The scientists carried out years of genetic research to conclude there are seven species of what are called Hylomys, a furry subgroup of hedgehogs. 

科学家们进行了多年的基因研究，得出了这一结论：共有七个刺猬物种被称为 “毛猬属”，“毛猬属” 是一种毛茸茸的刺猬的亚组。 

Work was carried out on Borneo in Malaysia, and in museum collections where specimens were reassessed. 

开展这项研究的地点是马来西亚的婆罗洲和一些博物馆，科学家们重新评估了这些博物馆收藏的刺猬标本。 

The team found key differences in the mammals' genetic codes and in their shape, especially their heads and their extremely sharp teeth. One researcher remarked that if they were bigger animals, these hedgehogs would be pretty scary. 

研究小组发现这些哺乳动物的基因密码和身体部位的形状存在关键差异，尤其是它们的头部和锋利的牙齿的区别。一位研究人员表示，如果它们体型更大的话，这些刺猬会非常可怕。 

The scientists hope their work will draw attention to the importance of the hedgehogs’ rainforest habitat which is being badly denuded.

科学家们希望他们的工作能引起人们对刺猬栖息地热带雨林生态系统的关注，因为那里正受到严重威胁。 

词汇表

genetic 基因的，遗传学的
species 物种
furry 毛茸茸的
subgroup 亚组，次群
reassess 重新评估
mammals 哺乳动物
habitat 栖息地
denuded 受到威胁的

What's the oldest meal you've eaten? Maybe you've had leftovers from a few days ago. They probably still tasted good. But what if it wasn't a few days ago, what if you ate a 60-day old stew? Or a 49-year-old beef noodle soup? 

你吃过最古老的一餐是什么？也许你已经吃了几天前的剩菜了。它们的味道可能还是不错的。但如果不是几天前，如果你吃了60天的炖菜怎么办？还是49年的牛肉面？ 

Perpetual stew is a dish that is never taken off the heat; it's never finished. As portions are served, new ingredients are put in the pot to replace them. One day's stew becomes the basis of the following days' meals. There have been some famous examples. This year, Annie Rauwerda's 60-day stew became a social media sensation. One Bangkok restaurant claims to have been cooking its beef noodle soup since the 1970s. It has been suggested that perpetual stew was a tradition in Medieval Europe when the effort required to start a fire meant that they were left to burn all day, and a pot of stew was always simmering away on top of it. One New York Times article tells us about a stew in Normandy that was kept cooking for 300 years. 

永久炖菜是一道永远不会离开火源的菜肴；它永远不会完成。上菜时，锅中会放入新的食材来替换它们。一天的炖菜成为第二天膳食的基础。有一些著名的例子。今年，Annie Rauwerda 的 60 天炖菜引起了社交媒体的轰动。曼谷的一家餐厅声称自 20 世纪 70 年代以来就开始烹制牛肉面汤。有人认为，永久炖菜是中世纪欧洲的一种传统，当时生火所需的努力意味着它们要燃烧一整天，而一锅炖菜总是在上面慢慢地煮着。《纽约时报》的一篇文章向我们讲述了诺曼底的一种炖菜，它已经烹饪了 300 年。 

This tradition may date back to the Middle Ages, but thankfully, our understanding of food hygiene has developed since then. In a world where food is often thrown away once it reaches its use-by date, many people have asked how safe perpetual stew can actually be. Experts are divided, some maintain that as long as the stew is kept bubbling away at a temperature too high for pathogens to survive, it should be safe. Others suggest that meat can become dangerous if it's left in the stew for too long. Concerns have also been raised that some vegetables, such as potatoes, or those containing nitrates, could become more toxic the more they are reheated. 

这一传统可以追溯到中世纪，但值得庆幸的是，我们对食品卫生的理解从那时起就已经发展起来。在当今世界，食物一旦过了保质期就会被扔掉，许多人都在问永久炖菜实际上有多安全。专家们意见不一，一些人认为，只要炖菜的温度保持在足以让病原体无法生存的温度下冒泡，它就应该是安全的。其他人则认为，如果肉在炖菜中放置时间过长，就会变得危险。人们还担心一些蔬菜，如土豆或含有硝酸盐的蔬菜，加热次数越多，毒性可能会更大。

Advocates of slow cooking believe that the best food takes time, but even they may be surprised by a months or years-old perpetual stew.

