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Does“Melatonin”really help you sleep? Expert:the more you take, the harder to sleep｜吃“褪黑素”真的能助眠吗？专家：小心越吃越失眠……

Sleep-promoting supplements such as melatonin are not a one-size-fits-all solution for insomnia and may cause side effects, said an expert on sleep disorder.

睡眠障碍专家表示，像褪黑素这样可以促进睡眠、治疗失眠的药物并不是万能的，还可能引起副作用。

Melatonin mainly functions to alter sleep-wake cycle, particularly in cases of shift work systems or jet lags, but has no evident effect on insomnia, and may even impose negative impacts on the human secretion system if used for a long period, said Lu Lin, the director of Peking University Sixth Hospital who specializes in areas including sleep disorders and depression.

北京大学第六医院院长陆林院士主要研究睡眠障碍和抑郁症等领域，他表示褪黑素主要起着改变睡眠周期的作用，但对于需要倒班或者倒时差的人来说，褪黑素在解决失眠问题上没有明显的效果。如果长期使用，甚至可能会对人体的分泌系统产生负面影响。

This is a warning as melatonin is increasingly treated as a fix for insomnia by youngsters, who have difficulty falling asleep after they get used to staying up late browsing Weibo or watching shows via electronic products.

对于越来越视褪黑素为失眠解药的年轻人来说，这是一个警告。他们总是习惯于熬夜用电子产品刷微博、看节目，以至于难以入睡。

Lu advised that instead of spending too much time on electronic products, they can pick up some paper books or develop some other habits that can help you feel drowsy.

陆林建议人们不要在电子产品上花费太多时间，看点纸质书或养成一些其他习惯也可以让你感到困意。

Statistics from a domestic e-commerce platform showed that from January to August in 2019, 62 percent of buyers for imported sleep aids are post-1990s consumers, and 85 percent of their purchased products were melatonin.

国内一个电商平台的统计数据显示，2019年1至8月期间，62%的进口助眠药消费者是90后，而他们购买的产品中85%都是褪黑素。

It's not a long-term solution.

这不是一个长久之计。

Taking melatonin an hour or two before bedtime can be effective for sleep issues related to your circadian rhythms. There is some evidence that it could be effective for those with temporary jet lag from traveling across time zones, but this research has limitations and the possible benefits appear to be modest.

睡前一两个小时服用褪黑素可以有效解决生物钟相关的睡眠问题。一些研究表明，这种方法对那些因跨越时区而产生短暂时差反应的人来说是有效的。但该研究具有局限性，褪黑素带来的益处似乎并不大。

Shift workers with irregular schedules may also benefit from melatonin use, as may those with delayed sleep-wake phase disorder - a condition that makes it difficult to fall asleep at night, resulting in daytime fatigue. Since melatonin production also declines with age, older people may have trouble falling asleep, and melatonin could provide relief in this case.

轮班工作者也可能从褪黑素中受益，就像那些睡眠周期紊乱的人一样，工作时间不规律会让他们晚上难以入睡，从而使他们在白天感到疲惫。由于人体褪黑素的产生会随着年龄的增长而下降，老年人可能会面临入睡困难的问题，而褪黑素可以缓解这种症状。

Short-term use of melatonin may not be harmful but there is insufficient evidence on its long-term safety, according to the US National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. And in some cases, relying on melatonin could simply mask another problem.

根据美国国家补充和综合健康中心的说法，短期服用褪黑素可能无害，但没有足够证据证明其长期安全。在某些情况下，对褪黑素的依赖可能会掩盖其他的问题。

For example, sleeplessness could signal a hormonal imbalance, a mental health issue such as anxiety or depression, or a sleep disorder, like sleep apnea. If left untreated, these issues could worsen or possibly lead to complications.

例如，失眠可能是荷尔蒙分泌失调、精神健康问题（如焦虑或抑郁）或者睡眠障碍（如睡眠呼吸暂停）的信号。如果不及时治疗，这些问题可能会恶化并导致并发症。

When to steer clear

何时避开褪黑素

Certain people should be more cautious about melatonin use, particularly if it triggers a negative reaction, including those with:

以下患者在使用褪黑素时应更加谨慎（尤其是对其引发的不良反应）：

► Chronic insomnia. Having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep that lasts a month or more shouldn't be managed with melatonin. These groups are recommended for other more proven remedies (a combination of lifestyle changes, cognitive-behavioral therapy and/or medication).

