The social media site X has blocked some searches for Taylor Swift in reaction to an online spread of pornographic deepfake images of the singer.

社交媒体网站 X 屏蔽了泰勒·斯威夫特 (Taylor Swift) 的一些搜索，以应对网上传播泰勒·斯威夫特 (Taylor Swift) 的色情深度伪造图片的情况。

A “deepfake” is an image, sound recording, or video created to make it appear that people in it are saying or doing things that they did not say or do.

“深度伪造”是一种图像、录音或视频，其目的是让其中的人看起来在说或做他们没有说过或做过的事情。

Attempts to search for her name without quotation marks on the site Monday resulted in a failuremessage. It asked users to retry their search. “Don’t fret — it’s not your fault,” also appeared.

周一试图在网站上搜索不带引号的她的名字，结果出现一条失败消息。 它要求用户重试搜索。 “别担心——这不是你的错，”还出现了。

However, putting quotation marks around her name permitted posts to show where her name appeared.

然而，在她的名字两边加上引号可以让帖子显示她的名字出现的位置。

The images of Swift began spreading widely on X last week. She is now the most famous victim of a danger that technology companies and anti-abuse groups have struggled to fix.

斯威夫特的图片上周开始在 X 上广泛传播。 她现在是科技公司和反滥用组织一直在努力解决的危险中最著名的受害者。

“This is a temporary action and done with an abundance of caution as we prioritize safety on this issue,” Joe Benarroch, head of business operations at X, said in a statement.

X 业务运营主管 Joe Benarroch 在一份声明中表示：“这是一项临时行动，我们会非常谨慎地采取行动，因为我们在这个问题上优先考虑安全。”

After the images began spreading, the singer’s loyal fan base, called “Swifties,” quickly came to her defense. They launched a protective movement and flooded the site with more positive images of the singer. They used the hashtag #ProtectTaylorSwift on their posts. Some said they were reporting accounts that were sharing the deepfakes.

这些照片开始传播后，这位歌手的忠实粉丝群“Swifties”很快就为她辩护。 他们发起了一场保护运动，并在网站上发布了更多这位歌手的正面图片。 他们在帖子上使用了#ProtectTaylorSwift 标签。 一些人表示，他们正在举报分享深度假货的账户。

The deepfake-search group Reality Defender said it followed many posts of pornographic material of Swift. Many of the posts were found on X, formerly known as Twitter. Some images also made their way to Facebook and other social media sites.

深度造假搜索组织 Reality Defender 表示，它关注了斯威夫特的许多色情材料帖子。 许多帖子都是在 X（以前称为 Twitter）上找到的。 一些图片还出现在 Facebook 和其他社交媒体网站上。

The researchers found at least 20 different images created by artificial intelligence (AI).

研究人员发现了至少 20 张由人工智能 (AI) 创建的不同图像。

Researchers have said the number of pornographic deepfakes has grown in the past few years. The increase continues as the technology used to produce such images has become more available and easier to use.

研究人员表示，过去几年，色情深度伪造的数量有所增加。 随着用于生成此类图像的技术变得更加可用且更易于使用，这种增长仍在继续。

In 2019, a report released by the AI company DeepTrace Labs showed these images were mainly weaponized against women. Most of the victims, it said, were Hollywood actors and South Korean singers.

2019年，人工智能公司DeepTrace Labs发布的一份报告显示，这些图像主要针对女性。 据称，大多数受害者是好莱坞演员和韩国歌手。

Japan’s space agency says a spacecraft that landed on the moon earlier this month has regained power and is continuing its mission.

日本宇宙航空研究开发机构表示，本月早些时候登陆月球的航天器已恢复动力并继续执行任务。

Officials from the Japan Exploration Agency (JAXA) said Monday they had successfully reestablished communication with the SLIM moon explorer.

日本研究开发机构 (JAXA) 的官员周一表示，他们已成功与 SLIM 月球探测器重新建立了联系。

SLIM touched down on the moon on January 20. But the spacecraft landed the wrong way up. Its solar equipment was unable to see the sun. JAXA said SLIM was likely able to regain power because of a change in the sun’s direction.

SLIM 于 1 月 20 日登陆月球。但飞船着陆方向错误。 它的太阳能设备看不到太阳。 JAXA表示，由于太阳方向的变化，SLIM很可能能够重新获得电力。

After the landing, JAXA used the spacecraft’s battery power to gather as much data as possible about the touchdown and the surrounding area. The power was then turned off to wait for the sun to rise higher in the lunar sky.

着陆后，日本宇宙航空研究开发机构利用航天器的电池电源收集尽可能多的有关着陆和周围区域的数据。 然后关闭电源，等待太阳在月球天空中升得更高。

Mission officials have said the explorer landed within 55 meters of its target near the lunar equator. It also landed in between two craters in an area covered in volcanic rock. JAXA said these results demonstrated progress in what it calls “pinpoint” landing technology.

任务官员表示，探测器在月球赤道附近着陆，距离目标不到 55 米。 它还降落在火山岩覆盖的区域的两个陨石坑之间。 JAXA表示，这些结果证明了所谓的“精确”着陆技术的进展。

Past moon missions generally aimed to hit flat areas at least 10 kilometers wide. But the ability to land on very exact targets is expected to help support future space vehicles traveling to the moon and other places.

过去的月球任务通常旨在撞击至少 10 公里宽的平坦区域。 但降落在非常精确的目标上的能力预计将有助于支持未来前往月球和其他地方的太空飞行器。

The main purpose of the mission was to test the possibility that spacecraft can land on very specific targets. But SLIM is also capturing images and released two small explorers. The explorers are designed to examine mineral-rich rocks and collect data on the moon’s development.

