from diverse cultural backgrounds. The menu was designed to meet different dietary needs while taking different religions into consideration.

冬奥村的一大亮点就是餐厅。餐厅将为来自不同文化背景的运动员提供678道菜肴。菜单的设计旨在满足各种口味、不同宗教的饮食需求。

The teams operating the villages will next focus on optimizing isolation and treatment procedures for potential positive COVID-19 cases. Garbage collection and processing to prevent risks of cross-infection between village residents and outside communities is also being looked at, according to the organizing committee's venue planning and construction department.

冬奥村运营团队接下来将专注于优化潜在新冠阳性病例的隔离和治疗程序。据北京冬奥组委规划建设部表示，为预防冬奥村居民和外部社区之间的交叉感染风险，垃圾收集和处理事宜尚在研究中。

"A special team of trained workers will be deployed at each village to collect and transfer garbage to a bio-secured zone in the village, where the waste will be thoroughly disinfected and sorted before further processing to prevent the risk of a virus leaking out," said Liu Yumin, director of the department.

北京冬奥组委规划建设部部长刘玉民表示，在每个冬奥村里，都会部署一支由受过培训的工作人员组成的专门队伍，收集垃圾并将其转移到村中的生物安全区，在那里将垃圾彻底消毒和分类，然后再进一步处理，以防病毒外泄。

According to an updated version of the Playbook－a comprehensive guideline on COVID-19 pandemic control and prevention for the Games－athletes, team officials, operational staff andaccredited media will have to stay within a strict bubble. They can only move between their designated villages and hotels and training, competition and working venues on official shuttle services and will not be allowed contact with anyone outside the bubble.

根据最新版《北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会防疫手册》（简称《防疫手册》，该手册为冬奥会新冠防控的全面指南），运动员、随队官员、运营人员和注册媒体必须严格遵守闭环管理。涉奥人员只能通过官方班车服务在指定的冬奥村、酒店、训练场、比赛场和工作场所之间行动，不允许与任何环外人员接触。

"This will provide a unique Games experience, designed to help athletes fully focus on the fundamentals of the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games－sports competition," said Christophe Dubi, the International Olympic Committee's Olympic Games executive director, at the release of the updated version of the Playbook on Monday.

在周一发布新版《防疫手册》之际，国际奥委会奥运执行主任克里斯托夫·杜比（Christophe Dubi）表示，这将是一次独特的奥运会体验，《防疫手册》旨在帮助运动员充分关注冬奥会和冬残奥会的基本要素——体育竞赛。

"This guides all our planning and will ensure that the attention remains on the outstanding performances we can expect from the world's best winter athletes in Beijing next year."

克里斯托夫·杜比表示，我们可以预见，2022年北京冬奥会的运动健儿们会为我们带来精彩的比赛，而《防疫手册》将指导所有的安排，并确保观众们的注意力放在这些世界最佳冰雪运动员的出色表现上。

重点词汇：

ramp

英[ræmp]；美[ræmp]  

n. 斜坡；坡道

v. 敲诈；使有斜面

dietary

英[ˈdaɪətəri]；美[ˈdaɪəteri]  

adj. 饮食的；有关饮食的；饮食中的

n. 食谱；规定的食物；规定的食量

deploy

英[dɪˈplɔɪ]；美[dɪˈplɔɪ]  

vt. 部署；调度（军队或武器）；有效地利用；调动

disinfect

英[ˌdɪsɪnˈfekt]；美[ˌdɪsɪnˈfekt]  

vt. （给…）消毒；消除（计算机）病毒；给（电脑）杀毒

accredit

英[əˈkredɪt]；美[əˈkredɪt]  

vt. 授权；把…归于；认为（某事为某人所说、所做）；委任，委派（某人为大使等）；正式认可