通勤學英語 15Mins Today

Welcome to 15mins.Today the home of English Shadowing. I'm your host Gavin and this is InTense Episode 30. Well guys in this episode we will be quickly looking at something useful, prepositions of time and specifically the 3 words “at on and in.” And I'm going to do them in that order, because basically we start small and work big in this instance.

So we start with “at” which we use for a specific time, then we use “on” which we use for day or date and then we use “in” which is for the big things, in a month, in a year. So for example “at 10:00 AM,” “on Friday” and then “in 10 years” or “in 2020.” So it is very simple, you start small and you go big. When you start with time and it can be a specific time like “at 10:00 AM,” “at 10:00 PM.” It can also be a certain thing like noon, noon is “at 12” so “at noon, at midday.” So those we use “ at 4” with “ on” we use usually for day or date, “on my birthday, on January the 3rd, on the 3rd of January, on Friday, on Saturdays.” “I do not enjoy working on December 25th.” or “on Christmas Day, on Christmas.” So the last one is of course the big one which is ”in.” So “in December, in 2022, in the 1970s, in the 21st century, in the next decade, in the Bronze Age.” So this is the big one, so it starts more with, at a specific time, on a day or a date and then in for the big things. OK, so let's get started with our examples!

Drill Sentences:

Did Jane have a meeting at 11:00 PM? No, she did not have a meeting at 11:00 PM.

Is the conference on Tuesday? Yes, it is on Tuesday.

Is the conference on Tuesday? No, it is not on Tuesday.

Will the sales target increase in 2020? Yes, it will increase in 2020.

Will the sales target increase in 2020? No, it will not increase in 2020.

Does Peter have lunch at noon? Yes, he has lunch at noon.

Does Peter have lunch at noon? No, he does not have lunch at noon.

Will you meet John and Jane on the 3rd? Yes, I will meet them on the 3rd.

Will you meet John and Jane on the 3rd? No, I will not meet them on the 3rd.

Do you enjoy having a coffee at dawn? Yes, I enjoy having a coffee at dawn.

Do you enjoy having a coffee at dawn? No, I do not enjoy having a coffee at dawn.

Does Mary work on Christmas? Yes, she works on Christmas.

Does Mary work on Christmas? No, she does not work on Christmas.

Is Peter's birthday in January? Yes, his birthday is in January.

Is Peter's birthday in January? No, his birthday is not in January.

Will life be better in the future? Yes, life will be better in the future.

Will life be better in the future? No, life will not be better in the future.

Well that's it guys. I hope that helps you out, you can go online you can search Google for “prepositions of time” and you can find lists, and you can look at those and they will help you figure out how to use it, but as I said it's quite simple, you start small with “at” bigger with “on” and then for the big one you use “it.” I hope you find it useful, keep repeating and catch you next time, bye!

用email訂閱就可以收到所有15mins.Today最新節目通知。

Summary:

This article covers the issues facing teachers in the UK. The stress and workload facing teachers is creating a shortage of teachers. This is leading to changes in work to retain teachers and entice new teachers to join the profession.

Full article here: https://www.15mins.today/blog/697-teachers-experience-more-stress-than-other-professions-study-shows

Vocabulary and Sample Sentences:

Echo v.: To repeat an idea or opinion because you agree with it

1. Do you echo the idea that education should be free?

Workload n.: The amount of work a person or organization has to do.

1. Do you have a heavy workload?

Underfunded adj.: Not enough money so functions poorly.

1. Is the Health Department underfunded?

用email訂閱就可以收到所有15mins.Today最新節目通知。

Oxford Dictionaries has declared “climate emergency” the word of the year for 2019, following a hundred-fold increase in usage that it says demonstrated a “greater immediacy” in the way we talk about the climate.

牛津字典宣布，二○一九年的年度詞彙為「climate emergency」（氣候緊急狀態），該詞的使用次數較之前增加了一百倍，顯示我們談論氣候時有「更大的急迫性」。

Defined as “a situation in which urgent action is required to reduce or halt climate change and avoid potentially irreversible environmental damage resulting from it,” Oxford said the words soared from “relative obscurity” to “one of the most prominent — and prominently debated — terms of 2019.”

According to the dictionary’s data, usage of “climate emergency” soared 10,796 percent.

牛津字典將「climate emergency」定義為「需要採取緊急行動來應對的狀況，以減低或阻止氣候變化，避免其可能造成之不可逆轉的環境破壞」，該詞由「相對冷僻」躍升成為「二○一九年最突出及討論度最高的詞彙」。

Oxford said the choice was reflective of the rise in climate awareness, with the focus specifically on the language we use to discuss it. The rise of “climate emergency” reflected a conscious push toward language of immediacy and urgency, the dictionary said.

