In Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the Carnival is back. The Carnival is a week-long celebration marking the beginning of the Easter season in the Catholic church. Brazil’s federal government expects 46 million people to join the festivities that officially begin Friday and run through Feb. 22. It features many parades filled with music and samba dancing. Among them is a group from Turma da Paz de Madureira, or TPM, samba school. What makes TPM special is that it is the city’s first all-female samba school.

在巴西里约热内卢，狂欢节又回来了。狂欢节是为期一周的庆祝活动，标志着天主教堂复活节的开始。巴西联邦政府预计将有 4600 万人参加于周五正式开始并持续到 2 月 22 日的庆祝活动。庆祝活动包括许多充满音乐和桑巴舞的游行。其中有一群来自 Turma da Paz de Madureira，或 TPM，桑巴舞学校。 TPM 的特别之处在于它是该市第一所全女性桑巴舞学校。

In Brazil, it is rare for women to be leaders of samba groups. “The big samba schools are coordinated by men, which means women are used to receiving orders,” said Barbara Rigaud. She is the 54-year-old leader of the new TPM samba school. “Here, a woman can express her desires, her ideas, her opinions . . . it is empowering, “ Rigaud added.

在巴西，很少有女性担任桑巴舞团的领队。 “大型桑巴舞学校由男性协调，这意味着女性习惯于接受命令，”Barbara Rigaud 说。她是 54 岁的新 TPM 桑巴舞学校的负责人。 “在这里，女人可以表达她的愿望、她的想法、她的意见。 . .它正在赋权，”Rigaud 补充道。

TPM started in 2011 as a bloco, the name for musical groups that play in the streets during the Carnival season. Rigaud decided she wanted to take the women-only group further and compete in the city’s samba leagues. She won approval from city officials and the school was opened last September. It now has 320 members. However, the group is still a target of insults from some men. Gisele Rosires is one of several TPM drummers. “Men look me up and down, they think I’m not capable,” she said. She remembered her first performance with the school a year and a half ago in Madureira’s park. A man took the instrument from her and said, “You’re a woman, get out".

TPM 于 2011 年作为 bloco 开始，这是狂欢节期间在街头演奏的音乐团体的名称。 Rigaud 决定让女子组更进一步，参加该市的桑巴舞联赛。她获得了市政府官员的批准，学校于去年 9 月开学。它现在有320个成员。然而，该组织仍然是一些男性侮辱的目标。 Gisele Rosires 是几位 TPM 鼓手之一。 “男人上下打量我，他们认为我没有能力，”她说。她记得一年半前在马杜雷拉的公园里与学校的第一次表演。一个男人从她手里拿过乐器，说：“你是女人，滚出去"。

In Brazil, women make up the majority of the population, but they hold few positions of leadership in government and business. Women won only 18 percent of Lower House seats in the National Congress and an even smaller percentage in the Senate. Meanwhile, sexual attack and harassment continue to happen at Carnival’s street parties. However, over the last ten years, women have pushed back and spread the message “No means No!” For their first parade, on Feb. 19, TPM will honor Iansã, a female warrior of Candomblé. But parade rules require two men to lead the parade. Rigaud noted that “It has to be a man for now, until it changes, until this machismo ends.”

在巴西，女性占人口的大多数，但她们在政府和企业中担任的领导职位很少。女性在国民议会中仅赢得下议院席位的 18%，在参议院中所占比例甚至更低。与此同时，狂欢节的街头派对上，性侵和性骚扰事件不断发生。然而，在过去的十年里，女性们开始反击并传播“不就是不！”的信息。在 2 月 19 日的第一次游行中，TPM 将纪念 Candomblé 的女战士 Iansã。但游行规则要求两名男子领导游行。 Rigaud 指出，“现在必须是一个男人，直到它改变，直到这种大男子主义结束。”

TPM will compete in Rio’s lowest-level samba league. If the women perform well enough, they can climb to a higher level for next year’s parade. Already, Rigaud wants to reach the Sambodrome, where only the top schools compete. “We’re not here to play around,” Rigaud said. “We’re here to fight, to win.”

TPM将参加里约最低级别的桑巴联赛。如果女性表现足够好，她们可以在明年的游行中更上一层楼。 Rigaud 已经想要到达 Sambodrome，只有顶尖学校才能参加比赛。 “我们不是来这里玩耍的，”里戈说。 “我们来这里是为了战斗，为了胜利。”

Our planet is heating up due to something called the greenhouse effect. This is one of the reasons why Earth is seeing more extreme weather events, such as heatwaves, forest fires and floods each year. But what exactly is the greenhouse effect, and what can we do to reduce it?

由于称为温室效应的现象，我们的星球正在升温。这就是为什么地球每年都会发生更多极端天气事件，例如热浪、森林火灾和洪水的原因之一。但究竟什么是温室效应，我们可以做些什么来减少它呢？

Let's first think about a greenhouse – you may have one in your garden! It's a glass structure that protects plants against low temperatures by trapping heat inside. But, while this helps your plants grow, Earth is trapping heat in the same way, and it's causing global warming. When fossil fuels, such as coal, oil and gas, are burnt for power, carbon dioxide is released as a waste product. It enters the atmosphere and acts like a blanket around the planet, which means heat radiation can't escape and the temperature increases.

