For many of us, sandwiches are something simple. Something we can take to work or school to avoid having to cook lunch, something we can buy quickly and cheaply. For many of us, we don't even need to stop working to eat them. Sandwiches could possibly be the ultimate convenience food. 

对于我们许多人来说，三明治是很简单的事情。我们可以带去上班或上学，以避免做饭，我们可以快速而便宜地购买一些东西。对于我们许多人来说，我们甚至不需要停止工作就能吃它们。三明治可能是最终的方便食品。 

But now it seems people are realising that the humble sandwich can be so much more. There's nothing convenient about waiting an hour and paying five times the price of a supermarket sarnie, but that's exactly what customers at one London sandwich shop have been doing. What is it that makes people so keen to get their hands on these £12 sandwiches? 

但现在人们似乎开始意识到，不起眼的三明治可以有更多的用途。等待一个小时并支付超市三明治价格五倍的价格并不方便，但这正是伦敦一家三明治店的顾客一直在做的事情。是什么让人们如此热衷于购买这款 12 英镑的三明治？ 

Firstly, it's the ingredients. As baking has become more popular, good quality bread is both available and expected. The brains behind many of these gourmet sandwich shops are often people who have worked in the kitchens of top, Michelin-starred restaurants. This means that they bring a fine-dining attitude to their sandwiches, sourcing the best and freshest ingredients, combining them in new and creative ways. Secondly, it's the size. Max Halley, owner of a similar sandwich shop, boasts that the sandwiches his shop makes are twice the size of most burgers. 

首先，它的成分。随着烘焙变得越来越流行，高品质的面包是可以买到的，也是人们所期待的。许多美味三明治店的幕后主脑往往是曾在顶级米其林星级餐厅厨房工作过的人。这意味着他们为三明治带来了精致的餐饮态度，采购最好、最新鲜的食材，并以新颖和创意的方式将它们组合起来。其次，是尺寸。马克斯·哈雷 (Max Halley) 是一家类似三明治店的老板，他自豪地说，他店里制作的三明治是大多数汉堡的两倍大。 

Finally, having sandwiches that look both huge and delicious is perfect for social media. While they may be more expensive than supermarket sandwiches, they are far more accessible than many other dining options. Being enticing, affordable, and trendy is an almost guaranteed way to attract attention online and bring crowds to the shops' doors. That's what's leading some to spend most of their lunch hour queueing up for a bite. 

最后，看起来又大又美味的三明治非常适合社交媒体。虽然它们可能比超市三明治更贵，但它们比许多其他餐饮选择更容易获得。诱人、实惠且时尚几乎是在网上吸引注意力并将人群带到商店门口的必然方式。这就是导致一些人将大部分午餐时间花在排队吃饭的原因。 

And why not? They might be a bit too expensive to have every day, but taking time away from your desk to eat something that has been thoughtfully prepared from fresh, high-quality ingredients isn't a bad thing. It could be a good alternative to munching on industrially-produced supermarket sandwiches at your desk while staring at a spreadsheet. 

为什么不呢？每天吃它们可能有点贵，但从办公桌前抽出时间来吃一些用新鲜、优质食材精心准备的东西并不是一件坏事。它可能是一个很好的选择，可以代替你在办公桌上一边盯着电子表格一边嚼着工业生产的超市三明治。 

词汇表

convenience food 方便食品
humble 普通的
convenient 方便的
sarnie (英式英语)三明治
keen 热衷的，渴望的
get your hands on 得到
ingredient 原料
baking 烘焙
expected 期待的
gourmet 优质的
Michelin-starred 拥有米其林星级的
fine-dining 高级餐饮
source 采购，从…获取
combine 组合，结合
boast 夸耀
delicious 美味的
accessible 容易得到的
dining option 餐饮选择
enticing 诱人的，有吸引力的
trendy 时髦的
thoughtfully 精心地

Have you ever dreamt of strolling along the streets of Venice, climbing the Eiffel Tower or flying above the Grand Canyon? It's much easier to take a virtual holiday now than ever before. Doesn't it sound adventurous – travelling to breathtaking destinations around the world while never leaving the comfort of your own home? 