慢性失眠症：入睡困难持续一个月以上的患者不应服用褪黑素。建议使用其他经过检验的治疗方法（如包括改变生活方式在内的认知行为治疗和/或药物治疗）

► Dementia. This progressive cognitive deterioration is often associated with insomnia, which can tax both patients and their caregivers. But melatonin may do more harm than good among those with dementia since the condition causes people to metabolize the supplement more slowly, resulting in daytime drowsiness.

痴呆：这种进行性认知退化通常与失眠症有关，失眠会加重患者及其护理者的负担。褪黑素对于痴呆症患者来说可能弊大于利，因为痴呆会降低患者代谢褪黑素的速度，从而导致白天嗜睡。

► If you've been drinking alcohol, it's also not safe to take melatonin.

如果你有饮酒的习惯，服用褪黑素也是不安全的。

► Melatonin is also not for you if you're pregnant or breastfeeding. Researchers simply don't have enough data to know if it's safe for fetuses or breastfedbabies.

如果你正处于怀孕或哺乳期，褪黑素也不适合你。研究人员没有足够数据确保褪黑素不对胎儿或母乳喂养的婴儿产生危害。

Reduce your reliance

降低你对褪黑素的依赖

Quick fixes are often tempting - and unfortunately often too good to be true. Before reaching for melatonin, consider making some simple lifestyle adjustments that can improve your sleep hygiene and help you sleep more soundly. Moves you can try:

快速的解决方法往往是诱人的，但不幸的是，这往往都是假象。在服用褪黑素之前，你可以简单调整一下生活方式，这可以帮助你改善睡眠卫生、睡得更香。你可以尝试：

► Stick to a sleep schedule. If possible, go to bed at the same time each night, and get up at the same time in the morning.

固定睡眠时间。如果可能的话，晚上在同一时间入睡，早晨在同一时间起床。

► Make your bedroom cool and comfortable. Set the room temperature between 15.5 and 19.4 degrees Celsius. Make sure it's dark and quiet.

让你的卧室凉爽舒适。将室内温度设置在15.5至19.4摄氏度之间，确保周围环境是黑暗且安静的。

► Use light to your advantage. Expose yourself to bright light in the morning but avoid it in the evening. This can help keep your circadian rhythms in sync.

利用光线。晚上要避免暴露在强光下，但白天可以，这可以同步你的生物钟。

► Wind down. As bedtime approaches, read or do something relaxing like taking a warm bath. Avoid using your laptop, phone or tablet because the blue light they emit can interfere with your sleep.

放松。随着就寝时间的临近，可以读些东西，或洗个热水澡，做一些令人放松的事情。避免使用笔记本电脑、手机或平板，因为它们发出的蓝光会干扰你的睡眠。

► Don't stare at the ceiling. If you can't sleep, get out of bed and do something relaxing until you feel drowsy again.

不要盯着天花板发呆。如果你睡不着，可以下床做一些放松活动，直到你再次感到困倦。

►Limit caffeine intake. Be sure to avoid caffeinated foods or beverages, including coffee, soda and chocolate, at least four to six hours before going to bed.

限制咖啡因的摄入。至少在睡前4到6个小时内，避免摄入含咖啡因的食物或饮料，包括咖啡、苏打水和巧克力。

► Skip other potential sleep disrupters. Avoid cigarettes, alcohol and heavy meals too close to bedtime.

避免其他干扰睡眠的潜在因素。不要在睡前吸烟、饮酒或吃难以消化的事情。

jet lag

英 [ˈdʒet læɡ]；美 [ˈdʒet læɡ]

n. 飞行时差综合征；时差反应

complication

英 [ˌkɒmplɪˈkeɪʃn]；美 [ˌkɑːmplɪˈkeɪʃn]

n. 并发症

steer clear

英 [stɪə(r) klɪə(r)]；美 [stɪr klɪr]

巧妙避开；逃避

tax

英[tæks]；美[tæks]

v.使用尽，耗尽(力气、耐心、资源等)

wind down

英 [wind daun]；美 [wɪnd daʊn]

放松；松弛

英语新闻| 民航局：将尽快搜寻黑匣子丨No survivors of crash found

No survivors have been found so far after a China Eastern Airlines plane crashed on Monday in South China's Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, local authorities said on Tuesday.