让我们首先考虑温室——您的花园中可能有一个！它是一种玻璃结构，通过将热量收集在内部来保护植物免受低温影响。但是，虽然这有助于植物生长，但地球也在以同样的方式吸收热量，并导致全球变暖。燃烧煤炭、石油和天然气等化石燃料发电时，会释放出二氧化碳作为废物。它进入大气层并像毯子一样包裹着地球，这意味着热辐射无法逸出，温度升高。

The impact of gases on the Earth's climate was first investigated in the 1820s. Eunice Foote, a scientist and women's rights activist, tested the effects of sunlight on different gases that she put into glass cylinders. Her results showed that carbon dioxide traps heat more than other gases. The idea of the greenhouse effect was born.

气体对地球气候的影响最早是在 1820 年代研究的。科学家和妇女权利活动家尤尼斯·富特 (Eunice Foote) 测试了阳光对她放入玻璃瓶中的不同气体的影响。她的研究结果表明，二氧化碳比其他气体更能吸收热量。温室效应的想法诞生了。

So, what can we do to reduce the greenhouse effect? The UN recommends using more energy-efficient electrical appliances at home and switching to LED lightbulbs. Also, by washing your clothes at 30° instead of a higher temperature, around 40% less electricity is used over a year, according to the Energy Saving Trust. A change in diet is also something to consider. The charity A Well-Fed World, claim that plant-based foods, as opposed to meat and dairy, need less land and water to be produced. So, switching saves energy and lowers emissions, which contribute to climate change. We only have one planet, so let's try and take care of it as much as we can.

那么，我们可以做些什么来减少温室效应呢？联合国建议在家中使用更节能的电器，并改用 LED 灯泡。此外，根据 Energy Saving Trust 的数据，通过在 30° 而不是更高的温度下洗涤衣服，一年内的用电量减少了大约 40%。饮食的改变也是需要考虑的事情。慈善机构 A Well-Fed World 声称，与肉类和奶制品相比，植物性食品需要更少的土地和水来生产。因此，转换可以节省能源并减少排放，从而导致气候变化。我们只有一个星球，所以让我们尽可能多地照顾它。

Most of us would agree that being healthy is important. We are inundated with articles in health magazines talking about the latest fad diets, or adverts that offer potential miracle cures for obesity that are often too good to be true. One of the latest crazes is fasting, often referred to as intermittent fasting. But what is it? And how can it help us to lose weight?

我们大多数人都会同意健康很重要。我们淹没在健康杂志上谈论最新时尚饮食的文章，或提供潜在的肥胖奇迹疗法的广告，这些广告往往好得令人难以置信。最新的狂热之一是禁食，通常被称为间歇性禁食。但它是什么？它如何帮助我们减肥？

Fasting refers to a period of abstinence from consuming food. The idea of intermittent fasting is to reduce calories over a certain number of days or hours rather than a sustained period. It has been linked to longevity and generally improved health. It also helps those interested in keeping off the weight or dropping a few pounds. There are also different ways to fast. For example, in the 5:2 diet, you eat normally on five days of a week and reduce your calorie intake on the other two. Then there's a restricted-hours diet that sees people only eating during a limited part of the day, for example, over eight hours. But is it for everyone? Well, before we get to that, let's look at some of the possible benefits.

禁食是指一段时间内不进食。间歇性禁食的想法是在一定的天数或小时内减少卡路里，而不是持续一段时间。它与长寿和普遍改善健康有关。它还可以帮助那些有兴趣保持体重或减掉几磅的人。也有不同的禁食方式。例如，在 5:2 饮食法中，您每周有 5 天正常进食，而减少其他两天的卡路里摄入量。然后是限时饮食，人们只在一天中的有限时间内进食，例如八小时以上。但它适合所有人吗？好吧，在我们开始之前，让我们看看一些可能的好处。

A study published on the National Library of Medicine website suggests that intermittent fasting may help with the control of blood sugar and potentially lower the risk of diabetes. However, more research on this is needed. Other studies have claimed that some form of intermittent fasting may help to prevent some diseases, aid with metabolism, slow the ageing process, support brain function, and help to shed weight.

国家医学图书馆网站上发表的一项研究表明，间歇性禁食可能有助于控制血糖并可能降低患糖尿病的风险。但是，需要对此进行更多研究。其他研究声称，某种形式的间歇性禁食可能有助于预防某些疾病、帮助新陈代谢、减缓衰老过程、支持大脑功能并帮助减轻体重。

And what about the downsides? Well, this diet is not for everyone. Fasting might not suit those who are underweight or with a long-term medical condition. Fasting may cause some people to experience symptoms such as headaches or make them prone to overeating after a reduced calorie intake day. As with many diets, it's always wise to speak to your doctor or weight loss professional before changing your eating habits. And, at the end of the day, it could just come down to what lifestyle choice suits you.

