通勤學英語 15Mins Today

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K043: Brazil Is Famous for Its Meat. But Vegetarianism Is Soaring.

路易莎．塔瓦雷斯為巴西里約熱內盧郊區山上一座印度教靜修所製作團膳素食多年，卻因新冠肺炎疫情導致靜修所關閉而失業。

She started cooking from home, taking orders from people she knew. With a little Instagram marketing, she had inadvertently tapped into Brazil’s booming demand for plant-based food.

塔瓦雷斯開始跟認識的人接單，在家做素食餐。她在Instagram稍稍宣傳，無意中趕上了巴西植物性飲食的潮流。

The country, the world's largest beef exporter, has seen a dramatic shift toward plant-based diets. The number of self-declared vegetarians in Brazil has nearly doubled over a six-year period, according to a poll by research firm Ibope; 30 million people, or 14% of Brazilians, reported being vegetarian or vegan in 2018.

巴西是全球最大牛肉出口國，卻大舉投向植物性飲食的懷抱。根據調研公司伊波普的民調，巴西自稱吃素者6年間增加近倍；2018年有3000萬人表示吃素或吃純素，占人口的14%。

Mainstream supermarkets now stock foods made from plant-based protein next to its meat, poultry and fish. And in the toniest neighborhoods of major capitals, eateries that devote as much attention to atmosphere as they do to the menu serve up inventive, meatless dishes to a casually hip crowd.

如今主流超級市場都會把植物性蛋白質製成的食品放在畜肉、禽肉和魚類旁，而在各大城市最時髦的區段，一些認為營造氣氛與設計菜單同等重要的餐館，向走在潮流尖端的顧客供應創意素食。

This transformation has turned the nation of 212 million people—globally renowned for all-you-can-eat steakhouses and increasingly under siege for the carbon footprint of its cattle ranches—into a powerhouse for plant-based food innovation.

這樣的轉變使這個人口2.12億、以吃到飽牛排館聞名全球、日益為其牧牛場的碳足跡困擾的國家，成了植物性飲食創新的大國。

Brazilian plant-based food startups have seen soaring demand since animal-based protein analogs first became widely available in 2019 in supermarkets and restaurants.

以非動物性蛋白質製造的仿肉產品2019年在超市和餐廳普及後，巴西植物性飲食新創公司產品的需求不斷飆升。

The shift away from animal-based protein is mainly being driven by health concerns, experts said. Obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease have increased as people have adopted more sedentary lifestyles and junk food has become increasingly cheap and accessible.

專家指出，巴西人不再熱中於動物性蛋白質，主要因為擔心健康。隨著人們更懶得動，垃圾食物又愈來愈便宜且更買得起，有肥胖問題及糖尿病和心血管疾病的人變多了。

Rising deforestation, much of which is driven by the meat industry, and an increasingly visible animal rights movement are secondary factors pushing Brazilians to reduce or phase out animal products.

巴西人減少或逐步戒掉動物產品消費的次要原因，則是肉類產業難辭其咎的森林濫伐，以及日益引人注目的動物權運動。

Companies that have relied on Brazilians' love of meat have taken note of the shift in views and appetites. Outback Steakhouse, one of the most popular chain restaurants in Brazil, early last year launched a burger made with broccoli and cauliflower.

長期靠巴西人愛吃肉生存的公司，注意到人們觀念和口味變了。巴西最受歡迎的連鎖餐廳之一「澳美客牛排館」，去年年初推出了綠花椰和白花椰製成的漢堡。

“We're going through a revolution,” said Bruno Fonseca, a co-founder of New Butchers, one of several new Brazilian companies that makes plant-based replicas of animal-based protein, including burger patties, chicken breast alternatives and imitation salmon.

「新型肉商」是巴西製造動物蛋白質植物版仿製品的幾家新創廠商之一，這些產品包括漢堡肉餅，雞胸肉替代品，以及仿鮭魚肉，該公司共同創辦人方賽卡說：「我們正在經歷一場革命。」

Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/5162011

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.K042: About Asia - Not wasted： Sewage in Nepal serves as affordable virus warning tool

A pungent smell hangs in the early morning air as researchers collect samples of sewage dumped into a river in Nepal － a cost-effective way to trace the coronavirus spread for the resource-strapped Himalayan nation.

研究人員在尼泊爾一條河流採取排放到河中的污水樣本，空氣中飄著一股強烈的臭味—對於這個資源拮据的喜馬拉雅山國家來說，這是追蹤冠狀病毒散播情況的一種划算方式。

"When you are limited in the resources that are available for testing and screening, this is a quick and easy way － and a cheaper way － of finding hotspots," said Dibesh Karmacharya, who co-founded Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal, the NGO leading the research.

「當你篩檢所需資源有限，這是找出熱點的便捷方法，而且比較便宜」，率領這項研究的非政府組織「尼泊爾分子動態中心」共同創辦人卡瑪查亞說。

With some cases asymptomatic, the community-wide nature of the testing, rather than at an individual level, could help pick up the disease in places where it may not appear to be present.

