通勤學英語 15Mins Today

每日跟讀#599: Viewing China through the coffee cup

 

Once acclaimed as a “Starbucks destroyer” and “superpower brand,” Chinese start-up Luckin Coffee has, within the short space of one year, opened almost as many outlets as its American rival, which entered the Chinese market nearly two decades ago. However, Luckin Coffee has, in the process of this rapid expansion, burnt through more than NT$14bn (approximately US$454m) in capital. Recently it was revealed that the company has been using the coffee machines within its stores as collateral for loans. The company has begun to be dubbed “Unlucky Luckin” with some saying the coffee chain has already reached the end of the road. Starbucks isn’t doing much better though, achieving only 1 percent growth in sales in China during the first quarter of this year — compared with the global average of 4 percent — and the company’s annual growth rate in the Americas.

 

曾被追捧為可打敗星巴克的「強國品牌」瑞幸咖啡，短短一年，據點數雖直逼進軍中國近二十年的星巴克，但燒掉逾新台幣一百四十億元資金後，近來遭踢爆拿咖啡機等設備當抵押擔保，被形容是「瑞幸不幸、山窮水盡」；而星巴克也好不到那裡去，其二○一九財政年度第一季中國銷售額僅微增百分之一，不如全球平均值與美洲的年增百分之四。

 

The US has Google and IBM, while China has created Baidu and Lenovo. However, not only has Luckin Coffee failed to supplant Starbucks, it may also become the next Ofo, a Chinese bike sharing company currently teetering on the edge of bankruptcy.

 

美國有Google、中國就該有百度，美國有IBM、中國就有聯想，但瑞幸不僅無法取代星巴克，反可能成為下一個ofo（瀕臨破產的中國共享單車品牌）。

 

If one inspects the financial numbers, Luckin Coffee appears to be China’s newest “lame unicorn.” In the third quarter of last year, the company racked up a net loss of 850m yuan. In the final quarter, it hemorrhaged a further 700m yuan. Chinese media has reported that if one disregards sales costs and focuses just on rent, wage and raw material costs, it is possible to calculate that each cup of coffee costs the company at least 10 yuan to make, while sales revenue estimates show that the company is selling coffee at an average price of only 8.3 yuan per cup. This means that the faster Luckin Coffee opens new stores and the more coffee that it sells, the greater its losses will become. If Luckin Coffee is unable to attract sufficient revenue to cover its losses, the company will eventually run out of road.

 

從財務數字來看，瑞幸已是中國新一隻跛腳的獨角獸。瑞幸去年前三季淨虧人民幣八點五億元、最後一季大虧逾人民幣七億元；依中媒報導，不計行銷成本，光店租、薪資及原材料等推算，瑞幸一杯咖啡成本至少十元，但從銷售收入估算，平均一杯僅賣八點三元，也就是瑞幸開店速度越快、賣越多，就賠越大，假如吸金趕不上失血速度，瑞幸真得要山窮水盡。

 

The US-China trade war has been rumbling on for over a year. US President Donald Trump is closing in on victory while Chinese President Xi Jinping is beating a retreat. From this coffee example, we can see that the trade war has degraded China’s consumer buying power. Chinese citizens originally began drinking fewer cups of Starbucks coffee, switching to the more affordable Luckin Coffee. As China’s investment-led bubble economy wanes, Luckin Coffee and other Chinese unicorns are falling by the wayside and are between themselves creating a vicious cycle for China’s economy.

 

美中貿易戰打了一年多，美國總統川普節節進逼、中共領導人習近平步步退守。從一杯咖啡看中國，貿易戰打到中國消費降級，少喝星巴克改買瑞幸，但資金泡沫退潮，瑞幸等獨角獸不支倒地，彼此間已形成經濟的惡性循環。

 

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每日跟讀#598: Duterte threatens ’war’ against Canada

 

Philippines President Rodrigo Duterte has threatened to "go to war" with Canada if the country doesn’t take back tons of trash a Canadian company had shipped to Manila.