此次任务的主要目的是测试航天器降落在特定目标上的可能性。 但SLIM也在捕捉图像并释放了两个小型探索者。 这些探测器的目的是检查富含矿物质的岩石并收集有关月球发展的数据。

JAXA has not named a specific date for when SLIM will end its operations on the moon. But the agency has said in the past that the lander was not designed to survive a lunar night. The next lunar night begins on Thursday.

JAXA 尚未指定 SLIM 结束月球运行的具体日期。 但该机构过去曾表示，着陆器的设计不能适应月球之夜。 下一个阴历之夜从星期四开始。

The mission made Japan the fifth country in the world to successfully land on the surface of the moon, after the United States, the Soviet Union, China and India.

这次任务使日本成为继美国、苏联、中国和印度之后世界上第五个成功登陆月球表面的国家。

Gene treatments are being credited with permitting several children born with deafness to hear again.

基因治疗被认为使一些先天性耳聋的儿童能够再次听到声音。

Gene therapy is a medical treatment that aims to change a few of a patient’s genes to cure a genetic disease.

基因疗法是一种旨在改变患者的一些基因以治愈遗传性疾病的医疗方法。

A small study recently published in The Lancet reported improvements in the hearing in five of six children who were treated in China.

《柳叶刀》最近发表的一项小型研究报告称，在中国接受治疗的六名儿童中，有五名的听力得到了改善。

Around the same time, the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia in the U.S. eastern state of Pennsylvania announced similar improvements in an 11-year-old boy treated there. And earlier, Chinese researchers published a study showing similar improvements in two other children.

大约在同一时间，美国东部宾夕法尼亚州费城儿童医院宣布，该医院治疗的一名 11 岁男孩也出现了类似的症状。 早些时候，中国研究人员发表的一项研究显示，另外两名儿童也有类似的改善。

The experimental methods, or therapies, target only one rare condition. But scientists say similar treatments could someday help many more children with other kinds of deafness caused by genes.

实验方法或疗法仅针对一种罕见的情况。 但科学家表示，类似的治疗有一天可以帮助更多患有由基因引起的其他类型耳聋的儿童。

Around the world, 34 million children have deafness or hearing loss. And information from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says genes are responsible for up to 60 percent of cases.

全世界有 3400 万儿童耳聋或听力损失。 美国疾病控制与预防中心的信息显示，高达 60% 的病例是由基因造成的。

Deafness caused by genes is passed down from parents to children. It is called hereditary deafness. It is the latest condition scientists are targeting with gene therapy. Gene therapy is already approved to treat illnesses such as sickle cell disease and severe hemophilia.

由基因引起的耳聋会从父母遗传给孩子。 这被称为遗传性耳聋。 这是科学家们通过基因疗法针对的最新病症。 基因疗法已被批准用于治疗镰状细胞病和严重血友病等疾病。

Children with hereditary deafness often get a device called a cochlear implant that helps them hear sound.

患有遗传性耳聋的儿童通常会使用一种称为人工耳蜗的装置来帮助他们听到声音。

“No treatment could reverse hearing loss…That’s why we were always trying to develop a therapy,” said Zheng-Yi Chen of Boston’s Mass Eye and Ear, a treatment center for eye and ear problems. He is a writer of the study published in The Lancet. “We couldn’t be more happy or excited about the results.”

“没有任何治疗方法可以逆转听力损失……这就是为什么我们一直在努力开发一种治疗方法，”波士顿眼耳问题治疗中心的陈正毅说。 他是发表在《柳叶刀》上的研究报告的作者。 “我们对结果感到非常高兴或兴奋。”

A large U.S. study found no evidence that taking Ozempic or Wegovy is tied to an increase in suicidal thoughts, researchers reported recently.

研究人员最近报告称，美国的一项大型研究发现，没有证据表明服用 Ozempic 或 Wegovy 与自杀念头增加有关。

Both Ozempic for type 2 diabetes and the obesity treatment Wegovy have the same active ingredient, semaglutide.

用于治疗 2 型糖尿病的 Ozempic 和治疗肥胖症的 Wegovy 都具有相同的活性成分：索马鲁肽。

The analysis included electronic medical record data from more than 1.8 million patients. Researchers actually found a lower risk of new and recurring suicidal thoughts in those taking semaglutide compared to those using other medications for weight loss or diabetes.

该分析包括超过 180 万名患者的电子病历数据。 研究人员实际上发现，与使用其他减肥或糖尿病药物的患者相比，服用索马鲁肽的患者出现新的和反复自杀想法的风险较低。

Semaglutide belongs to a class of drugs known as GLP-1 agonists, which were designed to treat type 2 diabetes. In addition to helping control blood sugar levels, the drugs produce a feeling of fullness.

索马鲁肽属于一类被称为 GLP-1 激动剂的药物，旨在治疗 2 型糖尿病。 除了帮助控制血糖水平外，这些药物还能产生饱腹感。

Concerns over reports of suicidal ideation connected with semaglutide led to an investigation by the European Medicines Agency. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has listed suicidal ideation as a possible safety concern for GLP-1 drugs.

由于对与索马鲁肽有关的自杀意念报道的担忧，欧洲药品管理局展开了调查。 美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 已将自杀意念列为 GLP-1 药物可能存在的安全问题。

A Reuters examination last year found that the FDA had received 265 reports of suicidal thoughts or behavior in patients taking semaglutide or similar medicines since 2010. Thirty-six of those reports describe a death by suicide or suspected suicide.