由於有些感染病例是無症狀，這種檢測方式涵蓋全社區，而非針對個人，有助於在疫情或許尚未浮現的地方得知病毒蹤跡。

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「咯咯笑麵包」和「樂舞沙拉」不是泰國菜單上的尋常菜色，但一家小餐館希望它加了大麻的美食能引誘外國遊客，並擺脫這種近來合法化的大麻葉的禁忌。

The restaurant at the Chao Phya Abhaibhubejhr Hospital in Prachin Buri started serving its own happy meals this month, after Thailand de-listed cannabis as a narcotic, allowing state-authorised firms to cultivate the plant.

在泰國將大麻自毒品除名並准許政府授權的企業種植這種植物後，這家設在巴真武里府昭披耶河阿拜布別澤醫院的餐廳，本月開始供應它的快樂餐。

“Cannabis leaves, when put in the food or even a small amount ... it will help the patient to recover faster from the illness,” said Pakakrong Kwankao, the project leader at the hospital.

該醫院這項計畫的主持人帕卡克隆．寬考說，「當把大麻葉放進食物，或是甚至只有少量…它會幫助病人從疾病中較快恢復。」

“The cannabis leaf can improve appetite and make people sleep well, and also be in a good mood."

Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1427425 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1404482

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.K041: Surging shipping rates pose new headwind for the global economy

Shocks to supply chains are engulfing a wider swath of the global economy as the pandemic rages on, threatening to stifle Asia’s trade-led recovery just as soaring freight rates make it harder for businesses to weather another year like 2020.

疫情肆虐，衝擊供應鏈，全球經濟受創幅度加巨；高昂的運費，讓企業更難再熬過如二○二○年般艱難的一年，以貿易為主導之亞洲經濟，復甦之路恐窒礙難行。

Shortages of consumer goods like paper towels and work-from-home gear early in the COVID-19 crisis have given way to parts shortfalls in one of the most globally integrated of industries: auto manufacturing.

武漢肺炎（新型冠狀病毒病，COVID-19）危機初期的紙巾與在家工作用品等消費品之短缺，已轉為汽車製造業的零件短缺──造車業為全球整合程度最高的工業之一。

Compounding the industrial imbalances are transport woes plaguing consumer and healthcare sectors still dealing with a dearth of available shipping containers to move components and finished products out of China, Taiwan, South Korea and Asia’s other export powers.

消費與醫療保健業所面臨之運輸困難，使工業的失衡狀況加劇──由於貨櫃短缺，零組件及製成品很難由中國、台灣、韓國及亞洲其他出口大國運出。

Nerijus Poskus, vice president for global ocean at San Francisco-based freight forwarder Flexport Inc, reckons the world needs the equivalent of 500,000 more 20-foot containers — roughly enough to fill 25 of the largest ships in operation — to satisfy the current demand. In the meantime, standard container rates on transpacific routes are quadruple what they were a year ago. And that is before equipment surcharges and premiums for guaranteed loading are added.

總部設於舊金山的運輸公司「飛協博」全球海洋副總裁奈瑞尤斯‧帕司克斯估計，若要滿足當前需求，全世界需要再增加五十萬個二十呎貨櫃──大約可裝滿二十五艘目前最大的船舶。而且現在跨太平洋航線的標準貨櫃運價是一年前的四倍，這還不包括設備附加費及保證裝載的額外費用。

“Anyone paying the freight bills in 2020 though knows the true cost of shipping is much higher than even the recently increased rates,” Poskus said. “We expect that to only increase in 2021.”

「雖然在二○二○年支付運費的人都知道，真正的運輸成本甚至比最近上漲的運費還要高」，帕司克斯表示。「我們預計在二○二一年只會繼續上漲」。

The unstoppable rise in container shipping costs is borne out by December figures recently announced by Taiwan’s three major shipping companies — Evergreen Marine Corp, Yang Ming Marine Transport Corp and Wan Hai Lines Ltd — which saw a record-breaking year-on-year surge of revenue at 58.8 percent, 35.19 percent and 75.71 percent respectively.

貨櫃海運運價一路走高，勢不可擋，台灣貨櫃三雄──長榮、陽明、萬海──近日公布二○二○年十二月營收，分別年增百分之五十八點八、百分之三十五點一九、百分之七十五點七一，皆同步創下歷史新高。

Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2021/01/18/2003750759

每日英語跟讀Podcast，就在http://www.15mins.today/daily-shadowing

Hello 通勤家族，歡迎收聽Look Back Sunday回顧星期天，在這個節目John老師會彙整過去不同國家與主題的熱門跟讀文章，讓你可以在十五分鐘內吸收最精華的世界時事趣聞！我們這週聽聽韓國的趣聞，Let's get right to it!

Topic: About S.Korea - Drive-thru clinics: Korea’s new weapons in virus fight

South Korea is trying new ploys to battle the novel coronavirus outbreak.

南韓正嘗試新方法來對抗新型冠狀病毒的爆發。

Goyang, Gyeonggi Province, set up a drive-thru testing facility on Wednesday, where symptom checks, sample collection and payment receipt are done in one-stop fashion in under 10 minutes.