 

菲律賓總統羅德里戈．杜特蒂威脅向加拿大「開戰」，如果該國不將一家加國公司運到馬尼拉的大量垃圾取回的話。

 

Duterte made threats Tuesday about dozens of shipping containers filled with Canadian household and electronic garbage that has been rotting in a port near Manila for nearly six years. More than 100 of the containers were shipped to Manila by a Canadian company in 2013 and 2014, improperly labelled as plastics for recycling.

 

杜特蒂週二對加國祭出威脅，因為裝滿加國家庭與電子垃圾的大量裝運貨櫃，在馬尼拉附近一座港口已腐爛近6年。2013至2014年，逾百個貨櫃由一家加拿大企業運至馬尼拉，被不當地標示為回收塑膠。

 

Customs inspectors in the Philippines found they actually contained non-recyclable garbage, including soiled adult diapers and kitchen trash. The Philippines has been calling on Canada for years to repatriate its trash.

 

菲律賓海關檢查員發現，這些貨櫃裡面實際上裝有不可回收的垃圾，包括髒的成人尿布及廚餘等。菲國多年來一直要求加拿大將自己的垃圾運回國內。

 

Duterte often uses bombastic statements. Earlier this month, for instance, he threatened to send his troops on a "suicide mission" if Beijing didn’t lay off a Manila-occupied island in the South China Sea.

 

杜特蒂經常使用誇大的聲明。例如，他在本月初曾威脅要派遣軍隊從事「自殺任務」，如果北京不在一座馬尼拉佔領的南海島嶼停止活動的話。

 

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每日跟讀#598: Duterte threatens ’war’ against Canada

 

Philippines President Rodrigo Duterte has threatened to "go to war" with Canada if the country doesn’t take back tons of trash a Canadian company had shipped to Manila.

 

菲律賓總統羅德里戈．杜特蒂威脅向加拿大「開戰」，如果該國不將一家加國公司運到馬尼拉的大量垃圾取回的話。

 

Duterte made threats Tuesday about dozens of shipping containers filled with Canadian household and electronic garbage that has been rotting in a port near Manila for nearly six years. More than 100 of the containers were shipped to Manila by a Canadian company in 2013 and 2014, improperly labelled as plastics for recycling.

 

杜特蒂週二對加國祭出威脅，因為裝滿加國家庭與電子垃圾的大量裝運貨櫃，在馬尼拉附近一座港口已腐爛近6年。2013至2014年，逾百個貨櫃由一家加拿大企業運至馬尼拉，被不當地標示為回收塑膠。

 

Customs inspectors in the Philippines found they actually contained non-recyclable garbage, including soiled adult diapers and kitchen trash. The Philippines has been calling on Canada for years to repatriate its trash.

 

菲律賓海關檢查員發現，這些貨櫃裡面實際上裝有不可回收的垃圾，包括髒的成人尿布及廚餘等。菲國多年來一直要求加拿大將自己的垃圾運回國內。

 

Duterte often uses bombastic statements. Earlier this month, for instance, he threatened to send his troops on a "suicide mission" if Beijing didn’t lay off a Manila-occupied island in the South China Sea.

 

杜特蒂經常使用誇大的聲明。例如，他在本月初曾威脅要派遣軍隊從事「自殺任務」，如果北京不在一座馬尼拉佔領的南海島嶼停止活動的話。

 

更多跟讀練習單元，就在http://www.15mins.today/daily-shadowing

 

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Welcome to 15mins.today the home of English Shadowing. I'm your host Gavin and this is InTense Episode 8, which is basically going to be a review episode. So in this episode we will review the tenses that we have done up till now. So I hope you are ready and let's get cracking!

 

 

Sentence Drills:

 

Does Jane send emails? Yes, she sends emails.

Does Jane send emails? No, she does not send emails.