那么缺点呢？好吧，这种饮食并不适合所有人。禁食可能不适合体重过轻或患有长期疾病的人。禁食可能会导致一些人出现头痛等症状，或者使他们在卡路里摄入量减少的一天后容易暴饮暴食。与许多饮食一样，在改变您的饮食习惯之前咨询您的医生或减肥专家总是明智的。而且，在一天结束时，它可能只是归结为适合您的生活方式选择。

词汇表

inundate 使应接不暇
fad 一时的风尚
miracle cure 灵丹妙药
obesity 肥胖
too good to be true 好得令人难以置信，好到不像真的
craze 风靡一时的事物
intermittent fasting 间歇性禁食
abstinence 节制
consume 吃，喝
longevity 长寿
keep off the weight 保持体重
drop a few pounds 减重
intake 摄入量
blood sugar 血糖
metabolism 新陈代谢
ageing process 衰老的过程
brain function 大脑功能
shed weight 减重
underweight 过瘦的，体重不足的
prone to 有…倾向的，易于
overeat 过量饮食，吃得过饱

For many of us, our closest encounter with wild animals is at a zoo. These places allow us to observe the behaviours and characteristics of amazing creatures from big cats to tiny amphibians. It's an enjoyable and educational experience for us, but is it the best environment for the animals?

对于我们中的许多人来说，与野生动物最亲密的接触是在动物园。这些地方让我们能够观察到从大型猫科动物到小型两栖动物的惊人生物的行为和特征。这对我们来说是一种愉快的教育体验，但它是动物最好的环境吗？

A long time ago, people could only see wild animals as stuffed dead exhibits in a museum. Later, live animals were captured by explorers, brought home and put on show to the public in menageries – animal welfare was not a priority. But modern zoos and wildlife parks have transformed the conditions and environments for animals, making bigger enclosures, removing bars, and, to some extent, mimicking their natural habitats.

很久以前，人们只能在博物馆里看到野生动物作为标本陈列品。后来，活体动物被探险家捕获，带回家并在动物园向公众展示——动物福利不是优先事项。但现代动物园和野生动物园已经改变了动物的条件和环境，建造了更大的围栏，拆除了栏杆，并在某种程度上模仿了它们的自然栖息地。

Some people have questioned the cruelty of keeping animals captive and using them just for entertainment, but zoos are keen to show they are here to help wildlife by educating us about conservation. In the UK, the introduction of The Zoo Licensing Act 1981 also required zoos to educate the public. Well-managed zoos are now also involved in supporting and funding conservation programmes.

有些人质疑圈养动物并仅将它们用于娱乐的残忍行为，但动物园热衷于表明他们来这里是为了通过教育我们保护野生动物来帮助野生动物。在英国，1981 年动物园许可法的出台也要求动物园对公众进行教育。管理良好的动物园现在也参与支持和资助保护计划。

Probably the biggest claim from zoos today is that they help to protect species that are under threat in the wild due to climate change. Robert Young, Chair in Wildlife Conservation at Salford University says: "There are quite a lot of different species around the planet which we wouldn't have today if it wasn't for zoos." Some zoos have captive breeding programmes which help to preserve the future of species that would otherwise face extinction. Actor Leonardo DiCaprio recently praised Chester Zoo in the UK for its conservation work. It brought a "rare fish species back from the dead" after breeding and releasing a school of golden skiffia fish back into their native river.

当今动物园最大的主张可能是它们有助于保护因气候变化而在野外受到威胁的物种。索尔福德大学野生动物保护主席罗伯特·扬 (Robert Young) 说：“地球上有很多不同的物种，如果没有动物园，我们今天就不会拥有这些物种。”一些动物园有圈养繁殖计划，这有助于保护可能面临灭绝的物种的未来。演员莱昂纳多迪卡普里奥最近赞扬了英国切斯特动物园的保护工作。在繁殖了一群金色的 skifia 鱼并将其放回它们的原生河流后，它带来了一种“死而复生的稀有鱼类”

While the debate about having zoos continues, new opportunities to meet wildlife are being explored, such as using virtual reality, and Jon Coe, a zoo designer, told the BBC: "Taking a walk through a herd of elephants in the Serengeti, I think, is going to be possible pretty soon."

虽然关于拥有动物园的争论仍在继续，但人们正在探索接触野生动物的新机会，例如使用虚拟现实，动物园设计师乔恩·科 (Jon Coe) 告诉 BBC：“在塞伦盖蒂 (Serengeti) 的一群大象中散步，我认为，很快就会成为可能。”

词汇表

encounter 不期而遇，偶然相遇
creature 动物，生物
big cat 大型猫科动物
amphibian 两栖动物
environment 环境
stuffed （动物）制成标本的
menagerie （供私人收藏或公众观赏的）野生动物园
animal welfare 动物保护
wildlife park 野生动物园
enclosure 围场
natural habitat 自然栖息地
captive 圈养的
conservation （动物）保护
fund 资助
species 物种
in the wild 在野生环境中
breeding （动物）繁殖，饲养
extinction 灭绝
golden skiffia 弗氏斯基法鳉
native 原地的，土生的
herd 兽群

A recent study says there are enough rare earth metals on Earth for new “low-carbon electricity generation” technologies. Rare earth metals come from minerals found in countries around the world. The researchers said more mining is needed to make more of the valuable metals available to industry. Rare earth metals are in demand for products such as magnets, wind turbines, solar panels and computers. All are part of the “green energy” push to remove carbon gases from electricity generation. The researchers said the amount of minerals available is enough to supply a switch to renewable energy. They wrote that the carbon gasses “related to electricity infrastructure may be substantial.” But the study said it would be between one and nine percent of the world’s budget for carbon gas production.

