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Hi, everyone and welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】. Hi, 安澜



Hi Lulu, hi everyone.



So can I propose a topic？



It depends on the topic.



I kind of got into historical drama or period drama like British TV show. 就是英国这种历史、什么宫廷剧.



Ok.



I thought it’s interesting, lots of plotting, lots of gossip.



Yes.



But, as you know, my history sucks.



It is pretty bad, your history.



So all of these dynasties, all of these royal families, royal houses, these really confused me, I thought, can we talk about royal houses, dynasties in England？



Yeah, of course. So similar to china, we calculate history by dynasties or royal houses.



所以你们也有这种概念, 什么我们的唐宋元明清, 然后你们也是按照chronological编年的顺序, can't wait for you to walk me through some of the famous and most important... do you call it dynasties or royal houses？



I would say we call them royal houses.



So there are six of the most famous and important houses. House number one, the Normans, 1066-1144.



诺曼王朝, the Norman, I thought they came from France. Is that right？



They came from Normandy. They were originally vikings that's settled in Normandy. And the first king was William the Conqueror. He came from Normandy, he defeated the Anglo-Saxon King Harold at the Battle of Hasting in 1066. William I or William the Conqueror was not a particularly nice person and he just wanted to get as much money as possible. What he did was he ordered the Domesday Book to be created.





Now the Domesday Book was an inventory of everything and everyone in England. It was essentially the first census.



相当于第一次人口普查, 所有人都登个记，所有东西都登个记.



It sounds rather boring. But in many cities, many villages it's the first mention in the historical record. And this is where many places in the UK their history starts from the Domesday Book.



How long did he rule？He ruled, you said to 1144?



Not him personally. He had a couple of children, but it ended during what is known as the anarchy when there was fighting between Matilda who was one of the daughters of the King and her cousin Stephen.



Can I just ask, ... dynasties how it works？Is it just one royal house can hold the power can control the country, then they will just rule.



Yes.



They are usually replaced because they were defeated and chased away or killed.



Well, yes. In the early history. But in many cases, particularly more modern history is because there's no heir, so it goes to another Royal House.



所以更近的历史干脆没有人,后继无人了, 只能是到另外一个 Royal House. I see.



So that leads us now to our next Royal House, the Plantagenets.



The Plantagenet.



这个词非常罕见, 就专门我只在英国历史里面见过叫做金雀花王朝. Plantagenet, is that the name of a flower？



It's a French name of a flower. It's old French. I see. Now the reason why they have a French name is because this Royal House actually ruled huge parts of France, and they were essentially French in the outlook. The most famous King of this period was Richard, the Lion Heart.



狮心王。



Who went on the Crusades and fought for Jerusalem.



就圣战, the religious Crusade.



He was a particularly bad king. He didn't actually like England. And according to the stories, he didn't actually really speak any English.



I think it was not the only time in European history where a Royal House that doesn't really speak the local language ruled the local people.



It does happen quite a lot, but his brother, King John.



Now that is an interesting character. He was famously bad, wicked, unpopular. And he was so unpopular, he actually led to the Magna Carta being signed.



大宪章 。Why？



Because his Nobles were so angry with him that they wanted him to sign the Magna Carta to guarantee their rights. But King John didn't really think much of this and he probably ignored it and they carried on fighting.



I see.



Now the Plantagenets