京畿道高陽市週三搭建一個得來速檢測設施，即以一站式的方式、不到10分鐘，在該設施完成症狀檢查、採樣和開立付款收據。

Gyeonggi Province communications official Park Hyun-su said that the checkups at the drive-thru are about 20 minutes faster than the typical way done at hospitals or public health centers. Park said the service will soon be introduced in other regions of the province. Other cities outside Gyeonggi Province with drive-thru clinics are Daegu and Sejong.

京畿道政府聯絡官朴炫秀（譯音）說，在得來速門診進行的體檢，比在各醫院或衛生所做的典型檢查約快20分鐘。朴還說，這項服務很快就將被引進該道其他地區。京畿道以外設有得來速門診的其他城市為大邱與世宗。

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Topic: Vintage fashion： senior models bridge S. Korea’s age divide 陳年時尚：高齡模特兒縮小南韓世代鴻溝

Aged 70 she was working 20 hours a day in a hospital just to make ends meet. Now at 75, Choi Soon-hwa is an unlikely fashion star and model in South Korea.

70歲時，她每天在醫院工作20小時也僅能餬口。現在75歲，崔順花在南韓是打破眾人印象的時尚明星和模特兒。

"I think of having this job at this age as a miracle," Choi says.

「我覺得在這年紀能有這份工作，已經是奇蹟了」，崔順花說。

She is now the oldest professional model in the South, and has walked runway at Seoul Fashion Week. It is a far cry from her life even just a few years ago when she was a care worker.

她是目前南韓年紀最大的職業模特兒，在首爾時尚週走過秀。這與她僅僅數年前還是一名看護員的生活截然不同。

"The stress was excruciating," she confesses.

「那時候壓力大得令人喘不過氣」，她坦言。

When she worked at the hospital, she says she had to dye her hair as patients didn’t want someone who "looked too old" to look after them. Now her pale locks have become an asset to a new generation of designers who value distinctiveness.

她說，她在醫院工作的那段時間，因為病患不希望被「看起來太老」的人照顧，她不得不染髮。現在，她的一頭銀髮反而成為重視獨特性的新世代設計師眼中的資產。

Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1355590 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1352896

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Topic: More ’Korean bananas’ to be harvested this year amid climate change

Jeju Island was long considered the only warm-enough region in Korea for commercial banana farming, but climate change is now turning the mainland into a producer of the tropical fruit.

濟州島長久以來被認為是韓國唯一一個夠溫暖的地區，適合香蕉商業化種植。但氣候變遷現在正使韓國本土，變成這種熱帶水果的產地。

According to the agricultural technology center in North Chungcheong Province, the number of people investing in banana farming has surged in recent years.

根據忠清北道農業技術中心，投資香蕉種植的人數近年來已急遽增加。

About 99.7 percent of all bananas consumed here are imported, mainly from the Philippines, and most of the rest is produced on Jeju. But with more farmers exploring the field, this soon could change.

南韓吃掉的所有香蕉中，約99.7%為進口，主要來自菲律賓，其餘大多數產自濟州島。惟隨著更多農民探索這片領域，這種情形不久就可能有所改變。

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Topic: South Korean football club fined $81,300 after filling stands with ’sex dolls’ 南韓足球隊在看台上擺放充氣娃娃後被罰款8萬1300美元

South Korean football team FC Seoul has said it has been handed a 100 million KRW（$81,300）fine after being accused of placing sex dolls in its stands to add to the atmosphere during a closed match.

南韓足球隊FC首爾隊表示，該隊在被控於看台上擺放充氣娃娃，以便在一場閉門比賽時增添氣氛後，遭罰款1億韓圜（8萬1300美元）。

FC Seoul sparked controversy on Sunday during its home match against Gwangju in South Korea’s top football championship, with the club being accused of using sex dolls to fill its stands.

FC首爾隊週日在主場出戰光州隊的南韓頂級足球聯賽中引發爭議，被控在看台上擺放充氣娃娃。

Fans criticized the club online and said it had blown the chance to show off the K League to an international audience.

球迷在網路上痛批該隊，指稱該隊讓向各國觀賽者展現南韓足球聯盟的大好良機告吹。

"FC Seoul messed it up making the league look salacious," wrote one. "It’s really ugly and dirty."

「FC首爾隊搞砸了，讓聯盟看起來很淫蕩，」一名球迷寫道。「真的又醜又髒。」

However others said the whole incident had been blown out of proportion.

但也有其他人覺得，整件事情未免小題大作。

"Those who don’t even watch football normally are turning this into a thing," wrote another fan.

「通常是那些連足球都沒在看的人才會把這個當一回事，」一名球迷寫道。

Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1379287; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1379517

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Topic: Real Korean Flavor For a YouTube Table

During the years that she was addicted to online gaming, life for Emily Kim began when she got home from work at 6 p.m.