路透社去年的一项调查发现，自 2010 年以来，FDA 已收到 265 份关于服用索马鲁肽或类似药物的患者出现自杀想法或行为的报告。其中 36 份报告描述了自杀或疑似自杀死亡的情况。

Such events do not prove a connection between a drug and a side effect. But they can signal to officials a need to study a specific risk.

此类事件并不能证明药物与副作用之间存在联系。 但他们可以向官员发出信号，要求他们研究特定的风险。

The study appeared online in the journal Nature. It was funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health. The researchers examined data on 240,258 U.S. patients prescribed Wegovy or other medications for weight loss and nearly 1.6 million with type 2 diabetes prescribed Ozempic or other treatments.

该研究在线发表在《自然》杂志上。 它由美国国立卫生研究院资助。 研究人员检查了 240,258 名美国患者服用 Wegovy 或其他减肥药物以及近 160 万 2 型糖尿病患者服用 Ozempic 或其他治疗药物的数据。

Researchers compared nearly 53,000 Wegovy patients to the same number of closely matched users of other weight-loss drugs.

研究人员将近 53,000 名 Wegovy 患者与同等数量的其他减肥药使用者进行了比较。

They found that during the first six months of use, first-time suicidal thoughts were reported by 0.11 percent of Wegovy users. That is compared to 0.43 percent of users of other drugs that do not belong to the same class as semaglutide.

他们发现，在使用 Wegovy 的前六个月内，0.11% 的 Wegovy 用户报告了首次自杀念头。 相比之下，使用与索马鲁肽不属于同一类别的其他药物的比例为 0.43%。

After taking other risk factors into consideration, the risk of first-time suicidal thoughts was 73 percent lower with Wegovy, the researchers said.

研究人员表示，在考虑其他风险因素后，使用 Wegovy 后首次自杀念头的风险降低了 73%。

No patient in the Wegovy group reported a suicide attempt, compared to 14 users of the other drugs, the report said.

报告称，与其他药物的 14 名使用者相比，Wegovy 组中没有患者报告有自杀企图。

Among patients with a history of suicidal thoughts, the risk of recurring suicidal thoughts was 56 percent lower with Wegovy than other weight-loss medicines.

在有自杀念头史的患者中，使用 Wegovy 后再次出现自杀念头的风险比其他减肥药物低 56%。

Similar patterns were seen for use of Ozempic compared with other diabetes drugs.

与其他糖尿病药物相比，Ozempic 的使用也出现了类似的情况。

The findings were consistent no matter the patients’ sex, age, or ethnicity for both semaglutide types, the researchers found.

研究人员发现，无论患者的性别、年龄或种族如何，两种索马鲁肽类型的研究结果都是一致的。

Such a study cannot prove that GLP-1 agonists do not increase the risk of suicidal ideation. But the findings may reduce concerns.

此类研究无法证明 GLP-1 激动剂不会增加自杀意念的风险。 但研究结果可能会减少担忧。

The researchers were unable to assess the statistical significance of differences in actual suicide attempts. The researchers noted that suicide attempts are "critically different from suicidal ideations."

研究人员无法评估实际自杀企图差异的统计显着性。 研究人员指出，自杀企图“与自杀意念截然不同”。

Pamela Davis is a professor at Case Western Reserve School of Medicine in Ohio. She was one of the writers of the study. She said the growth in popularity of Ozempic makes it very important “to understand all its potential complications.”

帕梅拉·戴维斯是俄亥俄州凯斯西储医学院的教授。 她是该研究的作者之一。 她说，Ozempic 越来越受欢迎，因此“了解其所有潜在并发症”变得非常重要。

Suggestions that the drug may cause suicidal thoughts are not supported by “this very large and diverse population in the U.S.,” Davis added.

戴维斯补充说，“美国人口众多且多样化”并不支持这种药物可能导致自杀念头的说法。

The researchers from Sorbonne Paris Nord University say they were surprised by how efficient and reliable the ants were in sniffing out cancer. 70 ants belonging to the species known as Formica fusca were exposed to urine samples from mice with and without cancerous cells.

来自巴黎第十三大学（又称 “索邦-巴黎北大学”）的研究人员表示，他们对蚂蚁能如此高效并可靠地 “嗅出” 癌症感到惊讶。70只属于 “丝光褐林蚁” 品种的蚂蚁接触了来自有癌细胞和无癌细胞的老鼠的尿液样本。

The study showed they were quickly able to tell the difference between the urine odour of healthy mice and that of tumour-bearing mice, because they'd learnt to associate the smell with a treat.

研究显示，这些蚂蚁很快就能分辨出健康老鼠和带肿瘤老鼠的尿液气味之间的区别，因为它们学会了将尿液中癌细胞的气味与甜味食物联系起来。

Scientists now want to see if the insects can do the same for humans. They say ants are a good option because they learn fast and are not expensive to keep.

科学家们现在想研究蚂蚁能否通过人类尿液中的气味变化识别癌症。他们说，蚂蚁是一个很好的选择，因为它们学习速度快，饲养成本也不高。

词汇表

sniffing out 嗅出，闻出
exposed 使暴露，使接触
urine 尿液
cancerous 癌的，癌症的
tumour-bearing 带肿瘤的
associate 将（两种事物）联系起来

Rob  Finn? …Hello Finn?

芬恩?...你好芬恩？

Finn Oh sorry Rob, you caught me napping. It's that time of day when I need to nod off – or in other words, fall asleep.