最近的一项研究表明，地球上有足够的稀土金属用于新的“低碳发电”技术。稀土金属来自世界各国发现的矿物。研究人员表示，需要进行更多的开采才能为工业提供更多有价值的金属。磁铁、风力涡轮机、太阳能电池板和计算机等产品对稀土金属有需求。所有这些都是推动从发电中去除碳气体的“绿色能源”的一部分。研究人员表示，可用的矿物质数量足以提供向可再生能源的转换。他们写道，“与电力基础设施相关的碳气体可能很多。”但该研究称，这将占世界碳气体生产预算的 1% 到 9%。

The study came out recently in the science publication Joule. Zeke Hausfather helped write the study. He is an expert who works at a technology company called Stripe and at Berkeley Earth, a non-profit climate research group. He called the process “big and messy.” But he thinks reducing carbon gases, or “decarbonization,” can be done. He said he is not worried about the long-term supply of rare earth materials. However, the scientists warn that in the early days of the switch to green energy, there will be shortages. For example, there could be a shortage of the element called dysprosium. It is used to make strong magnets. Industry will require three times more of the metal than is produced now. However, there is 12 times more dysprosium available than needed, the researchers said.

这项研究最近发表在科学出版物《焦耳》上。Zeke Hausfather 帮助撰写了这项研究。他是一名专家，在一家名为 Stripe 的科技公司和非营利性气候研究组织 Berkeley Earth 工作。他称这个过程“庞大而混乱”。但他认为减少碳气体或“脱碳”是可以做到的。他表示，他并不担心稀土材料的长期供应。然而，科学家们警告说，在转向绿色能源的初期，会出现短缺。例如，称为镝的元素可能会短缺。用于制造强力磁铁。工业对这种金属的需求量将是现在生产量的三倍。然而，研究人员表示，可用镝是所需量的 12 倍。

Another element is tellurium, which is used in large groups of solar panels, called solar farms. There is just enough of that material available if the world makes a fast push to solar power, the researchers said. In addition, there are other materials that can be used instead of tellurium if needed. Daniel Ibarra is an environment professor at Brown University. He did not take part in the study but knows about lithium shortages. He told the Associated Press that the study was “robust” and “debunks” concerns about running out of rare earth materials. He said the main question is if production of the materials can keep up with demand. The United States Geological Survey reports that the countries with the largest supplies of rare earth metals are China, Vietnam, Russia and Myanmar, also known as Burma. The study also noted that mining causes pollution. But the scientists said that if the world switches to green energy, the mining will not be a problem.

另一种元素是碲，用于大量太阳能电池板，称为太阳能农场。研究人员说，如果世界快速推动太阳能发电，那么可用的材料就足够了。此外，如果需要，还有其他材料可以代替碲。丹尼尔·伊巴拉 (Daniel Ibarra) 是布朗大学的环境教授。他没有参加这项研究，但知道锂短缺。他告诉美联社，这项研究是“稳健的”并且“揭穿”了对稀土材料耗尽的担忧。他说，主要问题是材料的生产能否满足需求。美国地质调查局报告称，稀土金属供应量最大的国家是中国、越南、俄罗斯和缅甸，又称缅甸。该研究还指出，采矿会造成污染。但科学家们表示，如果世界转向绿色能源，采矿将不会成为问题。

Rob Jackson is an energy expert and studies how humans affect the earth, but was not involved in the study. He is a professor at Stanford University. He said even with evidence that there are enough rare earth materials, humans should still be concerned with creating less pollution. “Along with mining more, we should be using less,” he said. The study centered on the creation of electric power and did not look at the materials used in electric car batteries. Hausfather said that study is too complicated and will be examined by the team next.

Rob Jackson 是一位能源专家，研究人类如何影响地球，但他没有参与这项研究。他是斯坦福大学的教授。他说，即使有证据表明有足够的稀土材料，人类仍然应该关注减少污染。“随着开采更多，我们应该减少使用，”他说。该研究以电力的创造为中心，并没有研究电动汽车电池中使用的材料。Hausfather 说这项研究太复杂了，接下来将由团队进行检查。

A new museum in Mexico aims to educate the public about the critically endangered axolotl salamander. The museum recently opened at Chapultepec Zoo in Mexico City. The axolotl is native only to Mexico. The animal is extremely endangered in the wild because its natural environment is increasingly threatened.The salamander has captured wide attention for its ability to heal itself when its body gets harmed. For example, the animal can regrow legs and damaged tissue. It can even repair problems affecting the heart and brain.

墨西哥的一家新博物馆旨在向公众宣传极度濒危的蝾螈。该博物馆最近在墨西哥城的查普尔特佩克动物园开放。蝾螈原产于墨西哥。由于其自然环境日益受到威胁，这种动物在野外极度濒危。 蝾螈因其在身体受到伤害时能够自愈而受到广泛关注。例如，动物可以再生腿和受损组织。它甚至可以修复影响心脏和大脑的问题。

Scientists have also documented how the salamander can breathe with lungs and gills. It can also take in oxygen through its skin. This can cause problems if the animal comes in contact with polluted water. "They are one of the few animals that can regenerate their skin, muscles, bones, blood vessels, nerves, heart, brain," said Fernando Gual, a conservation official at the zoo. Speaking about the museum, Gual said he sees it as a valuable tool to inform citizens about the unusual creature. "A hugely important part of this space is environmental education," he said.