艾蜜莉．金沉迷網路遊戲那些年，她的生活從下午6點下班到家開始。

“I would shower quick, and eat something, no matter what, so I could start playing my game,” said Ms. Kim, a.k.a the YouTube Korean-cooking star Maangchi. “And I wouldn’t stop till 3 a.m.”

「我會很快沖個澡，隨便吃點東西，然後就玩遊戲，一直玩到凌晨3點。」這位金女士，也就是YouTube上的韓國料理烹飪明星Maangchi，如是說。

In 2003, divorced and with her two grown children out of the house, Ms. Kim ventured into the online role-playing battle game City of Heroes and couldn’t pull herself away. Maangchi, pronounced MAHNG-chee and meaning “hammer” in Korean, was the name of her online avatar, who specialized in destruction, wielding a huge scimitar and wearing a tiny miniskirt.

2003年，她離了婚，兩個孩子也長大離家，她投入線上角色扮演打鬥遊戲《城市英雄》，難以自拔。Maangchi是她的網名，發音似「忙起」，在韓語中是「鐵鎚」的意思。Maangchi揮舞巨大的短彎刀，穿超短裙，擅長破壞。

In 2007, her children persuaded her to try a more nourishing form of Internet expression: cooking videos. “I had no idea if anyone would watch me,” she said, “but the Korean recipes I saw in English were full of mistakes, and I wanted to show the real way we do things.”

2007年，孩子們勸她嘗試一種更有營養的網路表達方式：烹飪視頻。「我不知道有沒有人想看我，」她說，「不過，我看到的英文韓國菜食譜充滿錯誤，所以我想展示我們道地的烹飪方法。」

Now, Ms. Kim has more than 619,000 YouTube subscribers.

如今，她的YouTube頻道訂戶超過65萬。

At age 58, she has just published a cookbook, “Maangchi’s Real Korean Cooking,” one of the few comprehensive books on Korean cooking written for Americans, but without major adjustments to make the food more accessible.

58歲的她剛出版了《Maangchi的正宗韓餐食譜》，這是少數寫給美國人看、內容詳盡的韓餐食譜，但沒有為方便讀者而做重大調整。

From watching her videos, it is hard to envision Ms. Kim as a reclusive gamer. In extravagant eye makeup and bright pink lipstick, she cooks huge batches of bibimbap, bulgogi and KFC, sweet-sticky-spicy Korean fried chicken. She demonstrates the endless variations of kimchi and schools her viewers in the pronunciation of dishes like soegogi-muguk (pronounced SAY-go-gee moo-GUHK), beef and radish soup.

看她的視頻，很難想像她是個宅在家的網路玩家。她打著濃厚的眼影，塗著亮粉色口紅，烹調石鍋拌飯、韓國烤肉，以及肯德基式的甜辣韓國炸雞。她向觀眾展示種類繁多的韓國泡菜，傳授食物的正確發音，比如牛肉蘿蔔湯。

Although she presents herself as lighthearted, Ms. Kim is first and foremost a teacher, and a strict one at that. “I have to do everything correctly,” she said. “Otherwise I will hear about it from the Koreans.”

儘管擺出一副輕鬆模樣，但首先她是位老師，而且是位嚴師。「我每件事都得做好，」她說。「否則會被韓國人批評。」

This is a phrase she often repeated to the editors of her cookbook when they quailed at including recipes for fermented sardines, jellyfish salad and kelp stock. This, Ms. Kim believes, is the problem with virtually every Korean restaurant in the United States: The food is sweeter, saltier, less spicy, less fishy and less rich with umami than it should be.

這是食譜編輯怯於把某些菜單，例如發酵沙丁魚、涼拌海蜇皮和海帶高湯加到書裡時，她屢屢對他們重申的話。她認為這正是幾乎所有美國韓餐館都有的問題：食物比正宗的韓國料理更甜或更鹹，但是辣味、魚味和鮮味不足。

Ms. Kim was raised in Yeosu, near the southern tip of the Korean Peninsula, where her family was in the seafood business. She learned from her mother, aunts and grandmothers how to not only cook but also pickle, smoke, dry and ferment.

她在靠近朝鮮半島南端的港市麗水長大，家族經營海鮮生意。她從母親、阿姨和阿嬤那裡不僅學習如何烹飪，還學習如何醃製、燻製、風乾和發酵食品。

Ms. Kim first came to the United States in 1992 with her husband, who emigrated to take a teaching

job in Missouri. In the Midwest, she would lead fellow expatriates on expeditions in search of Japanese or Chinese restaurants.

1992年，她隨丈夫首次來到美國。她的丈夫移民美國，在密蘇里州教書。在美國中西部，她帶領其他韓僑尋找日本或中國餐館。

Now, she lives and shoots her videos in a compact apartment perched above Times Square. She shares the apartment with David Seguin, a web developer at The New York Times, whom she married in 2009. There, she practices the slow and ancient art of fermenting, making gochujang (chile paste) and doenjang (soybean paste), an umami-rich flavor element pervasive in Korean cooking. The recipe calls for an electric blanket, about four liters of salt and hay; it takes almost a year to complete.