 

Is the conference finishing on time? Yes, it is finishing on time.

Is the conference finishing on time? No, it is not finishing on time.

 

Have you attended the meeting? Yes, I have attended the meeting.

Have you attended the meeting? No, I have not attended the meeting.

 

Will Peter complete the report? Yes, he will complete the report.

Will Peter complete the report? No, he will not complete the report.

 

Did you stay at a hotel last week? Yes, I stayed at a hotel last week.

Did you stay at a hotel last week? No, I did not stay at a hotel last week.

 

Do John and Jane book the tickets? Yes, they booked the tickets.

Do John and Jane book the tickets? No, they do not book the tickets.

 

Are you visiting the museum? Yes, I am visiting the museum.

Are you visiting the museum? No, I am not visiting the museum.

 

Has Jeff rebooted the computer? Yes, he has rebooted the computer.

Has Jeff rebooted the computer? No, he has not rebooted the computer.

 

Will Anna backup the files? Yes, she will backup the files.

Will Anna backup the files? No, she will not backup the files.

 

Did you update the drivers? Yes, I updated the drivers.

Did you update the drivers? No, I did not update the drivers.

 

Do you mean that it is red? Yes, I mean that it is red.

Do you mean that it is red? No, I do not mean that it is red.

 

Well great job guys, I hope you find this useful and we will keep repeating this idea we will do a bunch of sentences and a bunch of tenses and then we will review the whole lot of them over. Well I hope you did well, don't forget keep listening, keep repeating till you get it right. Repetition is the key! Have a great day and goodbye.

 

更多跟讀練習單元，就在http://www.15mins.today

 

 

用email訂閱就可以收到所有15mins.Today最新節目通知。

Welcome to 15mins.today the home of English Shadowing. I'm your host Gavin and this is InTense Episode 8, which is basically going to be a review episode. So in this episode we will review the tenses that we have done up till now. So I hope you are ready and let's get cracking!

 

 

Sentence Drills:

 

Does Jane send emails? Yes, she sends emails.

Does Jane send emails? No, she does not send emails.

 

Is the conference finishing on time? Yes, it is finishing on time.

Is the conference finishing on time? No, it is not finishing on time.

 

Have you attended the meeting? Yes, I have attended the meeting.

Have you attended the meeting? No, I have not attended the meeting.

 

Will Peter complete the report? Yes, he will complete the report.

Will Peter complete the report? No, he will not complete the report.

 

Did you stay at a hotel last week? Yes, I stayed at a hotel last week.

Did you stay at a hotel last week? No, I did not stay at a hotel last week.

 

Do John and Jane book the tickets? Yes, they booked the tickets.

Do John and Jane book the tickets? No, they do not book the tickets.

 

Are you visiting the museum? Yes, I am visiting the museum.

Are you visiting the museum? No, I am not visiting the museum.

 

Has Jeff rebooted the computer? Yes, he has rebooted the computer.

Has Jeff rebooted the computer? No, he has not rebooted the computer.

 

Will Anna backup the files? Yes, she will backup the files.

Will Anna backup the files? No, she will not backup the files.

 

Did you update the drivers? Yes, I updated the drivers.

Did you update the drivers? No, I did not update the drivers.

 

Do you mean that it is red? Yes, I mean that it is red.

Do you mean that it is red? No, I do not mean that it is red.

 

Well great job guys, I hope you find this useful and we will keep repeating this idea we will do a bunch of sentences and a bunch of tenses and then we will review the whole lot of them over. Well I hope you did well, don't forget keep listening, keep repeating till you get it right. Repetition is the key! Have a great day and goodbye.

 

更多跟讀練習單元，就在http://www.15mins.today

 

 

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Summary: 

Home appliances have changed our lives in the age of electronics, now added with robotics and AI, two companies are going to make house chores easier for college students and overworked parents. Innovation in the laundry space is picking up steam and many companies new and established are trying to create the next-generation of laundry appliances.