慢煮的倡导者相信最好的食物需要时间，但即使是他们也可能会对长达数月或数年的永久炖菜感到惊讶。 

词汇表

leftovers 剩饭，剩菜
stew 炖菜
beef noodle soup 牛肉汤面
dish （一道）菜
take off the heat 将…从灶上挪开，离火
portion （食物的）一份
ingredient 食材，原料
pot 锅
simmer 炖，煨
food hygiene 食品卫生
use-by date 保质期
bubble 沸腾，咕嘟冒泡
pathogen 病原体
nitrate 硝酸盐
toxic 有毒的
reheat 重新加热（食物）
slow cooking 慢炖

The World Health Organization (WHO) says holiday gatherings and the spread of a new COVID-19 variant led to increased hospitalizations and deaths last month. 

世界卫生组织 (WHO) 表示，假日聚会和新的 COVID-19 变种的传播导致上个月住院和死亡人数增加。

WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said Wednesday that nearly 10,000 deaths were reported in December. He added that hospitalizations during the month jumped 42 percent in nearly 50 countries. 

世卫组织总干事谭德塞周三表示，12 月份报告有近 1 万人死亡。他补充说，本月近 50 个国家的住院人数猛增了 42%。 

Tedros said, “Although 10,000 deaths a month is far less than the peak of the pandemic, this level of preventable deaths is not acceptable." 

谭德塞表示，“虽然每月1万人的死亡人数远低于疫情高峰期，但这种可预防的死亡人数是不可接受的。” 

Tedros said it was “certain” that cases of COVID-19 were increasing in other places that have not been reporting case numbers. 

谭德塞表示，“可以肯定”，在其他尚未报告病例数的地方，COVID-19 病例正在增加。 

Tedros said the JN.1 variant is now the most common in the world. Since it is an Omicron variant, current vaccines should still provide some protection. Health officials in the U.S. say there is no evidence that JN.1 causes more severe disease than recent variants. 

谭德塞表示，JN.1 变种目前是世界上最常见的变种。由于它是 Omicron 变种，目前的疫苗仍应提供一些保护。美国卫生官员表示，没有证据表明 JN.1 会导致比最近的变种更严重的疾病。 

In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that there have been at least 110,000 hospitalizations and 6,500 deaths from the flu since October. 

在美国，疾病控制与预防中心 (CDC) 报告称，自 10 月份以来，已有至少 11 万人因流感住院治疗，6,500 人死亡。 

The agency added that COVID-19 illnesses were not increasing as quickly flu illnesses. Still, COVID-19 is putting more people in the hospital than the flu. 

该机构补充说，COVID-19 疾病的增长速度没有流感疾病那么快。尽管如此，新冠肺炎 (COVID-19) 导致住院的人数仍多于流感。 

Maria Van Kerkhove is the technical lead at WHO for COVID-19. She said there is an increase in respiratory diseases around the world due to COVID-19, flu and pneumonia. 

Maria Van Kerkhove 是世界卫生组织 COVID-19 技术负责人。她说，由于 COVID-19、流感和肺炎，世界各地的呼吸道疾病有所增加。 

“We expect those trends to continue into January through the winter months in the northern hemisphere,” Van Kerkhove said. She added there have also been increases in COVID-19 in the southern hemisphere, where it is now summer. 

范科霍夫说：“我们预计这些趋势将持续到北半球的一月到冬季。” 她补充说，现在正值夏季的南半球，COVID-19 病例也有所增加。 

WHO officials suggest that people get vaccinated, wear face coverings, and make sure air can move in and out of indoor areas. 

世卫组织官员建议人们接种疫苗、戴口罩并确保空气可以进出室内区域。 

Michael Ryan is the head of emergencies at the WHO. He said, “The vaccines may not stop you from being infected, but the vaccines are certainly reducing significantly your chance of being hospitalized or dying.” 

迈克尔·瑞安（Michael Ryan）是世界卫生组织紧急情况负责人。他说：“疫苗可能无法阻止你被感染，但疫苗肯定会大大降低你住院或死亡的机会。” 

A report from the World Economic Forum says misinformation and disinformation are the most severe risks facing the world over the next two years. 

世界经济论坛的一份报告称，错误信息和虚假信息是未来两年世界面临的最严重风险。

The group released its latest Global Risks Report Wednesday. 