您是否曾梦想过漫步在威尼斯的街道、攀登埃菲尔铁塔或飞越大峡谷？现在享受虚拟假期比以往任何时候都容易得多。前往世界各地令人惊叹的目的地而不离开舒适的家，这听起来是不是很冒险？ 

Digital maps let you roam almost any location on the planet, meaning you can explore the night markets in Bangkok, hover over mountainous regions like the Himalayas or zoom in on tiny islands and imagine you're sunbathing and smelling the sea. Of course, you won't experience the weather and culture in exactly the same way, but at least it's an option. 

数字地图让您可以漫游地球上几乎任何地方，这意味着您可以探索曼谷的夜市，盘旋在喜马拉雅山等山区，或者放大小岛屿，想象您正在享受日光浴，闻着大海的味道。当然，您不会以完全相同的方式体验天气和文化，但至少这是一种选择。 

If you are a nature lover, it's possible to take an interactive virtual tour, with the option of virtual commentary, of a national park like Yellowstone in the USA. This area has a lot of volcanic activity, so you can watch geysers erupt, see sulphur lakes and virtually hike iconic trails. Their website is full of videos walking you to famous viewpoints like Dragon's Mouth Spring and the cascading waterfall at Upper Falls. And then there are oceanic adventures too. National Geographic offers virtual underwater experiences so you can dive with sharks and other marine life, see coral reefs come alive and explore sunken shipwrecks. 

如果您是自然爱好者，可以参加美国黄石国家公园等国家公园的互动虚拟之旅，并可选择虚拟解说。该地区火山活动频繁，因此您可以观看间歇泉喷发、硫磺湖，甚至可以在标志性小径上徒步。他们的网站上有很多视频，带您前往著名的景点，如龙口泉和上瀑布的瀑布。还有海洋冒险。国家地理提供虚拟水下体验，因此您可以与鲨鱼和其他海洋生物一起潜水，观看珊瑚礁的活跃并探索沉没的沉船。 

You can now tour many museums and landmarks virtually too, like The British Museum in London. You can explore more than 60 galleries where you'll see priceless artefacts from around the world, like the Rosetta Stone, and famous paintings and sculptures. The Taj Mahal is another place you can visit virtually and at a 360-degree angle, so you can scale heights that would be almost impossible if you were there in person. 

您现在也可以虚拟地游览许多博物馆和地标建筑，例如伦敦的大英博物馆。您可以探索 60 多个画廊，在那里您会看到来自世界各地的无价文物，例如罗塞塔石碑以及著名的绘画和雕塑。泰姬陵是另一个您可以以 360 度角度虚拟参观的地方，因此您可以攀登如果您亲自前往的话几乎不可能到达的高度。 

They say 'the world is your oyster'. So next time you get the travel bug, try a virtual escape. A shoestring budget is no problem – you can still explore the world, and you don't even need a passport. 

他们说“世界是你的牡蛎”。因此，下次当您喜欢旅行时，请尝试虚拟逃脱。预算有限不是问题——您仍然可以探索世界，甚至不需要护照。 

词汇表

virtual holiday 虚拟假期，通过互联网或虚拟现实技术游玩景点
adventurous 充满冒险精神的
breathtaking destination 令人惊叹的目的地
roam 漫步，闲逛
night market 夜市
interactive 互动式的
commentary 现场解说
national park 国家公园
geyser 间歇泉
sulphur lake 硫磺湖
trail 徒步路线
viewpoint 观景点
tour 游览，参观
landmark 地标
the world is your oyster “世界是你的牡蛎”，比喻世界任人驰骋，人尽可随心所欲
travel bug “旅行虫”，对旅行的强烈兴趣
shoestring budget 非常有限的预算
passport 护照

The number of private schools across Uganda has increased. The Associated Press (AP) reports that they are now a majority of the country’s schools. But some people with ties to education say placing importance on the profitability of education as a business is worrying. 

乌干达各地私立学校的数量有所增加。据美联社 (AP) 报道，目前该国大部分学校都是这样的。但一些与教育相关的人士表示，重视教育作为一项业务的盈利能力令人担忧。 

Fagil Mandy is a former inspector of schools. Mandy said there should be standardized rules to make school fees predictable for everyone. 

法吉尔·曼迪 (Fagil Mandy) 是一名前学校督学。曼迪说，应该有标准化的规则，让每个人都能预测学费。 

It is normal for both private and government-supported schools to request money for many projects. These can include buying a bus or purchasing laboratory equipment. 

私立学校和政府支持的学校为许多项目索要资金是很正常的。这些可以包括购买公共汽车或购买实验室设备。

Shalom Mirembe is a student who spoke to the AP. Her mother takes care of four children. Her father recently died. 