芬恩: 哦，对不起，罗布，你发现我在打瞌睡。 一天中的这个时候我需要打瞌睡，或者换句话说，需要入睡。

Rob Well, sleeping on the job – or sleeping at work - is no bad thing – and I hope today's programme will wake you up to the idea that sleeping in the workplace might be a good thing.

罗布: 好吧，在工作中睡觉——或者说在工作中睡觉——并不是坏事——我希望今天的节目能让你意识到，在工作场所睡觉可能是一件好事。

Finn Oh really! That's good to hear. I would have thought that sleeping at work was against the rules.

芬恩: 哦真的吗！ 听起来还不错。 我本以为在工作时睡觉是违反规定的。

Rob: Not in every office, Finn, and I'll tell you why soon as well as explaining some sleep-related vocabulary. But now you're wide awake, how about a question?

罗布: 芬恩，并非每个办公室都如此，我会尽快告诉你原因，并解释一些与睡眠相关的词汇。 但现在你已经完全清醒了，有个问题怎么样？

Finn OK, let's hear it.

芬恩：好，让我们来听一下。

Rob When the former British Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, was in power, she did her job with very little sleep. Do you know how many hours of sleep she is said to have had each night?

罗布: 当英国前首相玛格丽特·撒切尔掌权时，她几乎不睡觉就完成工作。 你知道她每晚睡几个小时吗？

a)    Three hours 三小时

b)    Four hours 四小时

c)    Five hours 五小时

Finn I always thought she got by, she managed her job, with just four hours of sleep a night.

芬恩: 我一直以为她能过得很好，她能完成自己的工作，每晚只睡四个小时。

Rob Not much, is it? We'll find out if you are right or wrong later. I'm not sure if she chose not to sleep for long or she just wasn't able to sleep for long. Someone who can't sleep is called an insomniac.  

罗布: 不多，是吗？ 我们稍后会知道你是对还是错。 我不确定她是否选择不睡太久，或者她只是无法睡太久。 无法入睡的人被称为失眠症患者。

Finn And I'm certainly not an insomniac. I enjoy sleeping all night and some of the day too. And Rob, you said napping during the day is a good thing?

芬恩: 我当然不是一个失眠症患者。 我喜欢整夜睡觉，白天也喜欢睡觉。 罗布，你说白天小睡是件好事吗？

Rob It's always nice to have a short sleep – or what I call 40 winks – during the day, but when you're at work this can be a problem.  In some companies, like Google and the Huffington Post, workplace naps are positively encouraged. They're seen as a way to make staff more productive.

罗布: 白天短暂的睡眠（或者我所说的 40 次眨眼）总是好的，但当你在工作时，这可能会成为一个问题。 在谷歌和《赫芬顿邮报》等一些公司，积极鼓励在工作场所小睡。 它们被视为提高员工工作效率的一种方式。

Finn So you mean they work harder and are more creative because a power-nap – a quick sleep – makes workers feel refreshed and more alert. I like the sound of this!

芬恩: 所以你的意思是说，他们工作更努力，更有创造力，因为小睡——快速睡眠——让员工感到精神焕发、更加警觉。 我喜欢这个声音！

Rob An Australian health writer called Thea O'Connor, is a founder of a campaign called Nap Now which is trying to make sleeping at work more acceptable.  She calls herself a 'naptivist'! Let's hear from her now. What does she say is stopping us from doing this?

罗布: 澳大利亚健康作家西娅·奥康纳 (Thea O'Connor) 是一项名为“Nap Now”的运动的创始人，该运动旨在让人们更容易接受在工作时睡觉。 她称自己为“Naptist”！ 现在让我们听听她的消息。 她说了什么阻止我们这样做？

I think that our culture is a bit crazy not to embrace it, and one of the reasons we don't is our attitude, you know it's quite counter-cultural to do nothing in order to get ahead. I just really see that it's time to disrupt the prevailing work ethic which is all about work longer and harder.

我认为我们的文化不接受它有点疯狂，我们不接受它的原因之一是我们的态度，你知道为了取得成功而不采取任何行动是相当反文化的。 我真的认为是时候打破普遍的工作观念了，这种工作观念就是工作时间更长、更努力。

Finn: Right, so she wants us to embrace – to accept – the idea of a workplace power-nap. But it is our attitude – the way we think about work – that stops society from accepting this.

芬恩: 是的，所以她希望我们接受——接受——工作场所小睡的想法。 但正是我们的态度——我们思考工作的方式——阻止了社会接受这一点。

Rob Yes, she explains that it is counter-cultural – so going against the normal way of thinking – to actually do nothing and have a snooze.

罗布: 是的，她解释说，实际上什么都不做，打个盹是反文化的——因此违背了正常的思维方式。

Finn That's why she is trying to change – or disrupt – our current work ethic of working longer and harder. She believes this doesn't necessarily bring better results. But Rob, is this idea just a fad – something that's popular for a short while?

芬恩: 这就是为什么她试图改变——或者说颠覆——我们目前工作时间更长、更努力的工作理念。 她认为这并不一定会带来更好的结果。 但是罗布，这个想法只是一种时尚——只是流行了一时的东西吗？

Rob Maybe, but research has certainly shown that good quantity and quality of sleep is important for our wellbeing. A few years ago research by the East of England Development Agency found 30% of people have their best ideas in bed compared to just 11% who have them at their desk. It called for companies to install beds in the workplace.