Full article: https://www.15mins.today/blog/563-take-a-load-off-the-robots-that-fold-laundry-are-coming

Vocabulary and Sentences:

 

Laundry n. clothes that need to be washed

Most people have to do laundry once or twice a week.

Most people hate doing their laundry.

Taiwan as a country is working hard towards anti-money laundering practices.

Refrigerator/fridge n. appliance to keep food cold

At the Fang household, we love Hitachi refrigerators.

Clothes line / washing line n. 

At home, we got rid of our clothesline because we got a washer-dryer combo machine.

 

Detergent n. cleansing agent for cleaning

When you wash your clothes, remember to put in your detergent.

 

更多跟讀練習單元，就在http://www.15mins.today

用email訂閱就可以收到所有15mins.Today最新節目通知。

Summary: 

Home appliances have changed our lives in the age of electronics, now added with robotics and AI, two companies are going to make house chores easier for college students and overworked parents. Innovation in the laundry space is picking up steam and many companies new and established are trying to create the next-generation of laundry appliances.

Full article: https://www.15mins.today/blog/563-take-a-load-off-the-robots-that-fold-laundry-are-coming

Vocabulary and Sentences:

 

Laundry n. clothes that need to be washed

Most people have to do laundry once or twice a week.

Most people hate doing their laundry.

Taiwan as a country is working hard towards anti-money laundering practices.

Refrigerator/fridge n. appliance to keep food cold

At the Fang household, we love Hitachi refrigerators.

Clothes line / washing line n. 

At home, we got rid of our clothesline because we got a washer-dryer combo machine.

 

Detergent n. cleansing agent for cleaning

When you wash your clothes, remember to put in your detergent.

 

更多跟讀練習單元，就在http://www.15mins.today

用email訂閱就可以收到所有15mins.Today最新節目通知。

每日跟讀#597: In a Close-Up View, The Making of a Mogul

 

A user of Quora, a question-and-answer website, recently posed the question: “How can I be as great as Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, Richard Branson?”

 

問答網站Quora一名用戶最近提問：「我如何才能像比爾．蓋茲、史帝夫．賈伯斯、伊隆．馬斯克和理查．布蘭森一樣偉大？」

 

An unlikely individual responded, quietly offering some telling insights that have created a bit of a stir among the mogul-cognoscenti and beyond.

 

一個意想不到的人回答了，靜靜提供一些有用的見解，在大人物間激起一些騷動。

 

The individual is Mr. Musk’s former wife, Justine Musk, who was married to the Tesla and Space X chief from 2000 to 2008.

 

這個人是馬斯克的前妻，嘉斯汀．馬斯克，她和這位特斯拉及Space X老闆2000至2008年間有婚姻關係。

 

Ms. Musk, an author, had a ringside view of one of the world’s most successful entrepreneurs and businessmen.

 

馬斯克女士是位作家，對這位全世界最成功的創業家及生意人之一，有近距離的觀察。

 

“Extreme success results from an extreme personality and comes at the cost of many other things,” Ms. Musk wrote. “Extreme success is different from what I suppose you could just consider ‘success.’ These people tend to be freaks and misfits who were forced to experience the world in an unusually challenging way,” she added, noting, “Other people consider them to be somewhat insane.”

 

馬斯克女士寫道：「極度的成功來自一種極端的個性，且要在許多方面付出代價。極度的成功和我覺得你以為的一般『成功』不同。這些人往往是怪胎且不適應社會，被迫以一種極具挑戰性的方式探索這個世界。」她補充說：「其他人認為他們在某種程度上是瘋了。」

 

She boiled down the one ingredient for extreme success: “Be obsessed. Be obsessed. Be obsessed.”

 

她歸結出極度成功的唯一元素：「沉迷，沉迷，沉迷。」

 

But Ms. Musk wasn’t being critical. “Extreme people combine brilliance and talent with an *insane* work ethic,” she wrote, “so if the work itself doesn’t drive you, you will burn out or fall by the wayside or your extreme competitors will crush you and make you cry.”