沙洛姆·米伦贝 (Shalom Mirembe) 是一名接受美联社采访的学生。她的母亲照顾四个孩子。她的父亲最近去世了。 

The school Mirembe attends near Kampala costs $300 per term. But her mother sends Mirembe to school without paying. She is depending on the mercy of officials. 

Mirembe 就读于坎帕拉附近的学校，每学期费用为 300 美元。但她的母亲没有付钱就送米伦贝去学校。她依赖官员的怜悯。

But Joanita Seguya, a teacher at Wampewo Ntakke Secondary, said schools are taking measures to bar students from school if their parents do not pay. Seguya said of the school’s 2100 students, 400 are from families that struggle to pay fees. 

但万佩沃·恩塔克中学 (Wampewo Ntakke secondary) 的老师乔安妮塔·塞古亚 (Joanita Seguya) 表示，学校正在采取措施，如果学生家长不付钱，学校将禁止学生上学。Seguya 说，学校 2100 名学生中，有 400 名来自难以支付学费的家庭。 

Twenty-year-old Mirembe is taking her final exams this year. At one point, school officials were going to bar her from school because her mother had failed to pay the fees. But when school administrators found out that her father had died recently, they permitted her to return. Some of her teachers attended the funeral. 

二十岁的米伦贝今年即将参加期末考试。有一次，学校官员打算禁止她上学，因为她的母亲没有缴纳学费。但当学校管理人员发现她父亲最近去世后，他们允许她返回。她的一些老师参加了葬礼。

But other families are not so fortunate. 

但其他家庭就没有这么幸运了。 

Moses Serikomawa is jobless with seven children. He said paying $200 in school fees each term is too much when the family lacks food sometimes. But he added, “The children still want to go back to school.” 

摩西·塞里科马瓦 (Moses Serikomawa) 失业，有七个孩子。他说，当家里有时缺乏食物时，每学期支付 200 美元的学费太多了。但他补充说，“孩子们仍然想回到学校。” 

The World Bank said last year that 54 percent of adults in Africa south of the Sahara Desert ranked the issue of paying school costs higher than medical or other costs. 

世界银行去年表示，撒哈拉沙漠以南非洲 54% 的成年人认为支付学费问题比医疗或其他费用问题更重要。 

The aid organization said school fees were the biggest financial worry for 40 percent of people in Uganda. In that country, a top government-supported school reportedly costs $700 for a three-month term. That is a lot of money in a country where yearly economic activity per person was $864 in 2023. 

该援助组织表示，学费是 40% 的乌干达人最大的经济担忧。据报道，在那个国家，一所政府支持的顶级学校三个月的学费为 700 美元。对于一个 2023 年人均年经济活动为 864 美元的国家来说，这是一笔巨款。

World Bank information shows that African countries in the area also have the highest rates of children out of school in the world. Parents in Uganda report unpredictable increases in the cost of attending school, or tuition, as a cause of tension. Some critics are calling for laws to protect parents from exploitation. 

世界银行的信息显示，该地区的非洲国家儿童失学率也是世界上最高的。乌干达的家长们表示，上学费用或学费的不可预测的增加是造成紧张局势的原因之一。一些批评者呼吁制定法律来保护父母免受剥削。 

The Equal Opportunities Commission is a government agency that reports on the issues of inequality and discrimination. It released a report in September that called for punishment against government-supported schools that demand fees that are too high. It warned that arbitrarily raising fees can force children to drop out of school. 

平等机会委员会是一个报告不平等和歧视问题的政府机构。它在九月份发布了一份报告，呼吁对收费过高的政府支持学校进行惩罚。它警告说，任意提高学费可能会迫使儿童辍学。 

The Uganda Bureau of Statistics says that children’s attendance in early grades is about 68 percent. But the percentage falls to 22 percent for secondary school. The main reason given is financial difficulty. 

乌干达统计局称，儿童早期年级的出勤率约为 68%。但中学阶段这一比例下降至 22%。给出的主要原因是财务困难。 

Uganda has a program of secondary education for all students. It was introduced in 2007. However, schools are not in good condition. The schools usually do not require tuition, but parents must pay for uniforms, textbooks and other costs. 