该组织周三发布了最新的全球风险报告。 

The report said artificial intelligence (AI) can increase false or misleading information and is an immediate risk to the worldwide economy. The World Economic Forum (WEF) report warned that bad information threatens to weaken democracy and polarize groups of people. 

报告称，人工智能（AI）可能会增加虚假或误导性信息，对全球经济构成直接风险。世界经济论坛（WEF）报告警告说，不良信息可能会削弱民主并使人群两极分化。 

The report is based on a survey of nearly 1,500 experts, industry leaders, and politicians. It is being released before the yearly WEF meeting in the vacation town of Davos, Switzerland. 

该报告基于对近 1,500 名专家、行业领袖和政治家的调查。该报告将于在瑞士度假胜地达沃斯举行的年度世界经济论坛会议之前发布。 

The writers are concerned that the fast progress of AI technology like ChatGPT might mean that groups can be manipulated by people without any specialized skills. 

作者担心，像 ChatGPT 这样的人工智能技术的快速进步可能意味着群体可能会被没有任何专业技能的人操纵。 

AI will be discussed next week at the Davos meeting. Technology company leaders including OpenAI chief Sam Altman, Microsoft head Satya Nadella, and industry experts like Meta’s chief AI scientist, Yann LeCun, are expected to attend.

下周的达沃斯会议将讨论人工智能。OpenAI 首席执行官 Sam Altman、微软首席执行官 Satya Nadella 等科技公司领导人以及 Meta 首席人工智能科学家 Yann LeCun 等行业专家预计将出席。 

The report says misinformation and disinformation that is created using AI is becoming a risk just as billions of people in several countries are going to vote this year and next year. Those countries include the United States, Britain, Indonesia, India, Mexico, and Pakistan. 

该报告称，随着一些国家的数十亿人将于今年和明年投票，使用人工智能创建的错误信息和虚假信息正在成为一种风险。这些国家包括美国、英国、印度尼西亚、印度、墨西哥和巴基斯坦。 

Carolina Klint is a risk expert at Marsh, whose parent company Marsh McLennan co-wrote the report with Zurich Insurance Group. She said people can use AI to make deepfakes and to really affect large groups “…which really drives misinformation.” 

卡罗莱纳·克林特 (Carolina Klint) 是达信 (Marsh) 的风险专家，其母公司达信·麦克伦南 (Marsh McLennan) 与苏黎世保险集团 (Zurich Insurance Group) 共同撰写了这份报告。她说，人们可以使用人工智能来制作深度伪造品并真正影响大群体，“……这确实会导致错误信息。” 

Deepfakes are videos that contain realistic images which are false and show people doing and saying things that never happened. 

Deepfakes 是包含真实图像的视频，这些图像是虚假的，显示人们在做和说从未发生过的事情。 

“Societies could become further polarized” as people find it harder to tell what is true, she said. False information also could be used to fuel questions about whether governments are elected fairly. Klint said, that “… means that democratic processes could be eroded, and it would also drive societal polarization even further.” 

她说，“社会可能会变得更加两极分化”，因为人们很难辨别真相。虚假信息还可能被用来引发人们对政府选举是否公平的质疑。克林特说，“……意味着民主进程可能会受到侵蚀，而且还会进一步推动社会两极分化。” 

The rise of AI brings other risks, she said. It could give power to harmful actors by making it easier to carry out online attacks. 

她说，人工智能的兴起带来了其他风险。它可以让实施在线攻击变得更加容易，从而为有害行为者提供权力。 

Klint said with AI, a person does not need to be intelligent to become a harmful actor. 

克林特说，有了人工智能，一个人不需要聪明就能成为一个有害的演员。 

It can even affect data that is taken from the internet to develop other AI systems. She said this is difficult to correct and could result in further bias in AI systems. 

它甚至可以影响从互联网获取的用于开发其他人工智能系统的数据。她说这很难纠正，并可能导致人工智能系统进一步出现偏差。 

The report said extreme weather is the second most worrying short term risk. 

报告称，极端天气是第二大令人担忧的短期风险。

The report also said that, over the next 10 years, extreme weather events were more important than misinformation and disinformation. Weather was followed by environmental risks that include changes to the Earth’s systems; loss of wildlife and collapse of natural systems; and shortages of natural resources. 