罗布: 也许吧，但研究确实表明，良好的睡眠时间和质量对我们的健康很重要。 几年前，英格兰东部发展署的一项研究发现，30% 的人将自己最好的想法放在床上，而只有 11% 的人把这些想法放在办公桌上。 它呼吁公司在工作场所安装床。

Finn Well, there aren't any in our office yet Rob. I think putting beds or areas for naps in the office would help us workers feel more able to rest and recharge our minds.

芬恩: 好吧，我们办公室还没有人，罗布。 我认为在办公室里放置床或小憩区可以帮助我们的员工感觉更容易休息和恢复精力。

Rob An alternative idea would be to change our working hours. The UK's Sleep Council claims the nine-to-five work culture does not fit into the natural sleeping pattern of the human race and bosses need to introduce a more sleep-friendly working day.

罗布: 另一种想法是改变我们的工作时间。 英国睡眠委员会声称，朝九晚五的工作文化不符合人类的自然睡眠模式，老板们需要引入更有利于睡眠的工作日。

Finn That sounds like a siesta to me - a short period of sleep in the middle of the day that people in warm places like Spain often have.

芬恩: 对我来说，这听起来像是午睡——在西班牙等温暖地区的人们经常在中午休息一段时间。

Rob: My problem with a siesta is that if I have a sleep in the afternoon I'd never wake up!

罗布: 我午睡的问题是，如果我下午睡一觉，我就永远不会醒来！

Finn Well before you nod off now Rob, could you please tell me the answer to today's question.

芬恩: 罗布，在你打瞌睡之前，请你告诉我今天问题的答案。

Rob Yes. I asked you if you knew how many hours of sleep the former British Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, is said to have had each night?  Three, four or five hours?

罗布：是的。 我问你是否知道英国前首相撒切尔夫人据说每晚睡几个小时？ 三、四、五个小时？

Finn I said four hours Rob.

芬恩：我说四个小时，罗布。

Rob You are right. It has often been said she needed just four hours of sleep – only on weekdays, not weekends. Well before you have another power-nap, could you remind us of some of the vocabulary we've heard today:

罗布: 你是对的。 人们常说她只需要四个小时的睡眠——只在工作日，而不是周末。 在您再次小睡之前，您能否提醒我们今天听到的一些词汇：

Finn Yes, we heard:

芬恩：是我的，我们听到了:

napping

小睡

nod off

打盹

sleeping on the job

工作期间睡觉

insomniac

抢眼

40 winks

40次眨眼

power-nap

打盹

naptivist

潜入主义者

attitude

态度

counter-cultural

反文化

work ethic

工作风格

wellbeing

福祉

nine-to-five

朝九晚五

siesta

午睡

Rob Thanks. We hope you've enjoyed today's programme.

罗布: 谢谢。我们希望你喜欢今天的节目。

Finn Thank you! Thank you sound effects! Thank you, Neil! Is this all for me? I feel like quite a celebrity!               

芬恩 谢谢你！ 谢谢音效！ 谢谢你，尼尔！ 这一切都是为了我吗？ 我感觉自己真是个名人啊！

Neil Yes, a celebrity – someone famous - particularly someone in show business, that's the world of entertainment, theatre and film. Today we're talking about fame, and teaching you some related vocabulary.

尼尔 是的，名人——著名的人——尤其是演艺界的人，这就是娱乐、戏剧和电影的世界。 今天我们谈论的是名气，并教给大家一些相关的词汇。

Finn Yes. Some celebrities are famous for their talent, which means by their ability to do something well, like singing, acting or telling jokes …

芬恩 是的。 有些名人因其才华而闻名，这意味着他们有能力做好某件事，例如唱歌、表演或讲笑话……

Neil And others are famous for… well, for being famous or being associated with someone who is. The names Paris Hilton and Kim Kardashian come to mind: wealthy women with their own TV shows. But, talking about celebrity, let me ask you a question.

尼尔 其他人则因……嗯，因出名或与出名的人有联系而出名。 我想到了帕丽斯·希尔顿和金·卡戴珊这两个名字：拥有自己的电视节目的富有女性。 但是，说到名人，让我问你一个问题。

Finn Actually Neil, only if you play that lovely applause again.  Go on Neil!

芬恩 事实上，尼尔，只要你再次响起那可爱的掌声。 尼尔加油！

Neil I knew you would love this. Right. Here it goes.

尼尔 我知道你会喜欢这个。 正确的。 就这样吧。

Finn Yes! Anyway, Neil... I can give you my autograph later…

芬恩 是的！ 不管怎样，尼尔……我稍后可以给你签名……

Neil You mean signature? An autograph is the signature of a famous person, Finn. Fans collect these and things like photographs.

尼尔 你说签名？ 亲笔签名是名人芬恩的签名。 粉丝们收集这些东西以及照片之类的东西。

Finn Yes, we call things like those memorabilia.

芬恩 是的，我们称这些东西为纪念品。

Neil For example, Michael Jackson's leather glove with shiny crystals - it became very famous in the 1980s when he presented his moonwalk to the world. How much was it sold for at auction in 2009? Was it: 

尼尔 例如，迈克尔·杰克逊 (Michael Jackson) 的带有闪亮水晶的皮手套 - 在 20 世纪 80 年代，当他向全世界展示他的太空步时，它就变得非常出名。 2009年的拍卖会上，它卖了多少钱？ 

是：

a) US$ 150,000

b) US$ 250,000 or

c)US$ 350,000

Finn I think Michael Jackson has some big fans in the world so I'll say c) US$ 350,000.