科学家们还记录了蝾螈如何用肺和鳃呼吸。它还可以通过皮肤吸收氧气。如果动物接触到被污染的水，这可能会导致问题。 “它们是少数能够再生皮肤、肌肉、骨骼、血管、神经、心脏和大脑的动物之一，”动物园保护官员费尔南多·瓜尔 (Fernando Gual) 说。谈到博物馆，Gual 说他认为这是一个有价值的工具，可以让市民了解这种不寻常的生物。 “这个领域的一个非常重要的部分是环境教育，”他说。

In Aztec tradition, a rebel god named Xolotl turned himself into an axolotl to hide and avoid being killed by his other gods. But the god was still discovered, captured and killed. Axolotl salamanders were also commonly eaten by Aztec kings. The axolotl that is native to Mexico City's southern Xochimilco area is especially well-known. But Gual noted that 16 other kinds of axolotls also call Mexico home.

在阿兹特克的传统中，一位名叫 Xolotl 的反叛神为了躲藏起来避免被他的其他神杀死，将自己变成了一条蝾螈。但是神还是被发现了，被俘虏了，被杀了。阿兹特克国王也常吃蝾螈。原产于墨西哥城南部霍奇米尔科地区的蝾螈尤为出名。但 Gual 指出，还有 16 种其他种类的蝾螈也以墨西哥为家。

In the past, axolotls did very well in Xochimilco's muddy canals. The canals are the only remaining part of a once large waterway system dating back to Aztec times. But studies have shown the spread of cities, polluted water and non-native fish that eat the salamanders have led to their near-total collapse. Still, Xochimilco still holds nearly 11 percent of Mexico's biodiversity, Gual said. The term biodiversity describes the number and kinds of plants and animals that exist in a particular area. With Mexico’s 370 different kinds of amphibians, the country ranks number 5 in biodiversity worldwide.

过去，蝾螈在霍奇米尔科泥泞的运河中生活得很好。这些运河是可追溯到阿兹特克时代的曾经庞大的水道系统中仅存的部分。但研究表明，城市的扩张、污染的水域和以蝾螈为食的外来鱼类导致它们几乎完全崩溃。 Gual 说，霍奇米尔科仍然拥有墨西哥近 11% 的生物多样性。生物多样性一词描述了特定地区存在的植物和动物的数量和种类。墨西哥拥有 370 种不同种类的两栖动物，该国在全球生物多样性方面排名第五。

As the museum opened to its first visitors, the axolotl's popularity with the public was very clear. "The truth is I'm very, very, very, very excited to be able to see how they eat, how they live, just how they are," said one visitor named Fernando. The man, who did not want to give his last name, showed off a small axolotl tattoo he had on his arm. "I'm marked for life," he said.

随着博物馆向第一批游客开放，蝾螈在公众中的受欢迎程度显而易见。一位名叫费尔南多的游客说：“事实上，我非常、非常、非常、非常兴奋能够看到他们如何吃东西、如何生活以及他们是怎样的。”这名不愿透露姓氏的男子展示了他手臂上的一个小蝾螈纹身。 “我被终身标记，”他说。

Indoor plants are a beautiful way to brighten up your home, especially in the gray months of winter. But there can be a dark side to houseplants if you have children or if children visit your home. It is important that you know which plants are toxic to young, curious humans.↳ Gardening expert Jessica Damiano recently wrote about the issue for The Associated Press. She said she often points out houseplants in friends’ homes that should be kept out of children’s mouths. “I don’t mind dashing friends’ hopes of an Instagram-worthy indoor jungle if it means…preventing harm,” Damiano wrote.

室内植物是照亮您家的美丽方式，尤其是在灰蒙蒙的冬天。但是，如果您有孩子或孩子来您家，盆栽植物可能会有阴暗面。了解哪些植物对好奇的年轻人有毒很重要。↳ 园艺专家杰西卡·达米亚诺 (Jessica Damiano) 最近为美联社撰写了有关该问题的文章。她说她经常指出朋友家里的室内植物应该远离孩子的嘴。达米亚诺写道：“如果这意味着……防止伤害，我不介意打破朋友们对 Instagram 价值室内丛林的希望。”

Kaitlyn Brown works at America’s Poison Centers in Arlington, Virginia. She told the AP, “We get an average of 33,000 calls a year from people whose kids put different plants in their mouths.” She added that the cases usually involve children under 3, “because they explore their environment," she said, "and they put everything in their mouths.”↳ Most accidental exposures are not serious, Brown said. But in some cases a child’s breathing, skin and eyes can be badly harmed.