22日当地政府表示，自东航一架客机于21日在广西壮族自治区境内坠毁后，截至目前，未发现机上幸存人员。

Also on Tuesday, more than 2,000 search and rescue workers intensified efforts to recover the aircraft's two black boxes, or flight data recorders, to investigate the cause of the tragedy.

22日，2000多名搜救人员全力寻找飞机上的两个黑匣子或飞行数据记录器，以调查悲剧的原因。

Flight MU5735 left Kunming, the capital of Yunnan province, at 1:11 pm on Monday and was scheduled to arrive in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, at 3:05 pm. Air traffic controllers lost track of the plane over Wuzhou, Guangxi, at 2:21 pm.

3月21日，东航MU5735航班于13时11分从云南省省会昆明市起飞，原定于15时05分到达广东省广州市。14时21分，该航班在广西梧州市上空失联。

The flight was carrying 123 passengers and nine crew members, all Chinese nationals.

机上共有旅客123名，机组人员9名，无外籍旅客。

As of 9 pm on Tuesday, no survivors had been found, said Sun Shiying, chairman of China Eastern Airlines, at a news conference held in Wuzhou on Tuesday night by the investigation team of the State Council, China's Cabinet.

22日晚，在国务院调查组于梧州举行的新闻发布会上，东航云南有限公司董事长孙世英表示，截至22日晚上9点，未发现幸存者。

Sun said the company had established contact with relatives of all the passengers within 24 hours. The airline will provide care based on their needs.

孙世英表示，东航已在24小时内与全部123名旅客的家属取得联系。东航将视他们的需要提供帮助。

Zhu Tao, director of the Civil Aviation Administration of China's Aviation Safety Office, said at the news conference that the aircraft was severely damaged, which poses a huge challenge to the investigation of the cause of the crash.

中国民用航空局航空安全办公室主任朱涛通报，本次事故飞机损毁严重，调查难度很大。

"We are still at the preliminary stage of the investigation, so we cannot make any judgment. The key task now is to locate the two black boxes. We will immediately inform the public when the cause is confirmed," Zhu said.

朱涛表示，鉴于调查工作刚刚开始，以目前掌握的信息，还无法对于事故的原因有一个清晰的判断。下一步调查组将全力以赴搜集各方证据，重点在事发现场飞行记录器的搜寻。一旦调查工作取得进展，将在第一时间公布。

The administration called on Tuesday for all industry entities, including air traffic control, airlines, airports and pilot training institutes, to carry out a thorough, two-week safety inspection to eliminate safety hazards and ensure people's absolute safety.

民航局于22日下发通知，要求立即开展为期两周的行业安全大检查，以消除事故隐患，确保人民生命绝对安全。此次大检查的范围包括各地区空管局、各运输（通用）航空公司、各服务保障公司、各机场公司、各飞行训练机构。

Along with search and rescue workers, drones have been deployed to the crash site to search for more evidence over an area of nearly 680,000 square meters.

无人机已同搜救人员一起被派往坠机现场，将对近68万平方米的区域进行作业，采集证据信息。

Zhu Xiaodong, a rescuer with a drone rescue center in Guangzhou, said the drones' thermal imaging will help to locate the two black boxes, which record cockpit conversations and flight data.

广州市天河区成至无人机救援中心工作人员朱晓东说，无人机的热成像功能将有助于寻找两个记录驾驶舱对话和飞行数据的黑匣子。

According to video footage released on Tuesday by China Central Television, search and rescue workers who were marking debris also found charred wallets, train tickets, identification cards and bank cards at the crash site, which is in a forest near Tengxian county's Molang village.

中央电视台22日发布的视频显示，坠机地点位于藤县埌莫埌村附近的一处山林里，救援人员在在坠机搜救核心区域发现了飞机残骸及烧焦的钱包、火车票、身份证、银行卡等随身物品。

Much of the debris from the aircraft was in small pieces, said Li Chenbin, a technician with China Mobile's Guangxi branch who heard a loud bang echoing across the mountains at around 2:20 pm on Monday.

