Canada's extreme trade concentration—with 75% of energy exports and 77% of manufacturing exports going to the U.S. in 2024—has left the country vulnerable to protectionist trade policies.

While 2025 data shows encouraging early signs of diversification, most Canadian exporters still lack the infrastructure and trade channels needed to pivot away from U.S. markets effectively.

In this episode of the 10-Minute Take, RBC Economics' Claire Fan and Carrie Freestone are joined by colleague Salim Zanzana for conversation on:

1. Canada’s concentrated trade reality and how it’s evolved in the past year.
2. What early diversification efforts reveal about Canadian exporters adapting.
3. Recent developments between Canada and China and their economic impact.

We're back for season four!

In this season premiere, join RBC Economics’ Claire Fan and Carrie Freestone as they cut through the noise and reveal themes that matter for the Canadian and U.S. economies in 2026.

Despite a turbulent 2025, Canada's economy is starting from a surprisingly stronger position than many realize. Per-capita GDP improved for the first time in three years. The real question is: Can this improvement be sustained as international headwinds continue to grow.

South of the border, our outlook for the U.S. remains "stagflation lite"—sticky services inflation around 3% paired with growth below 2%. It's not just about tariffs. Uneven consumer spending driven by wealthy households and retirees is keeping inflation pressures alive.

Trade disruptions in 2025 took a toll on Canada-U.S. relations after decades of coordination and integration. Still, the two economies are more similar than many may appreciate. 

In this season finale of the 10-Minute Take, RBC Economics' Claire Fan and Carrie Freestone round up three common themes shaping both economies this year. They include:

• Slowing population growth, and how it’s impacted a key labour market benchmark—breakeven employment rates.

• Resilient consumer spending holding up despite much trade uncertainty and deteriorating job market conditions.

• Big government deficits—an ongoing theme in the U.S. post-pandemic, but also emerging in Canada as well.

The U.S. government shutdown ended after 43 days—the longest in history—and, economists now have more clarity about the release of government data.

But, clarity on timing doesn't mean clarity on the state of the U.S. economy. Without key October data, the U.S. Federal Reserve faces significant fog heading into the critical December interest rate decision.

In this episode of the 10-Minute Take, RBC Economics' Claire Fan and Carrie Freestone discuss:

• When (and if) key indicators like the October jobs and inflation data will be released, and what gaps we're facing.
• What September data revealed about the economy heading into the shutdown
• How the shutdown will weigh on GDP growth in Q4 2025.
• Why the Fed's December meeting is consequential, and whether a pause may be the most prudent move.

In response to tariff pressures and economic weakness, Budget 2025 commits big new spending to spark private investment and reignite growth – with higher deficits and debt as a result. In this episode of the 10-Minute Take, RBC Economist Claire Fan is joined by RBC Assistant Chief Economist Cynthia Leach to discuss:

• Why fiscal policy is the right tool to address the weak growth outlook
• How the growth agenda is central to the government’s fiscal plan
• Whether the budget does enough to catalyze growth – and the execution risks that could derail it
• If Canada can afford to spend big right now

It’s the 23rd day of the U.S. government shutdown and 750,000 federal workers are furloughed.

Significant data disruptions are clouding visibility over the economy just as the U.S. Federal Reserve restarts its rate-cutting cycle.

In this episode of the 10-Minute Take, join RBC Economists Claire Fan and Carrie Freestone as they discuss:

• Why data disruptions may be more concerning than immediate economic disruptions.
• What alternative private sector indicators reveal about the current state of the U.S. economy.
• The Fed's likely path forward amid the data blackout and trade uncertainty.

Amid the constant churn of U.S. tariff headlines, fundamental questions about Canada's trade often go unanswered. Questions such as:

• What exactly does Canada export—and where does it all go?

• Has Canada always been this dependent on the U.S. market?

• Which provinces are most at risk from trade disruptions?

• Should we worry less about tariffs on certain goods like fungible raw materials than others?

In this episode on the 10-Minute Take, RBC Economics’ Claire Fan and Carrie Freestone dig into these questions and more.

Both the Federal Reserve and the Bank of Canada returned from the sidelines this week – with widely anticipated decisions to cut their policy rate by 25 basis points.

But behind these moves lie different motivations and signals, sparking debate over what this means for the economic outlook on both sides of the border.

In this episode, RBC economists Carrie Freestone and Claire Fan unpack what drove these decisions and why they view the Fed’s action as a step toward policy normalization—not easing. Later, they shift their focus to Canada, where a mixed data picture begs the question: will the BoC cut rates again in October?

U.S. tariff collection among imports are now at the highest level since the 1930s, and many are wondering how these policies are measuring up against their objectives.

In this episode of the 10-Minute Take, RBC Economics' Assistant Chief Economist Nathan Janzen is joined by Senior Economist Claire Fan to discuss:

• Who’s bearing the costs of tariffs so far.

• The current and future prospects for U.S. manufacturing amid protectionist measures.

• Whether tariff revenues can make a meaningful dent in America's massive federal deficit.

• What these findings mean for the sustainability of U.S. tariff policy going forward.

Recent economic data in the U.S. reinforces our "stagflation lite" view as early signs of tariff impacts have emerged alongside unexpected labour market weakness.

In this episode of the 10-Minute Take, RBC Economics' Claire Fan and Carrie Freestone break down:

• What stagflation lite means and why it's different from severe stagflation in the 1970s.

• How producer price data are showing early impacts of tariffs before these fully reach consumer prices.

• Why dramatic downward revisions to employment figures signal a concerning trend.

• What this scenario in the U.S. means for Canada’s export-dependent economy.