报告还称，未来10年，极端天气事件比错误信息和虚假信息更重要。天气之后是环境风险，包括地球系统的变化；野生动物的丧失和自然系统的崩溃；和自然资源短缺。 

Spain’s Royal Tapestry Factory has been providing clothes, called carpets for the floor and tapestries for the wall, for palaces and public buildings for more than 300 years. 

西班牙皇家挂毯工厂 300 多年来一直为宫殿和公共建筑提供服装，称为地板地毯和墙壁挂毯。

Found on a quiet street in Spain’s capital Madrid, its artisans combine long-held knowledge of the work with new methods to create cloth-based products. 

它位于西班牙首都马德里一条安静的街道上，工匠们将长期掌握的工作知识与新方法相结合，创造出以布料为基础的产品。 

The factory was opened in 1721 by Spain’s King Felipe V. He brought in Catholic artisans from Flanders, an area found in today’s Belgium, to get it started. At the time, the area had been under Spanish control. 

该工厂于 1721 年由西班牙国王费利佩五世 (Felipe V) 开设。他从佛兰德斯（位于今天的比利时境内）引进了天主教工匠来创办工厂。 当时，该地区已处于西班牙控制之下。 

Cloth like wool can be found in all colors in the factory. And tools like bobbins and spinning wheels are everywhere in the factory. Some of the original wooden machines are still in use. 

像羊毛这样的布料在工厂里可以找到各种颜色的。 工厂里到处都是线轴、纺车等工具。 一些原始的木制机器仍在使用。 

Alejandro Klecker de Elizalde is the factory’s general director. “Here the only products we work with are silk, wool, jute, cotton, linen,” he said. “And these small leftovers that we create, the water from the dyes, or the small pieces of wool, everything is recycled, everything has a double, a second use.”

Alejandro Klecker de Elizalde 是工厂的总经理。 “我们在这里合作的唯一产品是丝绸、羊毛、黄麻、棉花、亚麻，”他说。 “我们制造的这些小剩余物，染料中的水，或者小块羊毛，一切都被回收，一切都有双重用途。”

The factory also brings old pieces that have been damaged through time back to good condition. And it keeps some of the most important cloth and material records in Europe. 

工厂还将随着时间的推移而损坏的旧件恢复到良好状态。 它保留了欧洲一些最重要的布料和材料记录。 

Now, 70 percent of its buyers are individuals from Latin America, Europe, and the Middle East. 

现在，70% 的买家是来自拉丁美洲、欧洲和中东的个人。 

The factory recently received one of its biggest orders, 32 tapestries for the Palace of Dresden in Germany. The order is worth more than 1 million dollars and it will provide work for up to five years, Klecker de Elizalde said. 

该工厂最近收到了最大的订单之一，即为德国德累斯顿宫制作 32 幅挂毯。 Klecker de Elizalde 表示，该订单价值超过 100 万美元，并将提供长达五年的工作。 

In 2018, the factory finished a tapestry for a Lebanese buyer based on the work Sabra and Shatila Massacre by Iraqi artist Dia al-Azzawi. The cloth shows the 1982-83 violence by Christian Phalangist militia in Palestinian refugee camps that were guarded by Israeli troops. 

2018年，工厂为黎巴嫩买家根据伊拉克艺术家迪亚·阿扎维的作品《萨布拉和沙蒂拉大屠杀》完成了一幅挂毯。 布料展示了 1982-83 年基督教长枪党民兵在以色列军队守卫的巴勒斯坦难民营中的暴力行为。 

Creating a tapestry is a difficult process that takes several weeks or months of work for each square meter. 

制作挂毯是一个困难的过程，每平方米需要花费数周或数月的时间。 

A tapestry begins with “cartoons,” or drawings on paper that are later copied onto a system of material called warps which are then woven over. 

挂毯以“卡通”或纸上的图画开始，然后将其复制到称为经纱的材料系统上，然后将其编织起来。 

One of the factory’s well-known cartoonists was master painter Francisco Goya, who began working there in 1780. Some of the tapestries he designed are now found in the nearby Prado Museum and Madrid’s Royal Collections Gallery. 

画家大师弗朗西斯科·戈雅 (Francisco Goya) 是该工厂的一位著名漫画家，他于 1780 年开始在这里工作。他设计的一些挂毯现在陈列在附近的普拉多博物馆和马德里皇家收藏画廊中。

A man in Italy might regain the use of his hand after having a new kind of medical operation. 