广西移动的网络技术人员李晨斌说，21日14时20分左右，他突然听到山中巨响。整个飞机全部已经散掉了，全是碎片。

Li, who was working nearby on the mobile communication network, said, "I then rushed to the site with my colleagues and saw the aircraft debris, much of which was in small pieces. It was scattered all over the mountains. The biggest piece I saw was part of a wing with China Eastern's logo."

李晨斌当时正在事故附近的山上作业，他说，“我和同事以最快的速度到达现场，看到飞机残骸。整个飞机全部已经散掉了，全是碎片，散落在山里。我看到的最大的一块碎片是机翼，上面有东航的标志。”

Because the crash site is hemmed in by mountains on three sides, with only a narrow road leading there, it has been difficult to carry out search and rescue work. Villagers have been using motorbikes to carry supplies to the crash site.

由于事故地点三面环山，只有一条小路可以到达，搜救工作难以开展。村民们用摩托车为救援队运送物资。

Vice-Premier Liu He and State Councilor Wang Yong arrived in Wuzhou in the early hours of Tuesday to guide the rescue efforts, the aftermath and the investigation into the cause of the crash. They inspected the crash site in the morning and held a meeting to discuss the search and rescue plan.

国务院副总理刘鹤和国务委员王勇于3月22日凌晨抵达广西梧州，指导现场救援、善后处置及事故原因调查工作。22日上午，他们来到现场勘查，召开专题会议讨论搜救计划。

According to the meeting, search and rescue teams must race against time to search for survivors and leave no blind spot. In addition, one-on-one care must be provided to relatives of the passengers, and the cause of the crash must be determined as soon as possible.

会议强调，要争分夺秒做好人员搜救工作，不留死角、不留盲区。要深入细致做好家属安抚，组织人员一对一进行心理抚慰和情绪疏导，并尽快查明事故原因。  

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres expressed his sorrow for families of those aboard and to the Chinese government, said Stephane Dujarric, spokesman for the UN chief.

联合国秘书长发言人杜加里克在新闻发布会上表示，联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯对中国东方航空MU5735航班失事的消息感到非常难过，我们向遇难者家属以及中国政府和人民表示哀悼。

preliminary  

英[prɪˈlɪmɪnəri];美[prɪˈlɪmɪneri]

adj.初步的，预备的

n.初步行动，准备工作；预赛，预试

cockpit  

英 [ˈkɒkpɪt]; 美 [ˈkɑːkpɪt]

n.（飞机的）驾驶舱，（赛车的）驾驶座；战场，格斗场所

英语新闻集锦|连内衣颜色都要管束？东京学校终于废止多项苛刻规范| Tokyo schools drop controversial dress code on hair and underwear color

For decades, being a student in Tokyo meant you had to look a certain way. Under the public school system's dress code, all students had to dye their hair black, certain hairstyles were prohibited and even their underwear had to be a designated color.

过去几十年，在东京上学意味着你的着装必须符合规范。根据东京公立学校的着装规范，所有学生都必须把头发染成黑色，不准留特定发型，甚至连内衣也必须穿指定的颜色。

But these rules, which have recently come under scrutiny and been criticized as outdated, will now be abolished, the city's authorities announced this week.

这些规范最近受到质疑并被批过时，东京政府部门本周宣布将废止这些规范。

A total of five rules will be dropped by nearly 200 public schools across the Japanese capital, including regulations on hair and underwear color, and a ban on "two block" hairstyles, which are long on top and short at the back and sides -- a style currently in fashion in many countries.

东京各地近200所公立学校将有5条着装规定被废止，包括头发和内衣颜色方面的规范，以及对“二分区式”发型的禁令。这种发型前面长，两边和后面短，眼下在许多国家都很流行。

Other rules being cut include the practice of punishing students with a form of house arrest, and ambiguous language in the guidelines on what is considered "typical of high school students."

其他被废止的规定包括用关禁闭的方式惩罚学生，以及学生守则中模糊提到的“高中生应遵守的”各种规定。

The policy changes go into effect at the start of the new academic year on April 1. The move came after Tokyo's board of education conducted a survey last year that asked schools, students and parents about their views on the policies.

这一政策变动将于4月1日新学年开始时生效。东京都教育委员会去年开展了一项调查，就这一政策询问学校、学生和家长的意见。

Tokyo isn't the only Japanese city with a strict dress code -- similar rules are in effect around the country, with many schools requiring students to wear shoes and socks of a designated color.