乌干达为所有学生制定了中等教育计划。它于2007年推出。然而，学校状况不佳。学校通常不需要学费，但家长必须支付校服、课本和其他费用。

Private schools are more popular but also more costly. Spokesperson for the Ministry of Education Dennis Mugimba said the government is not interested in making rules about prices. Mugimba said setting private school fees is “purely administrative and it is adjusted according to the business environment.” But he said costs linked to “capital development” should not be the responsibility of parents. 

私立学校更受欢迎，但成本也更高。教育部发言人丹尼斯·穆金巴 (Dennis Mugimba) 表示，政府对制定价格规则不感兴趣。穆金巴表示，私立学校收费的设定“纯粹是行政性的，会根据商业环境进行调整”。但他表示，与“资本发展”相关的成本不应该由父母承担。 

Takosangba Pongen could see until he was 14 years old. He has been blind for the 13 years since. 

塔科桑巴·蓬根直到14岁才恢复视力。此后他已经失明13年了。 

But, nobody would know that by watching Pongen perform on the piano. 

但是，没有人会通过观看 Pongen 的钢琴演奏来知道这一点。 

Pongen said playing the piano helped him after he lost his sight. “It opened a window to see the world. It gives me energy and hope to go forward,” he said. 

庞根说，在他失明后，弹钢琴对他有帮助。“它打开了一扇观察世界的窗户。它给了我前进的能量和希望。”他说。 

Recently, he performed at the Brillante Piano Festival in Bengaluru, the capital of the southern Indian state of Karnataka. 

最近，他在印度南部卡纳塔克邦首府班加罗尔举行的布里兰特钢琴节上演出。

Pongen plays by ear. He taught himself to play, assisted by piano play training on YouTube that he began using in 2020. He said he would like to be a professional musician someday. 

庞根见机行事。他在 2020 年开始使用的 YouTube 上的钢琴演奏训练的帮助下自学弹奏。他说他希望有一天成为一名专业音乐家。 

But he is having difficulty finding a place that teaches piano to people with sight, or vision, problems. 

但他很难找到一个向有视力或视力问题的人教钢琴的地方。

Pongen first noticed his vision problems at school. He could not see clearly enough to read words on the blackboard in the room. 

庞根第一次注意到他的视力问题是在学校。他看不清房间黑板上的字。 

Then he remembers having difficulty seeing the small, glass balls called marbles that he liked to play with. 

然后他记得很难看到他喜欢玩的称为弹珠的小玻璃球。 

A medical operation to treat the problem failed, worsening his vision. By 14, Pongen was blind. 

治疗这个问题的医疗手术失败了，他的视力恶化了。14岁时，庞恩双目失明。

Pongen says that he sometimes wishes he could see but adds that he also accepts his condition as “God’s plan.” He believes he is meant to serve as a model in how to face difficulty, lending support to others through example.

庞根说，他有时希望自己能看见，但他补充说，他也接受自己的状况是“上帝的计划”。他相信自己应该成为如何面对困难的榜样，通过榜样为他人提供支持。 

"If a blind man can do it, why can’t others who are fully able,” Pongen said.

“如果一个盲人能做到，为什么其他完全有能力的人就不能做到呢？”庞根说。

Brillante organizers said they believe in the “power of music as an agent of social development.” Pongen is a part of their “Specially Abled Musicians” program. 

Brillante 的组织者表示，他们相信“音乐作为社会发展推动者的力量”。Pongen 是他们“特殊能力音乐家”计划的一部分。 

He played Nocturne in B Flat Minor, a work written by Frederic Chopin. Pongen said Chopin is one of his favorite writers of music. 

他演奏了弗雷德里克·肖邦创作的降B小调夜曲。庞根说肖邦是他最喜欢的音乐作家之一。 

“I love music that is expressive and emotional,” he said. 

“我喜欢富有表现力和情感的音乐，”他说。 

Pongen came more than 3,000 kilometers to Bengaluru. He traveled with his sister, Imlibenla, by his side to play at Brillante Festival, the fifth of its kind. His heart was racing, he said, when the program director, Khyochano TCK, presented him to the other musicians. 

庞根（Pongen）经过3000多公里来到班加罗尔。他与妹妹伊姆利本拉 (Imlibenla) 一起前往第五届布里兰特音乐节 (Brillante Festival) 演出。他说，当节目总监 Khyochano TCK 将他介绍给其他音乐家时，他的心跳加速。

The nervousness returned as his performance time arrived. Pongen said he took a deep breath to calm himself. 