意大利的一名男子在接受新型医疗手术后可能会重新使用自己的手。 

Doctors in northern Italy said the surgery used a nerve from the man’s partly amputated leg to repair a damaged nerve in his hand. His hand became paralyzed after a severe driving accident. 

意大利北部的医生表示，手术使用了该男子部分截肢腿的神经来修复手部受损的神经。一次严重的车祸后，他的手瘫痪了。 

Surgeons at Turin City Hospital took part of the man's sciatic nerve from his leg. That is the nerve which helps control movement in the foot. The doctors transferred part of the man’s sciatic nerve to his brachial plexus. That is a network of nerves connecting the spinal cord to the shoulder, arm, and hand. 

都灵市医院的外科医生从该男子的腿上切除了部分坐骨神经。这是帮助控制足部运动的神经。医生将这名男子的部分坐骨神经转移到臂丛神经。这是连接脊髓与肩膀、手臂和手的神经网络。 

"It’s the first time that someone [has transferred] a component of the sciatic nerve to the brachial plexus," said Paolo Titolo. He was one of the surgeons who performed the operation. He recently spoke with Reuters news agency. 

“这是第一次有人将坐骨神经的一个组成部分转移到臂丛神经，”保罗·蒂托洛说。他是进行手术的外科医生之一。他最近接受了路透社的采访。

The patient is Marcello Gaviglio, a 55-year-old healthcare worker. He had half of his left leg amputated after he was hit by a motorbike five months ago. The accident happened while he was travelling to work on his small, motorized bike called a moped. 

患者是 55 岁的医护人员马塞洛·加维利奥 (Marcello Gaviglio)。五个月前，他被摩托车撞倒，左腿半截被截肢。事故发生在他骑着他的小型机动自行车（轻便摩托车）去上班时。 

He suffered serious injuries to his brachial plexus as well as his leg. The damage to his upper body left him unable to use both of his hands. 

他的臂丛神经和腿部都受到了严重伤害。他上半身的损伤使他无法使用双手。 

Because the part of the sciatic nerve that controlled his left foot was no longer needed, it could be transferred to the shoulder area. On December 21, doctors carried out the operation. They hope it will give him the ability to use his left hand. 

因为控制左脚的那部分坐骨神经不再需要，可以转移到肩部区域。12月21日，医生进行了手术。他们希望这能让他能够使用左手。 

Gaviglio will need about five months of special care after the operation. For now, he is still unable to move the hand at all. 

手术后加维利奥将需要大约五个月的特殊护理。目前，他的手还根本无法动弹。 

Nerve transfer surgery is not new. But normally it does not involve moving a nerve that controls the foot to an area that controls the hand. For that reason, doctors involved in the operation are calling it “pioneering.” 

神经转移手术并不新鲜。但通常它不涉及将控制脚的神经移动到控制手的区域。因此，参与该手术的医生称其为“开创性”。 

"We think this is pioneering surgery because if it works it means that the brain plasticity can control … other parts of the body that we didn't expect,” Titolo said. He added that the surgery opens new fields in nerve studies. 

蒂托洛说：“我们认为这是开创性的手术，因为如果它有效，就意味着大脑可塑性可以控制……我们没有预料到的身体其他部位。”他补充说，这项手术开辟了神经研究的新领域。 

The aim is to restore "some grasp function" to the hand. That means the ability to hold objects. Titolo explained that this can help the other hand to do things. 

目的是恢复手的“某些抓握功能”。这意味着持有物体的能力。蒂托洛解释说，这可以帮助另一只手做事。 

The operation was the result of four years of research. It was published in the medical journal Injury. 

该手术是四年研究的结果。它发表在医学杂志《Injury》上。 

Gaviglio, the patient, said he had given little thought to the pioneering part of the operation. He said he just felt that there was a chance for a good result. He said he thought about depending on a “team of very good doctors” and being able to move his hand again “a little bit.” 

患者加维利奥表示，他几乎没有考虑过手术的开创性部分。他说他只是觉得有机会取得好成绩。他说，他考虑过依靠“非常好的医生团队”，并能够再次“稍微”活动一下自己的手。 

Copernicus, the European climate agency, says 2023 broke records for global warmth. 