凯特琳·布朗 (Kaitlyn Brown) 在弗吉尼亚州阿灵顿的美国毒物中心工作。她告诉美联社，“我们平均每年接到 33,000 个电话，这些电话来自那些孩子把不同植物放进嘴里的人。”她补充说，这些病例通常涉及 3 岁以下的儿童，“因为他们探索他们的环境，”她说，“他们把所有东西都放在嘴里。”↳ 大多数意外接触并不严重，布朗说。但在某些情况下，孩子的呼吸、皮肤和眼睛可能会受到严重伤害。

Damiano wrote that she recently visited her cousin’s home and saw a Dieffenbachia plant in the kitchen. Her cousin told her that her young son, who had just begun crawling, had shown interest in the leaves. Damiano had to explain to her cousin that eating a small amount of the plant’s stem can cause temporary but severe pain. The plant parts can cause throat and mouth swelling. The plant’s sap can cause nose, skin and eye pain. Other plants that can cause similar reactions include: Caladium, flamingo flower, Swiss cheese plant, peace lily, ZZ plant, philodendron and pothos.

达米亚诺写道，她最近拜访了她堂兄的家，在厨房里看到了一株万年青。她的堂兄告诉她，她刚开始爬行的小儿子对树叶表现出了兴趣。达米亚诺不得不向她的表妹解释说，食用少量这种植物的茎会导致暂时但剧烈的疼痛。植物部分会导致喉咙和口腔肿胀。这种植物的汁液会导致鼻子、皮肤和眼睛疼痛。其他可引起类似反应的植物包括：贝母、火烈鸟花、瑞士奶酪植物、和平百合、ZZ 植物、蔓绿绒和绿萝。

Amaryllis and its relatives including clivia and daffodil, contain lycorine, a toxic substance that can cause a range of stomach issues. Damiano wrote that parents should teach their young children not to put non-food plant parts into their mouths. Parents should also educate themselves, she said. She urges parents to research whether the plants in their homes are safe to grow around children. She also suggests learning the official botanical names of any houseplants so that they are able to provide that information quickly to a poison control expert, if needed.

孤挺花及其近亲，包括君子兰和水仙花，都含有石蒜碱，这是一种可引起一系列胃病的有毒物质。达米亚诺写道，父母应该教导年幼的孩子不要将非食用植物部分放入口中。她说，父母也应该自我教育。她敦促父母研究他们家中的植物在儿童周围生长是否安全。她还建议了解任何室内植物的官方植物学名称，以便他们能够在需要时迅速向毒物控制专家提供该信息。

Not all houseplants are problematic, of course. Spider plants (Chlorophytum comosum) are nontoxic and are also among the easiest indoor plants to grow. African violets, Boston ferns, Christmas cactus, waxplants, parlor palms, radiator plants, prayer plants and baby’s tears are other safe choices.

当然，并非所有的室内植物都有问题。吊兰（Chlorophytum comosum）无毒，也是最容易种植的室内植物之一。非洲紫罗兰、波士顿蕨类植物、圣诞仙人掌、蜡科植物、客厅棕榈、散热器植物、祈祷植物和婴儿的眼泪是其他安全的选择。

February 12 is not a holiday in the United States, but it may seem like one to many Americans because of one big game. Tens of millions of Americans will gather for parties at restaurants and homes around the nation. They will enjoy food and drink together. Then, these families and friends, in groups of all sizes, will settle around televisions. It is Super Bowl Sunday in America.

2 月 12 日在美国不是假期，但对许多美国人来说可能会因为一场大型比赛而显得很特别。数以千万计的美国人将聚集在全国各地的餐馆和家中参加派对。他们将一起享受美食和美酒。然后，这些大小不一的家庭和朋友将围坐在电视机旁 这是美国的超级碗星期天。

The Super Bowl is the yearly championship game of the National Football League, or NFL. The game is many things. It is usually the most-watched television program of the year. It is the biggest event for television advertisers. And halfway through the game, play stops for a performance from some of the biggest names in the music industry. This year it is Rihanna.

超级碗是美国国家橄榄球联盟 (National Football League) 或 NFL 的年度冠军赛。游戏有很多东西。它通常是一年中收视率最高的电视节目。对于电视广告商来说，这是最大的盛会。游戏进行到一半时，音乐界一些知名人士的表演将停止。今年是蕾哈娜。

Sunday will be the 57th Super Bowl. The Philadelphia Eagles and the Kansas City Chiefs are to face each other in Glendale, Arizona. The NFL’s 32 member teams played a 17-game season and then top teams competed in playoff games to earn a chance at the championship. Both teams have long histories and loyal fans. The Chiefs have appeared in the Super Bowl four other times and came away champions in 1970 and 2020.↳ The Eagles have won the Super Bowl once, in 2018. Sunday will be the team’s fourth appearance in the championship.

周日将是第 57 届超级碗。费城老鹰队和堪萨斯城酋长队将在亚利桑那州格伦代尔迎战。 NFL 的 32 个成员球队打了 17 场比赛，然后顶级球队参加季后赛以赢得冠军。两支球队都拥有悠久的历史和忠实的球迷。酋长队另外四次出现在超级碗中，并在 1970 年和 2020 年夺得冠军。↳ 老鹰队在 2018 年赢得过一次超级碗。周日将是球队第四次参加冠军赛。

This year’s Super Bowl is getting attention for a special reason. For the first time, Black quarterbacks will lead both teams on the field. Eagles coach Nick Sirianni is happy about that.“I’m really excited for both quarterbacks, what they can represent to a ton of kids,” Sirianni said at a media event this week. “They both play at the highest level,” he added. Patrick Mahomes is the quarterback of the Chiefs. He led the team to its most recent Super Bowl championship. The 27-year-old football player told reporters that this game was important for Black people.