当他的表演时间到来时，紧张感又回来了。庞根说，他深吸了一口气以使自己平静下来。 

Then, Imlibenla gently guided him onto the stage. She helped to seat him in front of the piano. 

然后，伊姆利本拉轻轻地引导他走上舞台。她帮他坐在钢琴前。 

From there, he played beautifully. 

从那时起，他打得非常漂亮。 

A Japanese artist who creates detailed designs on fallen leaves says the process gives the leaves new life and also helps keep him healthy. 

一位在落叶上进行详细设计的日本艺术家表示，这一过程赋予了树叶新的生命，也有助于保持他的健康。 

The artist goes by the name Lito. He did not want to share his full name for personal reasons. Lito likes to cut, or carve, many different leaf designs. Examples of his work include a frog holding an umbrella, animals jumping happily, Japan’s famous Mount Fuji and ocean waves. 

这位艺术家的名字叫 Lito。出于个人原因，他不想透露自己的全名。利托喜欢切割或雕刻许多不同的叶子图案。他的作品包括撑伞的青蛙、快乐跳跃的动物、日本著名的富士山和海浪。

Lito began making his leaf art in 2020. Now, he has many fans around the world who discovered his designs on social media. 

Lito 于 2020 年开始创作叶子艺术。现在，他在世界各地拥有许多粉丝，他们在社交媒体上发现了他的设计。 

He recently told reporters from The Associated Press that his work also gives him peaceful feelings to help deal with a health issue. The condition Lito struggles with is called attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. People with ADHD can experience difficulties such as mental focus, directing attention and organizing and controlling urges. 

他最近告诉美联社记者，他的工作也给他带来平静的感觉，有助于解决健康问题。利托所患的病症被称为注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）。患有多动症的人可能会遇到精神集中、注意力集中、组织和控制冲动等困难。

The 38-year-old Lito said that in addition to helping him deal with his own issues, he hopes his art can give other people enjoyment as well. 

38岁的利托表示，除了帮助自己处理自己的问题外，他希望自己的艺术也能给别人带来享受。 

Lito likes working at night. In a demonstration of his process, he showed that he first treats several leaves with a chemical to keep them from drying out. Then, he chooses the one he wants to work on and places it on a cutting surface. 

利托喜欢在晚上工作。在演示他的过程时，他首先用化学物质处理几片叶子，以防止它们变干。然后，他选择他想要加工的一个并将其放在切割表面上。 

He begins by making a design on the leaf with a pen. He then uses a special design knife to cut the leaf. As he works slowly and carefully, one leaf begins to take the shape of a frog carrying an umbrella. 

他首先用笔在叶子上进行设计。然后他用一把特殊设计的刀来切割叶子。当他缓慢而小心地工作时，其中一片叶子开始呈现出一只撑着雨伞的青蛙的形状。

Some of Lito’s more complex creations on a single leaf can take more than eight hours to complete. He said he likes to finish a leaf in one sitting. His leaf-cutting works include titles such as Scrolls of Frolicking Animals, Leaf Aquarium, and Thirty-six Views of Mt. Fuji: The Great Wave off Kanagawa. He often uses animals as his subject and each piece includes some of hisown personal elements. 

利托在一片叶子上创作的一些更复杂的作品可能需要八个多小时才能完成。他说他喜欢一次吃完一片叶子。他的切叶作品包括《动物嬉戏图卷》、《叶子水族馆》和《富士三十六景：神奈川冲浪里》等。他经常以动物为题材，每件作品都包含一些他自己的个人元素。

Since his childhood, Lito says he has had high levels of concentration and patience. But no matter how hard he tried, he felt he could not meet expectations of behavior at school and work. He also struggled to understand others' feelings and to avoid conflict. 

利托说，自童年起，他就拥有高度的专注力和耐心。但无论他如何努力，他都觉得自己无法达到学校和工作中行为的期望。他还努力理解他人的感受并避免冲突。

After years of difficulty, he went to a hospital at age 30 and was told he has ADHD, a diagnosis he felt explained why he has always done things differently. 

经过多年的困难后，他在 30 岁时去了一家医院，被告知自己患有多动症，他认为这一诊断解释了为什么他总是以不同的方式做事。 

Lito said he saw no reason to force himself to do things the same way as other people. So, he decided to change his way of living. 

利托说，他认为没有理由强迫自己像其他人一样做事。于是，他决定改变自己的生活方式。 

In early 2020, Lito learned about the art of leaf cutting. He saw it as the perfect use of his patience and concentration. 