芬恩 我认为迈克尔·杰克逊在世界上有一些忠实的粉丝，所以我会说 c) 350,000 美元。

Neil Okay. I'll give you the answer at the end of the programme.

尼尔 好的。 我会在节目结束时给你答案。

Finn So the idea of celebrity seems very modern in some ways – does it have a long history?

芬恩 因此，名人的观念在某些方面似乎非常现代——它有悠久的历史吗？

Neil Well, Lord Byron, a very famous English poet born in 1788, is considered by some experts to be the world's first modern-style celebrity. Let's hear Dr Corin Throsby, English Literature researcher at Cambridge University.

尼尔 那么，拜伦勋爵，一位非常著名的英国诗人，出生于1788年，被一些专家认为是世界上第一位现代风格的名人。 让我们来听听剑桥大学英语文学研究员 Corin Throsby 博士的看法。

Finn Why was Byron a celebrity?

芬恩 拜伦为何成为名人？

Neil Listen out for the noun she uses in the first sentence meaning a product, or something for sale.

尼尔 仔细听她在第一句中使用的名词，意思是产品或待售物品。

If we think of celebrity as the moment where someone's personality becomes a commodity. So, for Byron the fact that he was popular on this scale that had never been achieved before because his career had coincided with mass printing. But something more than that, that there was a sort of a secondary industry of Byron stuff, you know, that there were Byron neck ties, people wanted to look like Byron. There was this mass of people that loved him. He could no longer control his image. I think that's what separates celebrity from the fame that had preceded that.

如果我们将名人视为某人的个性成为商品的时刻。 因此，对于拜伦来说，他的受欢迎程度是前所未有的，因为他的职业生涯恰逢大规模印刷。 但更重要的是，有一种拜伦的东西的第二产业，你知道，有拜伦的领带，人们想要看起来像拜伦。 有这么多人爱他。 他已经无法控制自己的形象了。 我认为这就是名人与之前的名气的区别。

Finn So the noun was 'a commodity'. She said that when someone's personality becomes a product, that's when they turn into a celebrity. 

芬恩 所以这个名词是“商品”。 她说，当一个人的个性成为一种产品时，他就成为了名人。

Neil She talked of fame so big you can't control your own image – that's your reputation, the way other people think about you and imagine you. Someone interesting in this respect is Justin Bieber.

尼尔 她谈到名气太大了，你无法控制自己的形象——这就是你的声誉，别人对你的看法和想象。 贾斯汀·比伯（Justin Bieber）在这方面很有趣。

Finn Yeah. Are you a fan, Neil?

是的，你是他的一个粉丝?

Neil I'm a massive fan of Justin Bieber. I love him.

尼尔 我是贾斯汀·比伯的超级粉丝。 我爱他。

Finn I believe you.

芬恩 我相信你。

Neil He's a big name and he's always in the newspapers. His fans are called 'Beliebers'…

尼尔 他是个大人物，总是出现在报纸上。 他的粉丝被称为“Beliebers”……

Finn and Byron's fans were called 'Byron maniacs'. That's the name his wife gave his adoring fans. Though she wasn't too happy about them.  

芬恩 拜伦的粉丝被称为“拜伦狂人”。 这是他的妻子给他崇拜的粉丝起的名字。 虽然她对他们不太高兴。

Neil Yes. Byron's life was full of scandals, actions which cause shock and disapproval among people.

尼尔 是的。 拜伦的一生充满了丑闻，其行为引起了人们的震惊和不满。

Finn And for Byron it was mainly his love life. He had affairs with men and women. 

芬恩 对于拜伦来说，这主要是他的爱情生活。 他与男人和女人发生过关系。

Neil For Justin Bieber it's about his behaviour. He was accused of driving after drinking alcohol, and of vandalism.

尼尔 对于贾斯汀·比伯来说，这与他的行为有关。 他被指控酒后驾车和破坏公物。

Finn Vandalism means causing damage to property.

芬恩 故意破坏是指造成财产损失。

Neil Poor Justin Bieber!

尼尔 可怜的贾斯汀比伯！

Finn Though he's very popular - his career started when he was in his early teens and I think it must have been difficult growing up with this global fame. Still, I wonder how much his autograph is worth in the current market…

芬恩 尽管他很受欢迎，但他的职业生涯在他十几岁的时候就开始了，我认为在这样的全球声誉中成长一定很困难。 不过，我想知道他的签名在目前的市场上值多少钱……

Neil Well,I don't know about Justin Bieber's autograph but I do know about Michael Jackson's shiny glove. It became iconic in the 1980s, but how much was it sold for? Was it US$ 150,000; US$ 250,000 or c) US$ 350,000?

尼尔 好吧，我不知道贾斯汀·比伯的亲笔签名，但我知道迈克尔·杰克逊的闪亮手套。 它在 20 世纪 80 年代成为标志性建筑，但它的售价是多少？ 是15万美元吗？ 250,000 美元还是 c) 350,000 美元？

Finn I said c) US$ 350,000.

我说是C)350000元

Neil And you were right.

尼尔 你是对的。

Finn Wow! That's rare.

哇，好难得

Neil Did you buy it?

尼尔 你买了吗？

Finn It wasn't me. No.

不是我，我没有买。

Neil Well, our time's up but let's remember the words we heard from today. Finn.

尼尔 好吧，我们的时间到了，但让我们记住今天听到的话。 芬恩.