現在，她住在紐約市時報廣場邊一個高樓層小公寓裡，也在這裡拍攝視頻。她和丈夫大衛．塞金同住，塞金是《紐約時報》的網頁開發者，兩人於2009年結婚。就在這個公寓裡，她用古法緩慢發酵製作辣醬和豆瓣醬。豆瓣醬在韓餐中非常普遍，鮮味十足。烹飪書指定要有電熱毯，四公升的鹽巴與乾草，需要近一年時間才能做好。

Traditionally, even a basic family dinner consists of 8 to 10 different dishes: soup or stew, rice, kimchi, often a stir-fry of protein and vegetables, and at least three side dishes like spicy cucumber salad or steamed eggplant.

按照韓國傳統，最基本的家庭晚餐也包括八至十種不同的菜肴：湯或燉菜、米飯、泡菜、通常是炒蛋和炒蔬菜、至少三份小菜，例如辣拌黃瓜或蒸茄子。

“There is nothing Koreans love more than sitting around a table where every inch is covered with food,” Ms. Kim said. “And if there is a grill in the middle of it, that is even better.”

「韓國人最喜歡圍坐在擺滿食物的桌邊，」她說，「如果桌子正中有烤肉，就更好了。」

Summary

KFC changed their classic “ Finger Lickin Good” slogan that was considered to be inappropriate during the pandemic in 2020. Instead of It’s Finger Lickin Good, now the words “Finger” and “Lickin" are pixelated. KFC senior executive said they will revert to the original slogan when it is appropriate again. In 2021, Macdonald’s plan to launch their Macplant platform and debut their plant-based patty co-created by Beyond Meat.

原跟讀文章: https://www.15mins.today/blog/ep-1002-about-fast-food-kfc-drops-finger-lickin-good-slogan

Vocabulary and Sample Sentences:

Pixelate v. – divide an image into pixels / display an image as a small number of pixels to disguise someone’s identity.

• KFC pixelated a few words in their slogan to avoid public confusion.  

Health hazard n. - health risk

• It is considered a health hazard for people to eat without washing their hands.

Mainstream n. ideas, attitudes, or activities that are regarded as conventional or dominant in society.

• Plant-based products are close to becoming mainstream products.

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.K040: From Buffalo to San Antonio and Beyond, Museums Woo Members

When financier Jeffrey Gundlach showered $42.5 million on the Albright-Knox Art Gallery in Buffalo, New York, it radically altered the museum’s long-term agenda.

金融家傑佛瑞．岡拉克致贈大禮4,250萬美元給紐約州水牛城奧爾布賴特─諾克斯美術館時，它徹底改變了博物館的長期行事計畫。

The gift was predicated on the challenge that the museum raise $50 million more in just three months, with the money going to a major new building as well as an operating fund that would help guarantee its upkeep.

這份大禮建立在一項挑戰上，美術館必須在短短3個月內，籌措到額外的5000萬美元資金，這筆資金將投入一棟重要的新建築以及確保它能正常營運的基金。

Such transformative gifts are unusual for any museum, but they are rarer in cities where wealth is not as high as in cosmopolitan behemoths such as New York, Houston or Los Angeles. Smaller cities generally lack the influx of newcomers who are willing to make a splash with a big gift in their adopted city, and their museums depend on luring repeat visitors.

這種改造性的禮物對任何博物館來說都不尋常，對財力不及紐約、休士頓或洛杉磯這些世界級大都會的一些城市更是難得一見。一般而言，較小城市較難見到樂於捐贈引人注目大禮給他們定居城市的新居民潮，它們的博物館因此只能仰賴吸引回頭客。

Sometimes, to do that, museums are forfeiting admission fees. As Julian Zugazagoitia, director of the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City, Missouri, puts it: “If a museum is free, you can come and go. You can come often and do one gallery at a time. A museum can be like a restaurant, you can taste one thing at a time.”

有時為達此目的，博物館會放棄收取門票。正如密蘇里州堪薩斯市納爾遜─艾金斯美術館館長朱利安．祖加扎吉蒂亞所說：「倘若美術館免費，你就會來來回回。你可以經常來參觀，一次欣賞一個館。美術館也可像餐館一樣，一次只來品嘗一道美味。」

Indeed, of the 242 museums that are members of the Association of Art Museum Directors, fully one-third are free, said the association’s director, Christine Anagnos.

「美術館館長協會」會長克莉絲汀．亞納格諾斯說，事實上，協會的242家美術館成員中，整整有三分之一不收門票。

That trend puts particular pressure on institutions to exploit their existing resources and to bond with other local arts organizations in original programs for the public. Whether these programs take place in the museum or outside, the strategy is to lure more visitors who may well become members.

這種趨勢對這些機構形成特殊的壓力，必須更加善用既有的資源以及和其他在地藝術組織結合，提供原創性展覽供民眾觀賞。這些展覽無論是否是在美術館內舉行，策略都是為了吸引更多可能成為會員的參觀者。

And museums are doing just that. Erik Neil, who took over as director of the Chrysler Museum of Art in Norfolk, Virginia, three years ago, said that 75 percent of the museum’s visitors come from within 50 miles.