欧洲气候机构哥白尼表示，2023 年全球变暖打破了记录。 

The average temperature for the year was 1.48 degrees Celsius above the world’s pre-industrial temperature. 

年平均气温比世界工业化前气温高1.48摄氏度。 

World climate experts agree that an average increase up to 1.5 degrees or higher could lead to extreme climate disasters. They set the 1.5 degree Celsius mark at a 2015 climate conference in Paris. 

世界气候专家一致认为，平均气温升高1.5度或更高可能会导致极端气候灾难。他们在 2015 年巴黎气候会议上设定了 1.5 摄氏度的目标。 

However, January 2024 is measuring so warm that it is likely to average at or beyond the 1.5 mark for the month, says Samantha Burgess. She is Deputy Director of Copernicus. Scientists have repeatedly said an average of 1.5 degrees of warming over as much as thirty years would violate the limit. 

然而，萨曼莎·伯吉斯 (Samantha Burgess) 表示，2024 年 1 月的气温非常温暖，该月的平均气温可能会达到或超过 1.5。她是哥白尼的副主任。科学家们一再表示，三十年内平均升温 1.5 度就违反了极限。 

The 1.5 degree goal “has to be (kept) alive because lives are at risk and choices have to be made,” Burgess said. 

伯吉斯说，1.5 度的目标“必须（保持）有效，因为生命处于危险之中，必须做出选择”。 

The record heat made life difficult and sometimes deadly in Europe, North America and China, among other places. Climate scientists say heat is not the only problem related to temperature rise. They say severe weather events such as heavy rains that cause flooding, along with wildfires and extreme dry conditions are connected to the rising temperatures. 

创纪录的高温使欧洲、北美和中国等地的生活变得困难，有时甚至致命。气候科学家表示，热量并不是与气温上升相关的唯一问题。他们表示，暴雨导致洪水、野火和极端干旱等恶劣天气事件与气温上升有关。

For the first time, nations meeting on climate late in 2023 agreed that the world needs to move away from polluting fossil fuels.

2023 年末召开的气候会议首次一致认为，世界需要摆脱污染性化石燃料。

Copernicus said the average temperature in 2023 was one-sixth of a degree Celsius above the past record, set in 2016. The average temperature was 14.98 degrees Celsius. 

哥白尼表示，2023年的平均气温比2016年创下的历史纪录高出六分之一摄氏度。平均气温为14.98摄氏度。 

“It was record-breaking for seven months. We had the warmest June, July, August, September, October, November, December,” Burgess said. “It wasn’t just a season or a month that was exceptional. It was exceptional for over half the year.” 

“这打破了七个月的记录。我们经历了最温暖的六月、七月、八月、九月、十月、十一月、十二月，”伯吉斯说。“这不仅仅是一个赛季或一个月的特殊。这半年多的时间里都是异常的。” 

Malte Meinshausen is a climate scientist at the University of Melbourne in Australia. He says about 1.3 degrees Celsius of the warming comes from greenhouse gases, with another 0.1 degrees from usual weather conditions such as El Nino. 

Malte Meinshausen 是澳大利亚墨尔本大学的气候科学家。他表示，温室气体导致气温升高约 1.3 摄氏度，另外 0.1 摄氏度则来自厄尔尼诺等常见天气条件。

Copernicus records only go back to 1940. Other organizations will announce climate reports for 2023 on Friday. The groups include the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the U.S. and Great Britain’s Meteorological Office. 

哥白尼的记录只能追溯到 1940 年。其他组织将于周五公布 2023 年气候报告。这些组织包括美国国家海洋和大气管理局和英国气象局。 

While some national weather offices only have records going back to the 1940s, many scientists agree that this is the warmest period for the Earth in over 100,000 years. 

虽然一些国家气象局的记录只能追溯到 20 世纪 40 年代，但许多科学家一致认为，这是地球 10 万多年来最温暖的时期。 

Copernicus said there were two and nearly three days in 2023 where the world’s average temperature was at least 2 degrees above that of the pre-industrial period. In addition, for more than half the year, the world average temperature was 1.5 degrees warmer than in the mid-1800s. 

哥白尼表示，2023年有两天和近三天世界平均气温比工业化前时期至少高出2度。此外，在半年多的时间里，世界平均气温比1800年代中期升高了1.5度。

Coloring books are common objects of play and learning for children around the world. In recent years, coloring books for adults have grown popular too. 