东京不是唯一一个着装要求严格的日本城市，日本各地的学校都实行类似的着装规范，许多学校要求学生穿指定颜色的鞋袜。

Schools in Fukuoka, on the island of Kyushu, also have rules restricting students' hairstyles and dictating both the color and pattern of their underwear, according to Japanese newspaper Asahi Shimbun.

据《朝日新闻》报道，九州岛福冈市的学校也限制学生的发型，并要求学生穿指定颜色和款式的内衣。

Like Tokyo, Fukuoka conducted a public survey last year, in which students complained that the dress code caused them stress and limited their self-expression, Asahi reported.

《朝日新闻》报道称，和东京一样，福冈市去年也开展了一项公开调查，受访的学生抱怨说着装规范给他们带来了压力，限制了他们的自我表达。

The issue was thrust into the spotlight in 2017 when a high school student in Osaka prefecture sued her school, a case that attracted national attention and prompted widespread public debate on restrictive dress codes.

2017年，由于大阪府的一名高中生起诉学校，着装规范问题成为关注焦点。这一案件吸引了全国的目光，并引发了公众对约束性着装规范的广泛讨论。

She alleged that she had been forced to dye her naturally brown hair black when she first joined the school, and was told to re-dye it every time her brown roots grew back, according to Asahi. She was eventually given academic penalties for not dyeing it often enough.

据《朝日新闻》报道，这名学生声称她刚进学校时被迫将天生的褐色头发染成黑色，每次她的褐色头发长出来老师都让她重新染发。后来她甚至因为染发染得不够勤而受到学术惩罚。

Her lawsuit complained that the frequent coloring had damaged her hair and scalp, and caused her mental distress. Last year, she won 330,000 yen in damages.

她在起诉书中抱怨说，频繁染发损害了她的发质和头皮，并给她带来了精神上的痛苦。去年，她胜诉并获得33万日元（约合人民币17612元）的损害赔偿。

Other students and families have since spoken out with similar complaints, while several schools have announced changes to their dress codes.

自那以后，其他学生和家长也纷纷提出了类似的投诉，一些学校已宣布将更改着装规范。

This spring, a school in Ube, Yamaguchi prefecture, will become the first in the city to introduce a "genderless" uniform, with students of all genders given a choice between slacks and skirts, Asahi reported -- a major break from the strictly gendered dress codes still widespread in Japan.

据《朝日新闻》报道，今年春天，山口县宇部市的一所学校在日本首次推出“无性别”制服，所有性别的学生都可以选择穿宽松长裤或半身裙，打破了日本当前仍十分普遍的性别分明的着装规范。

Ants can sniff out cancer in humans

科学家发现蚂蚁能嗅出癌症

Ants have the ability to sniff out cancerous cells in humans, a new study has discovered, suggesting they could be used for cancer diagnosis in the future.

一项新研究发现，蚂蚁能嗅出人体内的癌细胞，这表明蚂蚁可用于未来对癌症的诊断。

Researchers from the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) discovered that ant species Formica fusca has a well developed sense of smell.

法国国家科学研究中心的研究人员发现，丝光褐林蚁的嗅觉非常发达。

It was able to differentiate cancerous cells from healthy cells in humans, thanks to their sense of smell, limited trials revealed.

有限的试验显示，这种蚂蚁的嗅觉超强，能够将人体的癌细胞同健康细胞区分开来。

But more clinical tests must be carried out before they could be used in clinical settings like hospitals, the team said.

但是该研究团队表示，还需要进行更多临床测试才能将丝光褐林蚁用于医院等临床环境中。

abolish

英[əˈbɒlɪʃ];美[əˈbɒlɪʃ]

v.废除，废止，取消

prefecture

英 [ˈpriːfektʃə(r)]; 美 [ˈpriːfektʃər]

n.辖区，省，县；地方行政长官职务（或任期）；地方行政长官官邸（或公署）

scalp

英 [skælp]; 美 [skælp]

n.头皮；战利品

vt.剥头皮

vi.剥头皮

英语新闻|连夜搜救，尚未发现东航客机失联人员丨Flight carrying 132 crashes in Guangxi

All-out search and rescue efforts were underway on Monday after a China Eastern Airlines aircraft carrying 132 people crashed in South China's Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region in the afternoon－ending China's 12-year air safety record.