根據牛津字典的數據，「climate emergency」的使用次數暴增了百分之一萬零七百九十六。

牛津字典表示，選擇該詞不僅是反映氣候意識的抬頭，所著重的更是我們討論它時所用的語言；「climate emergency」一詞的興起，反映了語言朝向立即性和緊迫性的有意識推進。

In May, the Guardian updated its style guide to clarify that “climate emergency” or “global heating” would be favored over “climate change” or “global warming” (although the original terms are not banned) to better reflect the scientific consensus that this was “a catastrophe for humanity.”

英國《衛報》在五月更新了格式手冊，說明應優先選擇「climate emergency」或「global heating」（全球熱化）這些詞彙，而非原本的「climate change」（氣候變化）或「global warming」（全球暖化）（雖然這些術語並未禁用），以便更能夠反映科學上的共識──這是「a catastrophe for humanity」（人類的災難）。

Hundreds of cities, towns and even countries have also declared “climate emergencies” during 2019 — from Scotland in April and the UK parliament in May to Canada, France and the city of Sydney in Australia.

在二○一九年，有數百個城市、城鎮甚至國家宣布進入「氣候緊急狀態」──蘇格蘭在四月、英國議會在五月，還有加拿大、法國乃至澳洲的雪梨市。

“In 2018, climate did not feature in the top words typically used to modify emergency, instead the top types of emergencies people wrote about were health, hospital, and family emergencies,” the selection panel said. “But with climate emergency, we see something new, an extension of emergency to the global level.”

詞彙評選小組表示：「二○一八年，『climate』一字通常並不用來修飾『emergency』這個字。人們用來修飾『emergency』的字主要是「health」（健康）、「hospital」（醫院）和「family」（家庭）」。「但是『climate emergency』讓我們看到了新的東西，這是將「emergency」（緊急情況）擴大到全球範圍。」

And for those protesting that “climate emergency” is two words, as the Australian Broadcasting Corporation’s resident linguist explained in 2017, single words can consist of two parts. Such multipart constructions, like “heart attack,” “man-of-war” or the 2017 American Dialect Society word of the year “fake news,” are commonly accepted by linguists as words. “Climate emergency” beat the words “climate crisis,” “climate action,” “climate denial,” “extinction,” “flight shame,” “global heating” and “plant-based,” which were on the shortlist.

有些人提出異議說，「climate emergency」是兩個詞，但正如澳洲廣播公司的常駐語言學家在二○一七年所解釋，一個詞可以由兩個部分組成。這些由多個部分組成的詞，例如「heart attack」（心臟病發）、「man-of-war」（軍艦），或美國方言學會二○一七年度詞彙「fake news」（假新聞），都普遍被語言學家認可是單詞。「climate emergency」擊敗了入圍名單中的「climate crisis」（氣候危機）、「climate action」（氣候行動）、「climate denial」（否認氣候變化）、「extinction」（滅絕）、「flight shame」（飛行恥辱）、「global heating」（全球熱化），以及「plant-based」（植物做的）等字。

The dictionary’s word of the year is chosen to “reflect the ethos, mood, or preoccupations of the passing year” and should have “lasting potential as a term of cultural significance.” “In 2019, climate emergency surpassed all of those other types of emergency to become the most written about emergency by a huge margin, with over three times the usage frequency of health, the second-ranking word,” Oxford said. Previous choices for word of the year include “toxic” in 2018 and “youthquake” in 2017.

牛津字典選擇年度詞彙是為了「反映過去一年的思潮、情緒或關注焦點」，且該詞彙應「可能具有持久的文化意義」。牛津字典表示：「在二○一九年，『climate emergency』成為被寫下最多次的『emergency』種類，大大超過了別種『emergency』，『climate emergency』的使用頻率是排名第二的『health emergency』（健康緊急情況）的三倍以上」。過去的牛津年度詞彙包括二○一八年的「toxic」（有毒的）和二○一七年的「youthquake」（青年震盪）。

Source article: http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2019/12/03/2003726837/2

更多跟讀練習單元，就在http://www.15mins.today/daily-shadowing

用email訂閱就可以收到所有15mins.Today最新節目通知。

每日跟讀#741: Cambodia to ban elephant rides at Angkor Wat temples

柬埔寨的世界文化遺產吳哥窟每年都吸引數百萬國內外觀光客造訪，其中許多很多遊客會選擇騎大象遊覽園區，這項服務多年來一直招受批評，批評者認為利用動物大賺觀光財是相當殘酷也不人道的。面對一波波討伐聲浪，負責管理園區的吳哥暨暹羅地區保護管理局（Aspar Authority）上週五宣布，將在明年初起全面禁止吳哥窟園區騎大象遊園的服務。

Cambodia will ban elephant rides at Angkor Wat temples by early next year in response to pressure from animal groups, a spokesperson of the Aspar Authority said last week. The Angkor Wat temple complex attracts millions of tourists each year. In 2018 for instance, the number of tourists topped six million, and many of them enjoyed elephant rides around the temples, according to Agence France-Presse (AFP). Against this backdrop, animal rights groups have expressed concerns at the risk of mistreating animals.