2020 年初，Lito 学习了剪叶艺术。他认为这是对他的耐心和专注的完美运用。

Word of his skill has spread far across social media, and he has published books on his leaf-cutting work. And almost every month, he holds a showing of his art in different places in Japan. 

他的技艺在社交媒体上广为传播，他还出版了有关他的剪叶作品的书籍。几乎每个月，他都会在日本不同的地方举办自己的艺术展。 

"If I can make people happy by doing what I am doing, I want to do more. That's my driving force for what's next," Lito said. 

“如果我能通过做我正在做的事情让人们快乐，我想做更多。这是我下一步的动力，”利托说。

The slender-billed curlew is a shorebird. It breeds in Western Siberia before migrating to the Mediterranean in winter. But there's not been a confirmed sighting since February 1995, when it was spotted in Morocco.

细嘴杓鹬是一种滨鸟。这种鸟在西伯利亚西部繁殖，然后迁徙到地中海过冬。但自从 1995 年 2 月在摩洛哥被观察到以来，再也没有对细嘴杓鹬的确认目击报告。

Extensive efforts across decades to find evidence of the bird in its breeding and non-breeding ranges have all proved unsuccessful. Its disappearance is a stark warning of the need to tackle the loss and degradation of inland grassland and wetland.

几十年来，大量试图在它们的繁殖和非繁殖活动区域内寻找细嘴杓鹬踪迹的努力都以失败告终。细嘴杓鹬的消失对我们是一个严厉的警告，我们必须设法对内陆湿地和草原的退化和消失采取应对措施。

词汇表

shorebird 滨鸟，生活在海滨的鸟类
migrating 迁徙
confirmed sighting （对某个生物的）确认目击
extensive 大量的，广泛的
evidence 证据，踪迹
breeding 繁殖
ranges 范围，区域
proved unsuccessful （某事）以失败告终
stark warning 严厉的警告
degradation 退化，劣化
grassland 草原
wetland 湿地

Apple notes that RCS messages “aren’t end-to-end encrypted, which means they’re not protected from a third party reading them while they’re sent between devices.” 

苹果指出，RCS 消息“没有进行端到端加密，这意味着它们在设备之间发送时无法防止第三方读取它们。” 

Samsung, which sells Android smartphones, also indirectly described the issue in a small area at the bottom of a press release last month. Samsung said about RCS, “Encryption only available for Android-to-Android communication.” 

销售Android智能手机的三星也在上个月的一份新闻稿底部的一小块区域间接描述了这个问题。三星在谈到 RCS 时表示，“加密仅适用于 Android 到 Android 的通信。

”To avoid getting caught out when exchanging texts, experts recommend using encrypted messaging apps. 

为了避免在交换文本时被抓住，专家建议使用加密的消息应用程序。

Privacy supporters are big fans of Signal, which uses end-to-end encryption on all messages and voice calls. Signal is an app that is run by an independent nonprofit group based in Mountainview, California. It promises never to sell customer data. The group has also made its source code publicly available so that it can be examined by anyone “for security and correctness.” 

隐私支持者是 Signal 的忠实粉丝，它对所有消息和语音通话使用端到端加密。Signal 是一款由位于加利福尼亚州山景城的独立非营利组织运营的应用程序。它承诺永远不会出售客户数据。该组织还公开了其源代码，以便任何人都可以检查“安全性和正确性”。 

Signal’s encryption method is so respected that it has been included into competitor WhatsApp. 

Signal 的加密方法如此受人推崇，以至于它已被纳入竞争对手 WhatsApp 中。 

End-to-end encryption is also the normal mode for Facebook Messenger, which like WhatsApp is owned by Meta Platforms. 

端到端加密也是 Facebook Messenger 的正常模式，与 WhatsApp 一样，Facebook Messenger 也属于 Meta Platforms。

Telegram is an app that can be used for one-on-one discussions, group chats and broadcast “channels.” But Telegram does not use end-to-end encryption normally. Users have to turn on end-to-end encryption. And Telegram’s end-to-end encryption does not work with group chats.

Telegram 是一款可用于一对一讨论、群聊和广播“频道”的应用程序。但 Telegram 通常不使用端到端加密。用户必须打开端到端加密。而且 Telegram 的端到端加密不适用于群聊。 

Cybersecurity experts have warned people against using Telegram for private communications. 