3月21日下午，东航一架载有132人的航班在广西壮族自治区坠毁，终结了中国民航持续12年的飞行安全记录。搜救工作正在全面进行中。

Flight MU5735 left Kunming, capital of Yunnan province, at 1:11 pm and was scheduled to arrive in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, at 3:05 pm. Air traffic controllers lost track of the plane over Wuzhou, Guangxi. The flight was carrying 123 passengers and nine crew members.

MU5735航班于下午1:11离开云南省省会昆明，原定于下午3:05抵达广东省广州市。该航班在广西梧州市上空失联。机上载有乘客123人、机组人员9人。

No report on casualties was available as of press time.

截至记者发稿时，尚无伤亡报告。

In an instruction issued shortly after the crash, President Xi Jinping, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, said he was shocked to learn about the accident and asked for the immediate launch of an emergency response.

事故发生后，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平立即作出重要指示，惊悉东航MU5735航班失事，要立即启动应急机制。

He also asked authorities to organize all-out search and rescue work and to appropriately deal with the aftermath of the accident.

习近平要求有关部门全力组织搜救，妥善处置善后。

Xi stressed swift action be taken to identify the cause of the crash and strengthen and overhaul the safety of the civil aviation sector to ensure the absolute safety of the sector and people's lives.

习近平强调要尽快查明事故原因，加强民用航空领域安全隐患排查，狠抓责任落实，确保航空运行绝对安全，确保人民生命绝对安全。

Premier Li Keqiang also made an instruction on Monday, urging that utmost efforts be made to search for survivors and treat the injured. He also stressed that efforts be made to comfort the victims' families and provide them with necessary help.

国务院总理李克强21日作出批示，要求全力以赴搜寻幸存者，尽一切可能救治伤员，做好遇难者家属安抚和服务。

Li asked authorities to release relevant information in a timely, accurate and evidence-based manner, find the cause of the accident and take measures to strengthen civil aviation safety management.

李克强总理要求有关部门实事求是、及时准确发布信息，认真严肃查明事故原因，采取有力措施加强民航安全管理。

The crash site is in forest near Tengxian county's Molang village. In the afternoon, fire and rescue teams discovered aircraft debris scattered in the forest. No remains of passengers had been found, according to the Guangxi Regional Emergency Management Bureau's fire and rescue department.

记者从广西壮族自治区应急指挥部获悉，东航波音737客机具体坠机地点为梧州市藤县莫埌村附近的一处山林。21日下午，搜救团队发现山林中散落着飞机部分残骸，尚未发现幸存者。 

A forest fire caused by the plane crash has been put out, Ou Ling, political commissar of the Wuzhou Fire and Rescue Brigade, told CCTV.

梧州市消防救援支队政治委员欧灵告诉央视，目前客机坠毁引发的森林火灾已经被扑灭。

"A total of 622 firefighters have arrived at the scene, which is surrounded by mountains on three sides. There is only a narrow road that leads to the site, so heavy vehicles and machinery still can't get in," Ou said.

欧灵说，“共有622名消防员已抵达现场。现场是三面环山的山坳，进入山坳只有一条小路，大型救援装备上不去。”

"Also, it's difficult to carry out search and rescue work at night when the electricity supply isn't stable. …We are drawing up a practical plan to ensure that the search and rescue work can be carried out efficiently."

“此外，在夜间电力供应不稳定的情况下，很难开展搜救工作。......我们正在制定一个切实可行的计划，以确保搜救工作能够有效进行。”

More than 640 firefighters from nearby Yunnan and Guangdong provinces were dispatched to the crash site. Police officers and members of the People's Armed Police Force were also sent to the crash scene for search and rescue work, according to local authorities.

据当地部门，云南省和广东省已派出640多名消防员赶赴现场。公安民警和武警也被派往坠机现场进行搜救工作。

The Civil Aviation Administration of China and the Ministry of Emergency Management have sent task forces to the site to help with the rescue efforts.

中国民航局和应急管理部已经派出工作组到现场，指导协助当地现场救援。

Heavy rainfall was forecast for Monday night and Tuesday, according to the provincial meteorological department, which may hinder search and rescue work.

据广西气象局消息，预计藤县21日晚上到22日白天有大雨，这或影响搜救工作。

China has had a good air safety record over the past 4,227 days. The country's last major plane accident was in August 2010 in Heilongjiang province, when a flight from Harbin crashed in Yichun, killing 44 people.