今年的超级碗之所以受到关注是有特殊原因的。黑人四分卫将首次带领两支球队上场。老鹰队教练尼克西里安尼对此很高兴。“我为这两位四分卫感到非常兴奋，他们可以代表很多孩子，”西里安尼在本周的一次媒体活动中说。 “他们都在最高水平上发挥，”他补充道。帕特里克马霍姆斯是酋长队的四分卫。他带领球队获得了最近的超级碗冠军。这位 27 岁的足球运动员告诉记者，这场比赛对黑人来说很重要。

“I think about it a lot,” he said. “The quarterbacks that came before me — Shack Harris, Doug Williams — that laid the foundation for me to be in this position.” He is also looking to the future. “How can we motivate kids who are younger, who want to follow their dreams to be a quarterback?” Mahomes asked. His opponent, Eagles quarterback Jalen Hurts, also spoke to reporters this week about how special this Super Bowl is.

“我想了很多，”他说。 “在我之前的四分卫——沙克哈里斯、道格威廉姆斯——为我担任这个位置奠定了基础。”他也在展望未来。 “我们如何激励那些想追逐梦想成为四分卫的年轻孩子？”马霍姆斯问道。他的对手老鹰队四分卫贾伦赫茨本周也向记者谈到了这个超级碗有多么特别。

“So many African American quarterbacks have played this game, and for the first time for two to go head-to-head, that's uplifting for the next generations of quarterbacks,” said the 24-year-old. “Texas, Louisiana, wherever across the world, regardless of what someone might say or have an opinion about you, you can do it, too.”

“这么多非裔美国四分卫都参加过这场比赛，而且这是第一次有两人正面交锋，这对下一代四分卫来说是令人振奋的，”这位 24 岁的球员说。 “得克萨斯州、路易斯安那州，无论在世界的任何地方，无论别人对你说什么或有什么看法，你都可以做到。”

A recently released study says the average yearly temperature on Greenland has increased by 1.5 degree Celsius above the average for the 20th century for a 15-year period ending in 2011. Scientists used examples of Greenland’s ice to get information about temperatures from hundreds of years in the past. Until recently, Greenland’s ice cores had not shown a clear sign of warming on the remotest north-central part of the island. Those findings were based on cores from 1995. Researchers involved in the recent study examined cores that were drilled in 2011. They said their work showed a rise in temperature in the previous 15 years. The German researchers published their study in Nature.

最近发布的一项研究表明，在截至 2011 年的 15 年里，格陵兰岛的年平均气温比 20 世纪的平均气温高 1.5 摄氏度。过去。直到最近，格陵兰岛最偏远的中北部地区的冰芯还没有显示出明显的变暖迹象。这些发现基于 1995 年的岩心。参与最近研究的研究人员检查了 2011 年钻探的岩心。他们说，他们的工作表明过去 15 年温度有所上升。德国研究人员在《自然》杂志上发表了他们的研究。

Maria Hoerhold, the study's lead writer, said this a clear signal of climate change. “We keep on (seeing) rising temperatures between 1990s and 2011,” she said. Hoerhold is a glaciologist at the Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany. “We have now a clear signature of global warming.”↳ Scientists take years to study ice core data. Hoerhold has new cores from 2019. But she has not finished studying them. She expects the temperature rise to continue. The study said Greenland's ice sheet and glaciers have been melting.

该研究的主要作者 Maria Hoerhold 表示，这是气候变化的一个明显信号。 “从 1990 年代到 2011 年，我们一直（看到）气温上升，”她说。 Hoerhold 是德国阿尔弗雷德韦格纳研究所的冰川学家。 “我们现在有了全球变暖的明显迹象。”↳ 科学家们花了数年时间研究冰芯数据。 Hoerhold 从 2019 年开始有了新的核心。但她还没有完成对它们的研究。她预计气温会继续上升。该研究称，格陵兰岛的冰盖和冰川一直在融化。

Information from ice cores has been used to estimate temperatures in Greenland from the year 1000 to 2011. Scientific models suggest average temperatures fell a little for the first 800 years of that period. Temperatures then increase a little and then go down until a sudden increase from the 1990s until 2011. The increase in temperatures after 1995 was much larger than pre-industrial times before the mid-19th century. There is an “almost zero” chance that it is anything but human-caused climate change, Hoerhold said. Hoerhold said Greenland’s natural weather changes in the past had hidden human-caused climate change. But, as of about 25 years ago, the warming became too big to be hidden, she said.

来自冰芯的信息已被用于估计格陵兰岛从 1000 年到 2011 年的温度。科学模型表明，该时期的前 800 年平均温度略有下降。从 1990 年代到 2011 年，气温略有上升，然后下降，直到突然上升。1995 年之后的气温上升幅度远大于 19 世纪中叶之前的工业化前时期。 Hoerhold 说，这不是人为造成的气候变化的可能性“几乎为零”。霍尔霍尔德说，格陵兰岛过去的自然天气变化隐藏了人为造成的气候变化。但是，大约 25 年前，变暖变得太大而无法隐藏，她说。

Scientists say past data shows that Greenland is not warming as fast as the rest of the Arctic, the extreme northern part of the world. Some scientists suggest the temperature of the Arctic is now increasing at a rate four times faster than the average world temperature is. Hoerhold and scientists not involved in the research said the new warming data is bad because Greenland’s ice is melting. The study ends with data from 2011. Hoerhold said that, in the following year, a lot of ice melted across Greenland, and the island’s ice loss has been high since then.