 

但馬斯克女士言下之意不在批評。她寫道：「極端之人集才能與天資於一身，加上瘋狂的工作精神，所以假使工作無法讓你有動力，你將會燃燒殆盡或倒在路旁，或是你的極端競爭者將擊垮你，讓你哭泣。」

 

Money is not the first aim, but a byproduct of their maniacal focus. “Shift your focus away from what you want (a billion dollars) and get deeply, intensely curious about what the world wants and needs,” Ms. Musk wrote. “It helps to have an ego, but you must be in service to something bigger if you are to inspire the people you need to help you.”

 

金錢不是首要目標，而是他們瘋狂專注的副產品。馬斯克女士寫道：「把你的焦點從你想要的（十億美元）移開，對這個世界想要的和需要的感到深切及強烈的好奇。自我感會有幫助，但若想喚起需要的人來幫你，你必須為更大的目標服務。」

 

In another post, she did address how money – billionaire money – is thought about. “Money is rarely just money,” she wrote. “Sometimes it stands in for love or self-esteem or freedom or a sense of control over your destiny (especially if you lacked these things in childhood).”

 

在另一篇發文中，她確實說明了金錢－億萬富翁的錢－被如何看待。她說：「錢不只是錢，有時它代表愛或自尊或自由或掌握自己命運的感覺（特別是對童年缺乏這些的人）。」

 

“Sometimes it is a way of controlling others, including family members, because you don’t know how to connect to them in any other way,” she added. “Money can also serve as a scorecard to indicate how well you are doing, the impact you are having, if you are winning. Sometimes it’s not so much the money that matters, but the win is everything – particularly when you are invested heart and soul in your mission."

 

「有時這是種控制人的方法，包括家人，因為你不知如何用其他方法和他們產生聯繫。」她補充道：「錢也可以當成計分板，顯示你過得多好，多有影響力，你是不是贏家。有時錢並沒有那麼重要，但贏就是一切－特別是當你全力投注在你的使命上時。」

 

Ms. Musk said the reaction to her posting was a surprise: “I had no idea it would blow up the way it did.” She has received hundreds of comments and many emails.

 

馬斯克女士說，貼文引起的回應令她驚訝，「我不知道它會引發這麼大的迴響。」她收到數以百計的回應和許多電子郵件。

 

She insisted that “I wasn’t specifically talking about Elon” and said she was “uneasy” that people might be reading too much into her words. Still, she said that “Elon is a fascinating character.”

 

她堅稱「我沒有特別針對伊隆」，且表示對人們或許過度解讀她的文字「感到不安」。不過她仍然說：「伊隆是個迷人的人。」

 

Ms. Musk called herself a “watcher,” not an “insider,” saying, “I’ve been on the edge of it for a long time.”

 

馬斯克女士自稱是「觀察者」而非「局內人」，她說：「我曾長期處於邊緣地帶。」

 

One email she received asked, “Does Elon have any hobbies?”

 

有封電郵問她：「伊隆有任何嗜好嗎？」

 

No, she said. His job is his hobby.

 

她說沒有。工作就是他的嗜好。

 

“The nature of these things is so all consuming. Unless you see that up close it is hard to understand,” she said, adding that “ ‘obsession’ has a bad rap.”

 

她說：「這些事的本質皆如此耗神，除非你能靠得夠近觀看，否則很難了解。」她補充說：「沉迷是個折磨人的壞毛病。」

 

And what does Mr. Musk think about his former wife’s reflections? According to Ms. Musk, she got an email from him: “Well said,” he wrote.