一些美術館正在這樣做。三年前接手成為維吉尼亞州諾福克市克萊斯勒美術館館長的艾瑞克．尼爾說，他的美術館75％的參觀者來自50英里內。

Neil has worked to involve African-Americans as well as personnel at the nearby Navy base and lesbian, gay, transgender and bisexual groups. Among the efforts: an exhibit of “Women and the Civil Rights Movement” and “Thomas Hart Benton and the Navy.”

尼爾努力讓非裔美國人，附近海軍基地人員，以及男女同性戀、跨性別、雙性戀者都參與其中。他的作為包括舉辦「婦女與民權運動展」，以及「湯馬斯．哈特．班頓與海軍展」。

To make the Chrysler Museum more welcoming, Neil has done away with museum guards. Instead, he relies on paid employees to act as hosts to visitors. For example, he said, “If visitors have questions, the employees can get in touch with a curator for the answer.”

為讓克萊斯勒美術館更受歡迎，尼爾撤掉了美術館的警衛，改而仰賴支薪僱員扮演接待來賓的主人。他舉例說道：「如果參觀者有疑問，這些僱員可以聯繫策展人以提供解答。」

Directors are also breaking through museum walls to extend the art experience into the streets and on to museum lawns with cocktail evenings for young members or even art events that go beyond the museum doors.

館長們同時突破美術館的厚牆，將藝術經驗延伸到街頭和美術館的草坪上，不僅為年輕會員舉辦雞尾酒夜，還有踏出美術館大門的一些藝術活動。

Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/320440/web/

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用email訂閱就可以收到通勤學英語節目更新通知。

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K039: In Japan, the Elderly Often Live, and Die, Alone

Cicadas, every Japanese schoolchild knows, lie underground for years before rising to the earth’s surface in summer. They climb up the nearest tree, where they cast off their shells and start their short second lives. During their few days among us, they mate, fly and cry. They cry until their bodies are found on the ground, twitching in their last moments, or on their backs with their legs pointing upward.

每個日本學童都知道，蟬會在地下蟄伏多年，而後在夏天爬到地表。牠們會攀上最近的樹，在那裡脫殼並展開短促的第二段生命。在與我們人類共處的短短幾天內，牠們交配、飛翔並鳴叫。牠們鳴噪，直到身軀落地，在臨終時抽動，或背部貼地腳朝天。

Chieko Ito hated the din they made. They had just started shrieking, as they always did in early summer, and the noise would keep getting louder in the weeks to come, invading her third-floor apartment, making any kind of silence impossible. As one species of cicadas quieted down, another’s distinct cry would take over. Then, as the insects peaked in numbers, showers of dead and dying cicadas would rain down on her enormous housing complex, stopping only with the end of summer itself.

伊籐千惠子討厭蟬噪。蟬兒才剛開始呼噪，一如既往的初夏。喧噪聲會在未來幾周變得越來越吵，侵擾她的三樓寓所，並扼殺所有的寧靜。當一種蟬安靜時，另一種蟬又會接著聒噪。而後當蟬的數量達到高峰，成批死掉或垂死的蟬就會灑落在她偌大的住宅社區中，直到夏天本身結束為止。

“You hear them from morning to evening,” she sighed.

「從早到晚都聽見牠們在鬧。」伊籐嘆道。

It was the afternoon of her 91st birthday, and unusually hot, part of a heat wave that had community leaders worried. Elderly volunteers had been winding through the labyrinth of footpaths, distributing leaflets on the dangers of heatstroke to the many hundreds of residents like Ito who lived alone in 171 nearly identical white buildings. With no families or visitors to speak of, many older tenants spent weeks or months cocooned in their small apartments, offering little hint of their existence to the world outside their doors. And each year, some of them died without anyone knowing, only to be discovered after their neighbors caught the smell.

這是她91歲生日的下午，天氣異常的熱，這波熱浪令社區主事者憂心。一些年長志工走過迷宮般的小徑，向171棟幾乎一樣白色大樓的數以百計像伊籐這樣獨居的住民發送傳單，提醒他們中暑的危險。許多年紀大的房客沒有家人或訪客可說話，繭居在小寓所幾周或幾個月，讓門外的世界幾乎察覺不到他們的存在。每年他們之中都有一些人在無人知曉的情況下死去，直到鄰居聞到屍臭才被發現。

The first time it happened, or at least the first time it drew national attention, the corpse of a 69-year-old man living near Ito had been lying on the floor for three years, without anyone noticing his absence. His monthly rent and utilities had been withdrawn automatically from his bank account. Finally, after his savings were depleted in 2000, the authorities came to the apartment and found his skeleton near the kitchen, its flesh picked clean by maggots and beetles, just a few feet from his next-door neighbors.