此前中国民航保持了4227天的飞行安全记录。最近一次空难要追溯到2010年8月，一架由哈尔滨出发的客机在伊春坠毁，致44人遇难。 

China Eastern has grayed out its logo on its Weibo account and also changed its website to black and white－a sign of mourning after the crash was confirmed.

确认该飞机已坠毁后，中国东方航空公司微博头像已变为灰色，其官方网页已改版为黑白页面，以表哀悼。

The airline's work group was also dispatched to the scene. A hotline has been opened for relatives of the passengers, while a gathering area for them was set up at Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport.

东航已派出工作组赶赴现场，并开通家属应急援助专线。此外，广州白云机场已设立家属临时接待区。

casualties

英[ˈkæʒuəltiz];美[ˈkæʒuəltiz]

n.伤亡人员；受害者（casualty的复数）

aftermath

英 [ˈɑːftəmæθ]; 美 [ˈɑːftəmæθ]

n.（战争、风暴、事故的）后果，余波；再萌草，再生草

overhaul

英 [əʊvəˈhɔːl]; 美 [ˈoʊvərˌhɔːl;]

v.彻底检修，全面改造；全面改革（制度或方法）；（尤指在体育竞赛中）赶上，超过

n.大修，彻底检修；（制度或方法的）全面改革

debris

英 [ˈdebriː]; 美 [dəˈbriː]

n.残骸，碎片

Team China identified as bronze winner of Olympic relay race｜认证了！中国接力队递补东京奥运铜牌！

Team China was identified as the third place finisher of the men's 4x100mrelayat the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games, according to the official website of IAAF on Monday.

3月21日，国际田联在官网正式发文认证中国男子4×100米接力队队员递补获得了东京奥运会该项目的铜牌。

The website of the governing body of the world's athletics added Olympic bronze winner in the honors summaries of China's Su Bingtian, Xie Zhenye, Wu Zhiqiang and Tang Xingqiang, who finished fourth at the final race with 37.79 seconds in Tokyo in August 2021. Italy, Great Britain and Canada were the top three.

在国际田联的运动员介绍中，苏炳添、谢震业、吴智强、汤星强的资料上都标注了奥运会铜牌。在去年8月举行的东京奥运会4×100米接力比赛中，这四名队员以37秒79的成绩拿到4×100米接力的第四名，意大利队、英国队和加拿大队分获前三名。

Britain's team wasstrippedof its silver medal after its first leg runner Chijindu Ujah was confirmed to have violated anti-dopingregulations.

由于英国队第一棒选手奇金杜·乌贾违反反兴奋剂规定，英国队的接力银牌将被剥夺。

Ujah tested positive for prohibited substances enobosarm (ostarine) and S-23, Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMS) in an in-competition test after the final race. The substances are all prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).

乌贾于东京奥运会男子4X100米接力决赛后接受了赛内兴奋剂检查，发现其体内含有违禁品“依诺波沙姆”（也称“奥司他林”）和S-23（一种选择性雄性激素受体调节剂SARMS），这是世界反兴奋剂机构一贯禁止使用的。

The Court ofArbitrationfor Sport (CAS) ultimately found Ujah in violation of IOC Anti-Doping Rules after his B-sample analysis conducted in September 2021 confirmed the results of A-sample andruled onFeb 18 that his results in the men's 4x100m relay final as well as his individual results in the 100msprintat the Tokyo Olympics be disqualified.

由于在2021年9月发现乌贾的奥运B瓶尿样检测结果为阳性，国际体育仲裁法庭(CAS)最终于2021年2月18日发布公告，表示乌贾违反了反兴奋剂条例，贾在东京奥运会男子4x100米接力决赛和男子100米比赛中取得的成绩都将被取消。

This will be the first medal in the history for the Chinese relay team. The men's team won the silver at the 2015 Beijing Athletics World Championships.