 

馬斯克先生如何看待前妻的反思？馬斯克女士說，她收到他寄來的一封電郵，寫道：「說得很好。」

 

Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/278632/web/

 

更多跟讀練習單元，就在http://www.15mins.today/daily-shadowing

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每日跟讀#597: In a Close-Up View, The Making of a Mogul

 

A user of Quora, a question-and-answer website, recently posed the question: “How can I be as great as Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, Richard Branson?”

 

問答網站Quora一名用戶最近提問：「我如何才能像比爾．蓋茲、史帝夫．賈伯斯、伊隆．馬斯克和理查．布蘭森一樣偉大？」

 

An unlikely individual responded, quietly offering some telling insights that have created a bit of a stir among the mogul-cognoscenti and beyond.

 

一個意想不到的人回答了，靜靜提供一些有用的見解，在大人物間激起一些騷動。

 

The individual is Mr. Musk’s former wife, Justine Musk, who was married to the Tesla and Space X chief from 2000 to 2008.

 

這個人是馬斯克的前妻，嘉斯汀．馬斯克，她和這位特斯拉及Space X老闆2000至2008年間有婚姻關係。

 

Ms. Musk, an author, had a ringside view of one of the world’s most successful entrepreneurs and businessmen.

 

馬斯克女士是位作家，對這位全世界最成功的創業家及生意人之一，有近距離的觀察。

 

“Extreme success results from an extreme personality and comes at the cost of many other things,” Ms. Musk wrote. “Extreme success is different from what I suppose you could just consider ‘success.’ These people tend to be freaks and misfits who were forced to experience the world in an unusually challenging way,” she added, noting, “Other people consider them to be somewhat insane.”

 

馬斯克女士寫道：「極度的成功來自一種極端的個性，且要在許多方面付出代價。極度的成功和我覺得你以為的一般『成功』不同。這些人往往是怪胎且不適應社會，被迫以一種極具挑戰性的方式探索這個世界。」她補充說：「其他人認為他們在某種程度上是瘋了。」

 

She boiled down the one ingredient for extreme success: “Be obsessed. Be obsessed. Be obsessed.”

 

她歸結出極度成功的唯一元素：「沉迷，沉迷，沉迷。」

 

But Ms. Musk wasn’t being critical. “Extreme people combine brilliance and talent with an *insane* work ethic,” she wrote, “so if the work itself doesn’t drive you, you will burn out or fall by the wayside or your extreme competitors will crush you and make you cry.”

 

但馬斯克女士言下之意不在批評。她寫道：「極端之人集才能與天資於一身，加上瘋狂的工作精神，所以假使工作無法讓你有動力，你將會燃燒殆盡或倒在路旁，或是你的極端競爭者將擊垮你，讓你哭泣。」

 

Money is not the first aim, but a byproduct of their maniacal focus. “Shift your focus away from what you want (a billion dollars) and get deeply, intensely curious about what the world wants and needs,” Ms. Musk wrote. “It helps to have an ego, but you must be in service to something bigger if you are to inspire the people you need to help you.”

 

金錢不是首要目標，而是他們瘋狂專注的副產品。馬斯克女士寫道：「把你的焦點從你想要的（十億美元）移開，對這個世界想要的和需要的感到深切及強烈的好奇。自我感會有幫助，但若想喚起需要的人來幫你，你必須為更大的目標服務。」

 

In another post, she did address how money – billionaire money – is thought about. “Money is rarely just money,” she wrote. “Sometimes it stands in for love or self-esteem or freedom or a sense of control over your destiny (especially if you lacked these things in childhood).”

 

在另一篇發文中，她確實說明了金錢－億萬富翁的錢－被如何看待。她說：「錢不只是錢，有時它代表愛或自尊或自由或掌握自己命運的感覺（特別是對童年缺乏這些的人）。」

 

“Sometimes it is a way of controlling others, including family members, because you don’t know how to connect to them in any other way,” she added. “Money can also serve as a scorecard to indicate how well you are doing, the impact you are having, if you are winning. Sometimes it’s not so much the money that matters, but the win is everything – particularly when you are invested heart and soul in your mission."