孤獨死第一次發生，或至少頭一次獲得全日本注意，是伊籐家附近一名69歲男子的屍體倒臥在地三年，沒有人發現他不見了。他的每月房租和水電瓦斯費都從個人銀行帳戶自動扣款。最後，他的存款在2000年耗盡，當局來到他家，在廚房附近發現他的骷髏，肉身已被蛆和甲蟲吃光，離隔壁鄰居只有幾英尺遠。

The huge government apartment complex where Ito has lived for nearly 60 years — one of the biggest in Japan, a monument to the nation’s postwar baby boom and aspirations for a modern, U.S. way of life — suddenly became known for something else entirely: the “lonely deaths” of the world’s most rapidly aging society.

伊籐住了近60年的龐大公家住宅社區是日本最大的公家住宅社區之一，標誌著日本戰後嬰兒潮與對現代美式生活方式的嚮往，突然間因為全然不同的事而聲名大噪：世界上老化速度最快社會的「孤獨死」。

“4,000 lonely deaths a week,” estimated the cover of a popular weekly magazine this summer, capturing the national alarm.

今年夏天，某暢銷周刊在封面標題上估計「每周有4000人孤獨死」，令舉國為之一驚。

Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/321753/web/

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.K038: About Austria - Austrian man spends 2.5 hours in box filled with ice cubes

Austrian man Josef Koeberl beat his own record for the longest full body contact with ice cubes by staying 2 hours, 30 minutes and 57 seconds inside a custom-made glass box filled up to his shoulders with ice cubes.

奧地利男子喬瑟夫．柯厄伯爾打敗自己保持的「與冰塊長時間身體接觸」紀錄，在一個量身訂做且冰塊滿到肩膀的玻璃箱中，待上2小時30分又57秒。

More than 200 kilograms of ice cubes were needed to fill up the box, after Koeberl stepped inside wearing nothing but swim trunks.

在僅穿泳褲的柯厄伯爾踏入後，需要逾200公斤冰塊才能填滿這個玻璃箱。

In order to dampen the "wave of pain" caused by the freezing temperatures, Koeberl says he was trying to focus on positive emotions.

柯厄伯爾說，為了減緩低溫造成的「一波波疼痛」，他試著專心想開心的事。

A small crowd of people watched on as Koeberl beat his own record from 2019 by 30 minutes. After being taken out of the ice box by helpers he said that "the sun felt really great on my back."

一小群觀眾見證柯厄伯爾以30分鐘的差距，打敗自己2019年奠定的紀錄。在被助手拉出冰塊箱子後，他說：「陽光灑在我背上感覺超棒。」

Next Article

Tired of sniggers, Austrian village tweaks its name to Fugging 受夠遭竊笑 奧地利村莊小改名Fugging

The Austrian village of Fucking is changing its name, the mayor of the municipality where it is located said on Thursday, after residents apparently grew tired of the sniggers it prompted in the English-speaking world and of visitors stealing its signs.

奧地利Fucking村的居民顯然受夠村名引來說英語人士竊笑，以及村莊名牌被觀光客偷走，當地所屬城市市長宣布要改名。

The village has long been a figure of fun in English-speaking media, which have gleefully reported local exasperation at signs being removed.

該村莊長期以來一直是英語媒體的取笑對象，這些媒體笑嘻嘻地報導當地村民對村莊名牌被偷之事氣沖沖。

In 2018 the pornographic website Pornhub said it was offering free premium access to residents of Fucking and towns with names such as Titz, Germany or Big Beaver, Pennsylvania, in the United States.

2018年情色網站Pornhub曾宣佈，提供Fucking村以及德國帝茲鎮、美國賓州大比弗市等這些名稱地區的居民，免費登入該網站。

As of Jan. 1 the village will be called Fugging, the official statement said, adding that the initiative had been brought by the residents of the village.

Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1423967; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1423757

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.K037: Taiwan-born astronaut chosen for Artemis lunar mission

On Dec. 10, the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced the list of names of 18 astronauts who will take part in the Artemis moon-landing program. US Vice President Mike Pence, who is also chairman of the National Space Council, introduced the 18 astronauts at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The astronauts, half of whom are women, will soon commence training for the Artemis moon-landing program.

美國國家航空暨太空總署十二月十日公布「阿提米絲」登月計畫的十八名太空人名單。兼任國家太空委員會主席的美國副總統麥克·彭斯在佛羅里達州甘迺迪太空中心介紹十八名太空人，當中半數為女性。他們將為「阿提米絲」計畫展開訓練。

One of them is 47-year-old male astronaut Kjell Lindgren, who was born in Taipei on Jan. 23, 1973 to a Taiwanese mother and a Swedish father. He emigrated with his family to the Midwestern US but spent most of his childhood in the UK. After graduating from senior high school, he was admitted to the US Air Force Academy, where he majored in biology with a minor in Chinese and received a bachelor of science degree in 1995. He gained a master of science degree from Colorado State University in 1996 and a doctorate of medicine from the University of Colorado in 2002. In 2007 he received a master of public health from the University of Texas Medical Branch, where he completed his residency in aerospace medicine the following year.