Finn We heard:

芬恩 我们听到了：

celebrity

名人

show business

影视圈

talent

人才

autograph

签名

memorabilia

纪念品

commodity

商品

image

照片

scandal

绯闻

vandalism

蓄意破坏

The first few months of 2023 were pretty unexceptional in terms of global temperatures. That changed in July when the world began a remarkable and almost unbroken streak of daily air temperature records.

2023年头几个月的全球气温并无值得关注之处。但从7月起，这一情况发生了变化：全球平均气温几乎连续打破了往年同日的纪录，令人震惊。

More than 200 days set new daily global temperature records, according to BBC analysis of the data from the EU climate organisation Copernicus. Two days in November were more than two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. That is another first and there's unlikely to be any respite this year. The Met Office said today there's a good chance 2024 will be even hotter than 2023. 

根据英国广播公司对欧盟气候监测机构哥白尼气候变化服务局的数据分析，创下新的日全球平均气温纪录的天数超过了200天。11月有两天的气温比工业化前水平高出了2摄氏度多，这是首次出现如此高的升幅，且升温趋势在今年不太有可能缓和。英国气象局今日表示，2024年很有可能会比2023年更热。 

词汇表

unexceptional 普通的，平常无奇的
in terms of 从…方面，就…而言
remarkable 引人注目的，惊人的
unbroken streak 连续的一段时间
air temperature 气温
pre-industrial levels 工业化前水平
a first 首次
respite 缓和，暂缓

Cotton or plastic: which kind of bag is better for the environment? Many of us would naturally say that the cotton bag is best, but that might only be true if you use that bag thousands of times. Surprised? Keep listening and we'll explain. 

棉质或塑料：哪种袋子更环保？ 我们中的许多人自然会说棉质袋子是最好的，但只有当您使用该袋子数千次时，这才可能是正确的。 惊讶吗？ 继续听，我们会解释。 

There is no doubt that plastic is damaging for the environment in many ways. Producing it can cause toxins to be released into the atmosphere. It's used in great quantities and often disposed of after a single use, meaning even more then needs to be produced. Thrown-away plastic can sit in landfill sites for centuries, or alternatively can contaminate the sea causing harm to wildlife and breaking down into polluting microplastics. 

毫无疑问，塑料在很多方面对环境造成损害。 生产它会导致毒素释放到大气中。 它的使用量很大，并且通常在使用一次后就被丢弃，这意味着需要生产更多的东西。 丢弃的塑料可能会在垃圾填埋场存放几个世纪，或者可能污染海洋，对野生动物造成伤害并分解成污染性的微塑料。

Because of these factors, many people are looking for ways to reduce their plastic use. However, the picture is not straightforward. Let's return to our cotton bag. It's certainly more biodegradable than plastic, but this might be where the advantages end. The industrial production of cotton requires far more energy, along with water and pesticides. As the bags are heavier, transporting them will lead to higher carbon emissions. An article from Columbia University suggests that cotton shopping bags need to be used over 7,000 times before they are more sustainable than plastic ones. 

由于这些因素，许多人正在寻找减少塑料使用的方法。 然而，情况并不简单。 让我们回到我们的棉布袋。 它肯定比塑料更容易生物降解，但这可能就是它的优势所在。 棉花的工业生产需要更多的能源、水和农药。 由于袋子较重，运输时会导致更高的碳排放。 哥伦比亚大学的一篇文章表明，棉质购物袋需要使用 7,000 次以上才能比塑料购物袋更具可持续性。

It's not just about shopping bags. Lightweight plastic components in cars and planes help reduce fuel use and emissions. If we didn't use so much plastic in clothing and footwear, the amount of land, water and chemicals that would be needed to produce enough natural textiles and leather would be enormous. Researchers have been looking to see if carbon could be sequestered during the production of plastics, reducing the amount in the atmosphere. 

这不仅仅是购物袋。 汽车和飞机中的轻质塑料部件有助于减少燃料使用和排放。 如果我们不在服装和鞋类中使用如此多的塑料，那么生产足够的天然纺织品和皮革所需的土地、水和化学品将是巨大的。 研究人员一直在寻找是否可以在塑料生产过程中封存碳，从而减少大气中的碳含量。 

One other characteristic of plastic might actually be the key to this issue. The fact that plastic lasts for centuries is what causes much of the environmental harm, but it also means it can be used to make items that can be re-used again and again. The problem is that we often don't. Plastic can cause serious harm to the environment, and efforts to throw less of it away can reduce this. Re-using it more could be one way to achieve this. 

塑料的另一个特性实际上可能是解决这个问题的关键。 塑料可以使用几个世纪的事实是造成大部分环境危害的原因，但这也意味着它可以用来制造可以一次又一次重复使用的物品。 问题是我们常常不这样做。 塑料会对环境造成严重危害，努力减少塑料垃圾的丢弃可以减少这种危害。 更多地重复使用它可能是实现这一目标的一种方法。 

词汇表

environment 自然环境
toxin 毒素
atmosphere 大气
dispose of 扔掉，处理
thrown-away 丢弃的
landfill 垃圾填埋场
contaminate 污染，毒害
microplastic 微塑料
biodegradable 可降解的
carbon emission 碳排放
sustainable 可持续的，不破坏环境的
plastic components 塑料零件
textile 纺织物
sequester 封存
harm 危害

It is early morning on a sunny spring day in April. Heathrow Airport, London, is busy, as usual. Hundreds of people are arriving, leaving, or waiting for planes. In the departure Lounge of Terminal One, a man is sitting reading a newspaper. 