涂色书是世界各地儿童玩耍和学习的常见对象。 近年来，成人涂色书也越来越流行。 

Children usually color with wax sticks called crayons. But, you can also use color markers, pens, and pencils. 

孩子们通常使用称为蜡笔的蜡棒来着色。 但是，您也可以使用彩色记号笔、钢笔和铅笔。 

Adding color to black and white images is fun and often calming. You just choose a color and fill in the space created by the lines. In fact, children are often taught to stay inside the lines when they color. 

为黑白图像添加颜色很有趣，而且常常令人平静。 您只需选择一种颜色并填充线条创建的空间即可。 事实上，孩子们经常被教导在涂色时要留在线条内。 

Apparently, this idea does not come naturally. Child development experts say very young children begin by scribbling on a coloring page. They do not pay attention to the lines of the picture. The result is a colorful but often messy looking picture. 

显然，这个想法并不是自然产生的。 儿童发展专家表示，年幼的孩子首先会在彩页上乱涂乱画。 他们不注意画面的线条。 结果是一幅色彩缤纷但通常看起来很混乱的图片。 

Then between the ages of two and five they start coloring inside the lines. This progression shows an improvement in many skills: fine motor skills, hand-eye coordination, space and object awareness, and more. 

然后在两岁到五岁之间，他们开始在线条内着色。 这一进展表明许多技能都得到了提高：精细运动技能、手眼协调能力、空间和物体意识等等。 

Many children are taught to color inside the lines. As a result, many adults do the same. This makes this finished artwork look more organized and proper because you followed the images’ guide lines. 

许多孩子被教导在线条内着色。 结果，许多成年人也这样做。 这使得这件完成的艺术品看起来更有条理、更合适，因为你遵循了图像的指导线。 

That is why the expression coloring inside the lines means to think or act within generally accepted guidelines. If you color inside the lines, you follow the rules. You stay in the lines or you play by the book (not the coloring book … but the rule book). 

这就是为什么线条内的表达颜色意味着在普遍接受的指导方针内思考或行动。 如果你在线条内着色，你就遵守了规则。 你要么排队，要么按书本行事（不是着色书……而是规则书）。 

We can also say you stick to the script. A script contains the spoken words performers must say out-loud in a play, movie, or show. Sticking to the script means you do not change the lines you are given. 

我们也可以说你坚持剧本。 剧本包含表演者在戏剧、电影或表演中必须大声说出的台词。 坚持剧本意味着你不会改变给你的台词。 

Such people can also be said to toe the line. That expression comes from foot racing. 

这样的人也可以说是听话的。 这个表达方式来自于赛跑。

On the other hand, people who color outside the lines do not follow rules. They are rebels. Rebels reject rules. They color outside the lines and think outside the box. Instead of sticking to the script they go off script. They improvise. 

另一方面，那些越界着色的人则不遵守规则。 他们是叛逆者。 叛乱分子拒绝规则。 他们跳出界限，跳出框框思考。 他们没有坚持剧本，而是脱离了剧本。 他们即兴发挥。  

Just as with rule-followers, we have just as many word phrases and expressions for rule-breakers. They break new ground. They are ground-breakers. They buck traditions. Used as a verb this way, “buck” means to oppose or resist. 

就像遵守规则的人一样，我们也有同样多的针对规则破坏者的短语和表达方式。 他们开辟了新天地。 他们是开拓者。 他们打破传统。 作为动词，“buck”的意思是反对或抵抗。 

Next time you want describe these two kinds of people you will have plenty of expressions to choose from! 

下次你要描述这两种人时，你会有很多表达方式可供选择！ 

Chinese lawmakers recently entered a fierce online debate on whether fireworks should be used to celebrate the Lunar New year this February. They said a total ban on fireworks in the country credited with inventing the noisemakers would be hard to enforce. 

中国立法者最近在网上就今年二月是否应该使用烟花爆竹庆祝农历新年展开了激烈的辩论。 他们表示，在这个被认为发明了噪音发生器的国家全面禁止燃放烟花爆竹将很难执行。 

Lawmakers said air pollution prevention and fire safety laws have led to "differences in understanding" of the ban on fireworks. However, it was never a total ban. 