美聯社報導，三年前，一頭在吳哥窟工作的母象，因為不堪在酷暑中長時間工作而導致心臟衰竭，最終死亡。母象的死亡在社交媒體上引起輿論撻伐，民眾更在網站change.org聯署請願管理局停止大象騎乘服務。

The death of a female elephant in 2016 of heart failure after working in extremely hot weather triggered outrage on social media. A petition was launched on change.org to ask the Aspar Authority to cease elephant riding in archeological sites, according to Associated Press.

面對群眾壓力，吳哥窟園區也在今年做出回應，承諾讓14頭在吳哥窟服務的大象在2020年全數除役。

Three years after the elephant’s death, Aspar Authority promised to stop the services and release all 14 elephants into their natural habitat by early 2020.

管理局發言人Long Kosal向法新社說道：「利用大象來營利是不適當的。」並強調許多大象都已經相當年邁。

The authority’s spokesperson, Long Kosal, told the AFP that “using elephants for business is not appropriate anymore,” adding that the elephants are already old.

Long Kosal指出，14頭在吳哥窟服務的大象中，已經有五頭被轉移到附近的保育森林，「他們會在那裡過著自然的生活」Long Kosal說道，並表示擁有這些大象的公司會持續照養牠們。

Long Kosal said five of the 14 elephants had been transported to nearby community forests. “They will live out their natural lives there,” Long Kosal told the AFP, adding that the company owning these elephants will keep looking after them.

柬埔寨媒體The Phnom Penh Post報導，Long Kosal表示，儘管園區內不會再有大象騎乘服務，遊客仍然可以到附近的保育區與大象近距離接觸並拍照。

Long Kosal added that the Aspar Authority aims to stop elephant riding in the park, but tourists can still visit their protected habitat to get a close look and take a photo with the elephants, according to The Phnom Penh Post.

用email訂閱就可以收到所有15mins.Today最新節目通知。

每日跟讀#740: Sicilian town gives away homes, cash to attract foreign families

一個義大利小鎮非常渴望吸引新居民，因此免費提供房屋。

An Italian town is so desperate to attract new residents that it is giving houses away for free.

這些房屋位於Cammarata的山腰社區，享有埃特納火山（Mount Etna）一覽無餘的景緻，並在地中

海西西里島上享有美麗的日落。

The houses are located in the mountainside community of Cammarata which boasts sweeping views of Mount Etna and gorgeous sunsets on the Mediterranean island of Sicily.

卡馬拉塔（Cammarata）歷史悠久，但人口減少，導致許多建築物空置。

Cammarata is rich in history but its dwindling population has resulted in many buildings sitting empty.

在此情況下，市長Vincenzo Giambrone發起了一項雄心勃勃的計劃，以挽救他的故鄉及其歷史。

Against this backdrop, Mayor Vincenzo Giambrone has launched an ambitious scheme to save his hometown and its historic center.

市長說服被擁有被遺棄的家庭住宅所有者將倒塌的房屋的鑰匙交給政府且願意修復它們，並吸引的新居民。

The mayor is convincing owners of abandoned family homes to hand over the keys to the crumbling buildings to new residents who are willing to fix them up and put down roots.

您可以做什麼來獲得免費住房？您必須提交翻新計劃，支付5,000歐元（新台幣170,025元）的押金，並同意在三年內翻新該物業。

What can you do to get a free house? You must submit a refurbishment proposal, pay a 5,000 euro (NT$170,025) deposit and agree to renovate the property within three years.

還有呢？裝修完成並將建築物變成家庭住所諸如民宿，商店或餐廳之類的企業後，押金將退還。

What’s more? The deposit will be returned once the renovations are complete and the building is turned into a family home or a business such as a B&B, shop or restaurant.

當局還說，優先考慮有孩子的年輕夫婦。搬入後有孩子的夫婦將獲得現金獎勵。

Authorities also said that priority is being given to young couples with children. Couples who have a baby after moving in will be given a cash bonus.

Source article: https://chinapost.nownews.com/20191103-832065

用email訂閱就可以收到所有15mins.Today最新節目通知。