这是四月一个阳光明媚的春日清晨。伦敦希思罗机场一如既往地繁忙。数百人正在抵达、离开或等待飞机。在一号航站楼的候机室里，一名男子正坐着看报纸。

He doesn't like airports. There are too many people, and he is always nervous when he flies. He looks at his watch impatiently. Then he hears the announcement over the loudspeakers.

他不喜欢机场。人太多了，坐飞机的时候他总是紧张。他不耐烦地看了看手表。然后他通过扩音器听到了公告。

'British Airways announces the departure of Flight BE570 for Istanbul. Will passengers please proceed to Gate 16 for boarding.' Tom Smith picks up his suitcase and walks towards Gate 16. 

英国航空宣布 BE570 航班飞往伊斯坦布尔。请旅客前往16号登机口登机。汤姆·史密斯拿起行李箱，朝 16 号登机口走去。

Twenty minutes later, the plane is preparing to leave. It moves slowly across the airport to runway number two. Tom is sitting looking out of the window. The plane suddenly moves forward, races down the runway and rises into the air.

二十分钟后，飞机准备起飞。它缓慢地穿过机场到达二号跑道。汤姆坐在那儿看着窗外。飞机突然向前移动，冲下跑道，升到空中。

Tom looks down at the houses and roads far below, and smiles. London is behind him. Now he is on his way to Istanbul. Tom relaxed and took a letter from his pocket. Resat Bey Apt 11-3, Kamerot Sokak, Ayazpasa, Istanbul.

汤姆低头看着下面远处的房屋和道路，微笑着。伦敦在他身后。现在他正在前往伊斯坦布尔的路上。汤姆放松下来，从口袋里拿出一封信。 Resat Bey Apt 11-3, Kamerot Sokak, 阿亚兹帕夏, 伊斯坦布尔。

My dear Tom, Thank you for your letter. I am so happy that you can come and visit me for a holiday. Life here in Istanbul is very interesting. I am enjoying my work, but I miss you very much. It will be wonderful to see you again. I'm sure we will have a very nice holiday. Spring is here, and the weather is beautiful. I have to work on Monday 14th of April, the day you arrive. So I can't come to the airport to meet you, but you can take a taxi from the Air Terminal to Taksim Square.

我亲爱的汤姆，谢谢你的来信。我很高兴你能来看我度假。伊斯坦布尔的生活非常有趣。我很享受我的工作，但我非常想念你。再次见到你真是太好了。我相信我们会度过一个非常愉快的假期。春天来了，气候宜人。我必须在 4 月 14 日星期一上班，也就是你到达的那天。所以我不能来机场接你，但你可以从航站楼乘出租车到塔克西姆广场。

That's in the centre of the new part of the city. There's a big hotel called the Park Hotel near the square. I'll meet you there at 5 O'clock. We'll meet in the American Bar. The view over the city is beautiful. I can't wait to see you again, Tom. I have so much to tell you. So remember, the Park Hotel, Taksim Sqaure, 5 O'clock. See you on the 14th. Love, Angela.

那是在城市新区的中心。广场附近有一家大酒店，叫公园酒店。我五点钟在那里见你。我们将在美国酒吧见面。城市的景色很美丽。我迫不及待地想再次见到你，汤姆。我有很多话要告诉你。所以请记住，公园酒店，塔克西姆广场，5 点钟。 14 号见。爱你，安吉拉。

Tom sat for a moment, looking at his fiance's letter. Then he put it in his pocket. He looked down the green fields of France, as the plane continued its journey across Europe. 'Have you been to Istanbul before?' said a voice. It was the young man in the next seat. 'No, I haven't,' said Tome. 'Have you?'

The man smiled. 'My home is in Istanbul. I'm studying in London at the moment. I'm going home for a holiday.' 'Really?' said Tom. 'Where are you studying?' 'At London University.' The two men sat talking, as the stewardesses began serving lunch.

汤姆坐了一会儿，看着未婚夫的信。然后他把它放进口袋里。当飞机继续穿越欧洲的旅程时，他俯视着法国的绿色田野。 “你以前去过伊斯坦布尔吗？”一个声音说道。正是邻座的年轻人。 “不，我没有，”托梅说。 '你？'

The young man told Tom his name was Kemal. His parents had a shop in Istanbul. 'Are you meeting someone in Istanbul?' Kemal asked. 'My fiance,' said Tom. 'She's working in Istanbul.' 'That's interesting. How long has she been there?' 

年轻人告诉汤姆他的名字叫凯末尔。他的父母在伊斯坦布尔有一家商店。 “你在伊斯坦布尔见某人吗？”凯末尔问道。 “我的未婚夫，”汤姆说。 “她在伊斯坦布尔工作。” '那很有意思。她在那里多久了？

She went to Istanbul two months ago. She works for a small company which is starting to export to England. She's making all the arrangements.' 'Exporting always seems so difficult,' said Kemal. 'It seems difficult,' Tom agreed. 'But that's Angela's job. She's an expert in importing and exporting. Her father has an import/export agency in London and she has worked for him for some years. She's almost completed her work in Istanbul now. The company has already started to send goods to England. She'll be coming back to London soon.'

两个月前她去了伊斯坦布尔。她在一家小公司工作，该公司开始向英国出口。她正在做所有的安排。 “出口似乎总是那么困难，”凯末尔说。 “这似乎很难，”汤姆同意道。 “但那是安吉拉的工作。”她是进出口方面的专家。她的父亲在伦敦有一家进出口机构，她已经为他工作了几年。她现在几乎完成了在伊斯坦布尔的工作。该公司已经开始向英国发送货物。她很快就会回到伦敦。