网络安全专家警告人们不要使用 Telegram 进行私人通信。

Instead of using your phone to make calls through a wireless cellular network, you can make voice calls with Signal and WhatsApp. Both apps encrypt calls with the same technology that they use to encrypt messages. 

您可以使用 Signal 和 WhatsApp 拨打语音电话，而不是使用手机通过无线蜂窝网络拨打电话。这两个应用程序都使用与加密消息相同的技术来加密通话。 

There are other choices. If you have an iPhone, you can use Facetime for calls, while Android owners can use the Google Fi service. Both are end-to-end encrypted. 

还有其他选择。如果您有 iPhone，则可以使用 Facetime 进行通话，而 Android 用户则可以使用 Google Fi 服务。两者都是端到端加密的。

However, with all these choices, the person on the other end will also have to have the app. 

然而，有了所有这些选择，另一端的人也必须拥有该应用程序。

WhatsApp and Signal users can choose the privacy setting they want in the settings. Such choices include hiding an IP address during calls to prevent your general location from being guessed. 

WhatsApp 和 Signal 用户可以在设置中选择他们想要的隐私设置。此类选择包括在通话期间隐藏 IP 地址，以防止您的大致位置被猜测。 

U.S. cybersecurity officials are advising people to use encryption in their communications after a major hacking campaign. 

在一次重大黑客活动之后，美国网络安全官员建议人们在通信中使用加密技术。 

Federal officials released a list of security suggestions for U.S. telecommunications companies that were targeted. 

联邦官员发布了针对受攻击的美国电信公司的安全建议清单。 

The advice includes one suggestion that everyone can use: “Ensure that traffic is end-to-end encrypted to the maximum extent possible.” 

该建议包括一项每个人都可以使用的建议：“确保流量在最大程度上进行端到端加密。” 

End-to-end encryption, also known as E2EE, means that messages are protected so that only the sender and receiver can see them. If anyone else gets the message, all they will see is disordered information that cannot be understood without the key. 

端到端加密，也称为 E2EE，意味着消息受到保护，只有发送者和接收者才能看到它们。如果其他人收到该消息，他们将看到的只是无序的信息，没有密钥就无法理解。

Law enforcement officials had until now resisted encryption. This resistance is because the encryption means the technology companies themselves will not be able to look at the messages. In addition, the companies will not be able to respond to law enforcement requests to turn the data over. 

迄今为止，执法官员一直抵制加密。这种阻力是因为加密意味着科技公司本身将无法查看这些消息。此外，这些公司将无法响应执法部门移交数据的要求。 

The Associated Press (AP) recently offered some ways that normal people can use for end-to-end encryption : 

美联社 (AP) 最近提供了一些普通人可以使用的端到端加密方法：

Officials said the hackers targeted the metadata of a large number of people. That included information on the dates, times and recipients of calls and texts. The hackers also got to see the information from texts from a much smaller number of people. 

官员们表示，黑客的目标是大量人员的元数据。其中包括有关电话和短信的日期、时间以及收件人的信息。黑客还从一小部分人的短信中看到了信息。 

If you are an iPhone user, information in text messages that you send to someone else who also has an iPhone will be encrypted end-to-end. Look for the blue text bubbles which mean that the messages are encrypted iMessages. 

如果您是 iPhone 用户，则您发送给也拥有 iPhone 的其他人的短信中的信息将被端到端加密。查找蓝色文本气泡，这意味着该消息是加密的 iMessage。 

The same goes for Android users sending texts through Google Messages. There will be a lock next to the timestamp on each message to show that the encryption is on. 

Android 用户通过 Google Messages 发送短信也是如此。每条消息的时间戳旁边都会有一个锁，以表明加密已开启。 

But there is a weakness. When iPhone and Android users text each other, the messages are encrypted only using Rich Communication Services (RCS). That is a common method for messaging that has replaced the older SMS and MMS methods. 

但有一个弱点。当 iPhone 和 Android 用户互相发短信时，消息仅使用丰富通信服务 (RCS) 进行加密。这是一种常见的消息传递方法，已取代旧的 SMS 和 MMS 方法。 

For people in parts of the world with seasons — especially cold ones — winter might seem like a time to rest and to take a break from garden work. 

对于世界上有季节的地区的人们来说，尤其是寒冷的季节，冬天似乎是休息和从园艺工作中休息一下的时间。 

But it is not, says Associated Press gardening expert Jessica Damiano. 