议员们表示，空气污染防治和消防安全法导致了对烟花禁令的“理解上的分歧”。 然而，这从来都不是全面禁止。 

In 2017, official data showed 444 cities had banned fireworks. Since then, some of the cities have loosened the bans. They permit fireworks at certain times of the year and at special places.

2017年，官方数据显示444个城市禁止燃放烟花爆竹。 此后，一些城市放松了禁令。 他们允许在一年中的某些时间和特殊地点燃放烟花。 

This month, however, many counties made announcements banning fireworks, restarting discussion on the ban. 

然而本月，多县发布禁放烟花爆竹的公告，重启有关禁放烟花爆竹的讨论。 

"We've the right to fireworks," wrote a user of Weibo, a popular Chinese online discussion service. 

“我们有放烟花的权利，”中国流行的在线讨论服务微博的一位用户写道。

Chinese folklore says the earliest fireworks were invented 2,000 years ago to drive away the "nian.” The nian, the story goes, was a monster that hunted people and animals before the Lunar New Year, or Spring Festival. 

中国民间传说，最早的烟花是在2000年前发明的，目的是驱走“年”。 传说中的“年”是一种在农历新年或春节前猎杀人和动物的怪物。

Since then, fireworks came to be used to celebrate other events. This January, after three years of COVID-19 restrictions were lifted, some people ignored bans - and officials - and set off firecrackers. 

从那时起，烟花开始被用来庆祝其他活动。 今年一月，在解除了三年的 COVID-19 限制后，一些人无视禁令和官员，燃放鞭炮。 

Some Chinese say the fireworks bans were necessary to protect the environment. 

一些中国人表示，为了保护环境，禁止燃放烟花爆竹是必要的。 

An online opinion study by the official Beijing Youth Daily found that over 80 percent of people supported fireworks during Spring Festival. The festival is the most important holiday on the Chinese calendar. 

官方《北京青年报》的一项在线民意调查发现，超过80%的人支持春节期间燃放烟花爆竹。 这个节日是中国历法上最重要的节日。 

Some also said the ban was ironic after the United Nations recently named the Spring Festival an official holiday, a move supported by Chinese officials. 

一些人还表示，联合国最近将春节定为法定假日，此举得到了中国官员的支持，这一禁令具有讽刺意味。 

"The Spring Festival belongs to the world, but China's is almost gone," wrote another Weibo user. 

另一位微博用户写道：“春节是全世界的，但中国的已经快没了。” 

Southern Hunan province is a worldwide supplier of fireworks. Its exports totaled $579 million from January to November, state media reported. That number is far greater than domestic sales. 

湘南省是世界烟花爆竹的产地。 据官方媒体报道，今年 1 月至 11 月，其出口总额为 5.79 亿美元。 这个数字远远大于国内销量。

Imagine a field of ice more than twice the area of Greater London, but as thick as its skyscrapers are tall. This is A23a, current title holder of the world's biggest iceberg. 

想象一下，一片冰原的面积是大伦敦面积的两倍多，而它的厚度却只有伦敦摩天大楼的高度那么厚。这就是 A23a 冰山，目前世界上最大的冰山。 

Scientists have used radar pulses from a European Space Agency satellite to essentially take a tape measure to the colossus. The researchers from the UK Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling say the berg has lost quite a bit of mass since breaking away from the Antarctic coast in 1986, but it still tips the scales at 950 billion tonnes. 

科学家以欧洲航天局的一颗卫星发出的雷达脉冲为测量尺，对这座庞然大物进行了测量。英国极地观测和建模中心的研究人员表示，自1986年脱离南极海岸以来，这座冰山已经失去了大量的冰，但现在仍重达9500亿吨。 

As A23a moves north and warms in the coming weeks, its melt rate will accelerate, and it'll be dumping more fresh water into the ocean daily than is consumed by the entire UK population. 

在未来几周，随着 A23a 向北移动并逐渐处于更温暖的环境中，它的融化速度将会加快，融化造成其每天向海洋倾入的淡水量将比英国总人口每天消耗的还要多。 

词汇表

skyscrapers 摩天大楼
title holder 冠军头衔保持者
radar pulses 雷达脉冲
tape measure 卷尺
colossus 庞然大物
berg 冰山
mass （物理）质量
breaking away 脱离
tips the scales at 达到…重量
dumping 排放，倾入