其中一名四十七歲的男性太空人林其兒，於一九七三年一月二十三日出生於台北市，其母親為台灣人、父親為瑞典人，隨家人遷居美國中西部，大部分的童年時光則在英國度過。他高中畢業後考進美國空軍學院，主修生物、副修中文，一九九五年取得學士學位。一九九六年取得科羅拉多州立大學碩士學位，二○○二年又獲得科羅拉多大學醫學士學位。二○○七年取得德州大學醫學分部公共衛生碩士學位，翌年完成太空醫學住院醫師訓練。

Lindgren was chosen to be a NASA astronaut in 2009 and served as a flight surgeon for the STS-130 space shuttle mission. He joined the Expedition 44/45 mission on July 22, 2015 and stayed on the International Space Station for 141 days before returning to Earth on Dec. 11 of the same year. He is the first astronaut to have been born in Taiwan.

林其兒在二○○九年入選為太空總署太空人，曾任「STS-130」太空梭任務航空軍醫；二○一五年七月二十二日，參與遠征「44/45」任務，在國際太空站待了一百四十一天，同年十二月十一日回到地球，是史上首位在台灣出生的太空人。

Two other NASA astronauts with connections to Taiwan are Taylor Wang and Leroy Chiao.

與台灣相關的太空總署太空人還有王贛駿與焦立中。

Wang was born in Jiangxi Province, China in 1940. In 1952 he moved with his parents to Taiwan, where he attended the Refresher Substitute Elementary School (today’s Jhong-Jheng Elementary School), followed by senior high school studies at the Affiliated Senior High School of National Taiwan Normal University in Taipei, after which he moved to Hong Kong. He completed a seven-day space flight on the Challenger space shuttle from April 29 to May 6, 1985.

王贛駿一九四○年出生於中國江西省，一九五二年隨父母到台灣，在高雄讀進修代用國小（今中正國小），高中就讀於台北師大附中，後移居香港。他一九八五年四月二十九日至五月六日乘坐挑戰者號太空梭進行了為期七天的太空飛行。

Chiao is a Chinese American engineer and former astronaut. While working for NASA, he lived on board the International Space Station for six months. His father, Chiao Tsu-tao, was born in Shandong Province, China and graduated from the Affiliated Senior High School of National Taiwan Normal University and Cheng Kung University’s Department of Chemical Engineering. His mother, Cherry Chiao, was born in Qingdao City in Shandong. They married in Taiwan and moved to the US in the 1950s, and Leroy was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

焦立中為美籍華裔工程師、前太空人，於太空總署服役期間曾駐守國際太空站六個月，他的父親焦祖韜博士出生在中國山東省，畢業於台灣師大附中、成功大學化工系；其母朱青筠博士出生於山東青島市，兩人在台灣結婚，一九五○年代移居美國，在美國威斯康辛州密爾沃基市生下焦立中。

Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2020/12/29/2003749543

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K036: Civil Code reform: adulthood at 18, no 50/50 divorce assets split

The Legislative Yuan “cleared its stocks” at the end of the year by passing several important bills. Among them, a bill to amend some articles of the Civil Code, along with the Enforcement Law for Part IV, Family Law of the Civil Code, was passed on Dec. 25, lowering the age of majority from 20 to 18. Meanwhile, for the sake of equality, the minimum age of marriage for both men and women will be the same — 18 years old, which is no change for men, but it had been 16 years old for women before the amendment. A buffer period was set before the amendments take effect on Jan. 1, 2023. This is the first major change of its kind in the Civil Code since its enactment and implementation in 1929.

立法院年終大清倉，陸續通過了數項重要法案。其中包括十二月二十五日通過「民法部分條文」與「民法親屬編施行法」修正案，將成年年齡由二十歲下修為十八歲；同時，基於男女平等，最低結婚年齡由男十八歲、女十六歲，修正為男女均為十八歲，並設緩衝期，定於民國一一二年一月一日施行。這是民法自一九二九年制訂施行以來的首度重大變革。

Legislative Speaker You Si-kun, who presided at the meeting, said afterwards on his Facebook page that this is a prelude to the major task of amending the constitution. It has been the consensus of the ruling and opposition parties to revise the age threshold for the exercise of civil rights to 18 years old. The UK, France, and Germany changed their civil rights age threshold to 18 years old back in the 1970s. Taiwan’s neighbor Japan also completed such youth movement reforms in 2018.

主持院會的立法院長游錫堃會後在臉書發文表示，這是為接下來的修憲工程拉開序幕。下修公民權至十八歲已是朝野共識，英國、法國、德國早在一九七○年代就把公民權下修至十八歲，鄰近的日本也於二○一八年完成這樣的青年運動改革。

On Dec. 30, the legislature also passed on its third reading an amendment to Article 1030-1 of the Civil Code, whereby, when filing for divorce, the interests or income through utilization of the property acquired by one party before the marriage relationship will not have to be distributed equally to both parties if the other party did not contribute to acquiring the assets or cooperate in their utilization.

立法院亦於十二月三十日三讀通過民法第一○三○條之一修正草案，未來國人要是離婚，只要其中一方對婚前財產所生孳息及運用所得沒有貢獻或是協力，雙方就不必平均分配財產。

Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2021/01/04/2003749883

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