科学家们说，过去的数据表明，格陵兰岛变暖的速度不如北极其他地区，即世界最北部地区。一些科学家认为，北极的温度现在正在以比世界平均温度快四倍的速度上升。 Hoerhold 和未参与该研究的科学家表示，新的变暖数据很糟糕，因为格陵兰岛的冰层正在融化。该研究以 2011 年的数据结束。Hoerhold 说，第二年，格陵兰岛上的大量冰融化，此后岛上的冰流失量一直很高。

Jason Box is a scientist with the Danish Meteorological Institute. He said, “We should be very concerned about North Greenland warming because that region has a dozen sleeping giants in the form of wide tidewater glaciers and an ice stream.” As temperatures continue to get warmer, more ice will melt in Greenland, he said. Twila Moon is a scientist with the U.S. National Snow and Ice Data Center. Melting glaciers in Greenland means “rising seas that threaten homes, businesses, economies and communities," she said.

Jason Box 是丹麦气象研究所的科学家。他说：“我们应该非常关注北格陵兰岛变暖，因为该地区有十几个沉睡的巨人，以宽阔的潮水冰川和冰流的形式出现。”他说，随着气温继续变暖，格陵兰岛将有更多的冰融化。 Twila Moon 是美国国家冰雪数据中心的科学家。她说，格陵兰岛冰川融化意味着“海平面上升威胁着家庭、企业、经济和社区”。

The actor Ke Huy Quan has traveled an often-changing path on his way to America’s most important movie honors, the Academy Awards. The 51-year-old was nominated for an Oscar for his performance in the 2022 film, Everything Everywhere All at Once. Few Oscar nominees this year have gone as far to reach the Academy Awards as Quan. Born in Vietnam, he and his family fled that country in 1978. They settled in California.

演员 Ke Huy Quan 在获得美国最重要的电影荣誉奥斯卡金像奖的道路上走过了一条经常变化的道路。这位 51 岁的演员因其在 2022 年电影《一切都在同一时间》中的表演而获得奥斯卡提名。今年很少有奥斯卡提名人能像权一样获得奥斯卡金像奖。他和家人出生于越南，1978 年逃离该国。他们在加利福尼亚定居。

As a child, he starred in two of the most popular films of the 1980s. Quan played the characters Short Round in Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom and Data in The Goonies. But after this early success, Quan struggled to find work as an adult. The film industry had few parts for Asian-American actors. The actor went to film school, and later began working behind the camera. He left his dreams of acting in the past, mostly. But Everything Everywhere All at Once changed it all for Quan. The movie leads the 2023 Academy Awards race with 11 Oscar nominations. That includes the award for best picture. Quan is now living the dream he thought he had surrendered. The actor spoke recently with the Associated Press about the experience.

小时候，他主演了 1980 年代两部最受欢迎的电影。Quan 在 Indiana Jones 中扮演 Short Round 角色，在 The Goonies 中扮演 Doom 和 Data 角色。但在取得了早期的成功之后，全成年后很难找到工作。电影业几乎没有亚裔美国演员的角色。演员去了电影学校，后来开始在镜头后面工作。他大部分时间都放弃了演戏的梦想。但是 Everything Everywhere All On Once 改变了 Quan 的一切。这部电影以 11 项奥斯卡提名领跑 2023 年奥斯卡颁奖典礼。其中包括最佳影片奖。权现在实现了他认为已经放弃的梦想。这位演员最近与美联社谈到了这段经历。

“When I heard the nomination, I jumped up and I screamed so loud,” he said. “It just seemed so far-fetched. Especially when I had to step away from acting for so many years, that dream seemed like it was dead.” Quan was thankful for the support. But he had been afraid about returning to acting. “The last time they saw me up on the screen, I was a little kid. Now, I'm a middle-aged man,” he said.

“当我听到提名时，我跳了起来，大声尖叫，”他说。“这看起来太牵强了。尤其是当我不得不离开演艺圈这么多年的时候，那个梦想就像死了一样。” Quan 对支持表示感谢。但他一直害怕重返演艺圈。“他们最后一次在银幕上看到我时，我还是个小孩。现在，我是一个中年男人，”他说。

“Ever since our movie came out, they have shown me nothing but love and kindness,” Quan said. “This has been a wild and unbelievable ride. I didn't expect any of this. But I do hope that my story inspires them to not give up on their dreams.” The Academy Awards will take place in Hollywood, California on March 12.

“自从我们的电影上映以来，他们给我的只有爱和善意，”全说。“这是一次狂野而令人难以置信的旅程。我没想到这一切。但我确实希望我的故事能激励他们不要放弃自己的梦想。”奥斯卡颁奖典礼将于 3 月 12 日在加利福尼亚州好莱坞举行。