但事实并非如此，美联社园艺专家杰西卡·达米亚诺说。 

Autumn and winter are the best times to attend to your garden’s needs and prepare for the next growing season. There is much to do for both outdoor and indoor plants.

秋季和冬季是满足花园需求并为下一个生长季节做好准备的最佳时机。室外和室内植物都有很多事情要做。

For people who want flowers like tulips in the early spring plant the bulbs that produce them if your soil is not frozen. If you can still dig, plant tulips, daffodils and other bulbs. 

对于那些想要在早春开花的人来说，如果你的土壤没有结冰的话，可以种植郁金香等花朵的球茎。如果你还能挖土，就种植郁金香、水仙花和其他球茎植物。 

Cover them with about eight centimeters of mulch, leaves or dried grass. This will prevent freezing and melting temperatures from forcing them out of the ground over the winter. 

用大约八厘米厚的覆盖物、树叶或干草覆盖它们。这将防止冰冻和融化的温度迫使它们在冬天离开地面。 

During winter months, even in more temperate areas, some plants need protection from the cold. These include some fruit trees, like citrus, dahlias and many plants that bloom in the spring. In winter conditions, a cloth cover called burlap can help limit the damaging effects of wind. 

在冬季，即使在较温和的地区，一些植物也需要防寒。其中包括一些果树，如柑橘、大丽花和许多在春天开花的植物。在冬季，一种称为粗麻布的布盖可以帮助限制风的破坏性影响。 

If snow builds up on the branches of evergreen trees and shrubs, remove it. The heavy weight can damage branches. 

如果常绿树木和灌木的树枝上积雪，请将其清除。重物会损坏树枝。

Keep a record of plants you mean to move from one place to another in your garden. The notes will guide you in early spring: a time that is best to move plants that bloom early in the season. 

记录下您想要从花园中的一个地方移到另一个地方的植物。这些注释将在早春为您提供指导：这是最好移动早开花植物的时间。 

if you have extra seeds, consider trading them with gardening friends or at a gardening event. Store and organize seeds for the future in glass containers in cool places without light. Make sure to write down what they are and when they were collected. 

如果您有多余的种子，请考虑与园艺朋友或在园艺活动中交换它们。将种子储存和整理在玻璃容器中，存放在阴凉、无光的地方。请务必写下它们是什么以及收集时间。 

If insects or diseases were a problem during the growing season, use winter months to read about companion plants that can ease the problem in the coming year. 

如果昆虫或疾病在生长季节成为问题，请利用冬季阅读有关可以在来年缓解问题的伴生植物。

The cold winter months also affect houseplants. Bring houseplants near a south-facing or west-facing window to get the most sunlight possible. Turn the houseplants about one fourth of a turn each time you water them. This will support more even growth. 

寒冷的冬季也会影响室内植物。将室内植物放在朝南或朝西的窗户附近，以获得尽可能多的阳光。每次浇水时，将室内植物转动约四分之一圈。这将支持更均匀的增长。 

If you are buying poinsettias for the holidays, be sure to examine them for whiteflies before bringing them home. If you do not, you could bring home insects. 

如果您在假期购买一品红，请务必在带回家之前检查它们是否有粉虱。如果你不这样做，你可能会把昆虫带回家。 

If you plant Amaryllis bulbs indoors now, they will bloom during the coldest months of the winter. Plant them with their pointed ends reaching out of the potting soil and place them in a warm, sunny spot, watering them well. 

如果你现在在室内种植孤挺花球茎，它们会在冬天最冷的几个月里开花。将它们的尖端伸出盆栽土壤中，然后将它们放在温暖、阳光充足的地方，并充分浇水。 

After they bloom, keep them in a cooler place to extend the life of their flowers but keep them away from children and pets. Amaryllis bulbs are poisonous to eat. 

开花后，将它们放在阴凉的地方，以延长花朵的寿命，但要远离儿童和宠物。孤挺花球茎食用有毒。

Damiano also advises to remember that non-migrating birds need food because most of their food sources are gone during the winter months. High quality birdseed and water can help. 

达米亚诺还建议记住，非迁徙鸟类需要食物，因为它们的大部分食物来源在冬季都会消失。高品质的鸟食和水可以提供帮助。 

These same birds will repay the effort by feeding on thousands of insects that threaten your garden during the warm growing season. 

这些鸟儿会在温暖的生长季节以数千种威胁您花园的昆虫为食来回报您的努力。