 

「有時這是種控制人的方法，包括家人，因為你不知如何用其他方法和他們產生聯繫。」她補充道：「錢也可以當成計分板，顯示你過得多好，多有影響力，你是不是贏家。有時錢並沒有那麼重要，但贏就是一切－特別是當你全力投注在你的使命上時。」

 

Ms. Musk said the reaction to her posting was a surprise: “I had no idea it would blow up the way it did.” She has received hundreds of comments and many emails.

 

馬斯克女士說，貼文引起的回應令她驚訝，「我不知道它會引發這麼大的迴響。」她收到數以百計的回應和許多電子郵件。

 

She insisted that “I wasn’t specifically talking about Elon” and said she was “uneasy” that people might be reading too much into her words. Still, she said that “Elon is a fascinating character.”

 

她堅稱「我沒有特別針對伊隆」，且表示對人們或許過度解讀她的文字「感到不安」。不過她仍然說：「伊隆是個迷人的人。」

 

Ms. Musk called herself a “watcher,” not an “insider,” saying, “I’ve been on the edge of it for a long time.”

 

馬斯克女士自稱是「觀察者」而非「局內人」，她說：「我曾長期處於邊緣地帶。」

 

One email she received asked, “Does Elon have any hobbies?”

 

有封電郵問她：「伊隆有任何嗜好嗎？」

 

No, she said. His job is his hobby.

 

她說沒有。工作就是他的嗜好。

 

“The nature of these things is so all consuming. Unless you see that up close it is hard to understand,” she said, adding that “ ‘obsession’ has a bad rap.”

 

她說：「這些事的本質皆如此耗神，除非你能靠得夠近觀看，否則很難了解。」她補充說：「沉迷是個折磨人的壞毛病。」

 

And what does Mr. Musk think about his former wife’s reflections? According to Ms. Musk, she got an email from him: “Well said,” he wrote.

 

馬斯克先生如何看待前妻的反思？馬斯克女士說，她收到他寄來的一封電郵，寫道：「說得很好。」

 

Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/278632/web/

 

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每日跟讀#596: Can You Learn Anything While You Sleep?

 

Is sleep learning possible? The answer is yes and no, depending on what we mean by "learning."

 

睡眠學習法可行嗎？答案可以是肯定的，也可以是否定的，取決於你怎麼定義「學習」。

 

Absorbing complex information or picking up a new skill from scratch by, say, listening to an audio recording during sleep is almost certainly impossible. But research shows that the sleeping brain is far from idle and that some forms of learning can happen.

 

睡覺時透過聽錄音來吸收複雜的資訊或從頭開展一項新技能，幾乎確定不可能成功。但研究顯示，睡眠期間的大腦並未空轉，可以產生某些形式的學習。

 

The first study to demonstrate a memory and learning benefit from sleep was published in 1914 by German psychologist Rosa Heine. She found that learning new material in the evening before sleep results in better recall compared to learning during the day.

 

德國心理學家羅莎．海涅在1914年發表第一項證明睡眠有益記憶和學習的研究。她發現，相較於在白天學習，在晚上睡前學新東西能記得更好。

 

In recent years, multiple studies have found that a basic form of learning, called conditioning, can happen during sleep. In a 2012 study published in the journal Nature Neuroscience, Israeli researchers found that people can learn to associate sounds with odors during sleep.

 

近幾年，已有多項研究發現，睡眠期間能發生被稱為「制約作用」的基本學習形式。以色列研究團隊2012年發表在《自然神經科學雜誌》期刊的研究發現，人們可以在睡覺時學會將聲音與氣味相連結。

 

Although the memory was implicit, it could affect the people’s behavior, researchers found in a 2014 study published in the Journal of Neuroscience.

 

研究人員2014年發表於《神經科學期刊》的研究指出，雖然這類記憶是隱性的，但也能影響人們的行為。

 

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