这是中国男子接力队在奥运会上获得的首枚奖牌。2015年北京田径世锦赛男子4x100米接力决赛上，中国队获得了银牌。

relay

英 [ˈriːleɪ]；美 [ˈriːleɪ]

n. 接力比赛;中继设备;轮换者

doping

英 [ˈdəʊpɪŋ]；美 [ˈdoʊpɪŋ]

v. 给…用兴奋剂

arbitration

英 [ˌɑːbɪˈtreɪʃn]；美 [ˌɑːrbɪˈtreɪʃn]

n. 仲裁;公断

rule on

英[ru:l ɔn]；美[rulɑn]

就…进行裁决[作出决定]

sprint

英 [sprɪnt]；美 [sprɪnt]

n. 短跑

庆祝大熊猫抵美50周年 美国动物园纪念活动丰富多彩| 50 years of giant pandas' presence in US celebrated

The Smithsonian National Zoo in Washington kicked off a six-month celebration on Wednesday of the 50th anniversary of the arrival of two giant pandas, celebrating the close cooperation between China and the US in panda exchanges and preservation.

为庆祝两只大熊猫抵美50周年及中美两国在大熊猫交流和保护方面的密切合作，华盛顿史密森尼国家动物园于3月16日启动为期六个月的庆祝活动。

The first pandas from China in the US－Ling Ling and Hsing Hsing－arrived at the Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute on April 16, 1972.

1972年4月16日，第一批中国大熊猫玲玲和兴兴来到美国史密森尼国家动物园和保护生物研究所。

"We are going to have six months of celebrations both online and at the zoo. People can come to see the cubs and the mom and dad," Brandie Smith, director of the national zoo, told China Daily.

该动物园园长布兰迪·史密斯在接受《中国日报》采访时称：“我们将在网上和动物园举行为期六个月的庆祝活动。游客们可以观看大熊猫幼崽和它们的爸爸妈妈。”

Annalisa Meyer, the zoo's deputy director of communications, said the celebrations will run through Aug 27. The zoo will hold online events, as well as on-site events on April 8 and 21.

动物园公关副总监安娜莉莎·迈耶称，庆祝活动将持续到8月27日。动物园将在4月8日和21日举办线上和线下活动。

Smith said one of the highlights will be a "screening of the film, The Miracle Panda, which is our story of the giant pandas at the national zoo. And we also are going to have an event with the Chinese embassy. The embassy is going to come and provide treats for people as they see the pandas."

史密斯透露，活动的一个亮点是“放映电影《奇迹熊猫》，这部电影讲述的是史密森尼国家动物园里大熊猫的故事。我们还将与中国大使馆一起举办活动，大使馆工作人员会来动物园并给参观大熊猫的游客提供（给熊猫享用）的'零食'。”

The documentary The Miracle Panda, by the Smithsonian Channel, will be screened for a limited time at the zoo's Visitor Center Theater on April 16 and 17.

史密森尼频道纪录片《奇迹熊猫》将于4月16日和17日在动物园游客中心剧院限时放映。

Also on April 16, from 9 am to 2 pm, visitors can enjoy lion dance performances, panda-shaped Bao buns and calligraphy demonstrations. They also can speak with the zoo's scientists who study giant panda biology and ecology, and they can watch the pandas receive special treats.

4月16日上午9点至下午2点，游客们还可以观看舞狮表演、书法表演，品尝大熊猫面点。他们还可以与研究大熊猫生物学和生态学的动物园科学家交谈，并观看大熊猫享用"零食"的过程。

The Giant Panda Family Tree Photo Gallery in the outdoor giant panda exhibit has already been set up, allowing visitors to explore the zoo's successful giant panda breeding program and to follow how cubs born at the zoo contribute to their species' survival in China.

户外大熊猫展的大熊猫家谱影廊已经建成，游客可以了解史密森尼国家动物园成功的大熊猫繁育项目，以及在该动物园出生的幼崽如何为大熊猫在中国的物种繁衍做出贡献。

In 1972, then-US president Richard Nixon and first lady Pat Nixon made a historic visit to China. The first lady went to the Beijing Zoo to visit pandas on their second day in China.

1972年，时任美国总统理查德·尼克松和第一夫人帕特·尼克松对中国进行了历史性访问。第一夫人抵达中国的第二天到北京动物园参观大熊猫。

At a dinner before they left China, Premier Zhou Enlai told Pat Nixon that China would present the US with two pandas, which surprised and delighted her.

在尼克松夫妇离开中国前的一次晚宴上，周恩来总理告诉帕特·尼克松，中国将向美国赠送两只熊猫，这让她既惊讶又高兴。

The two pandas, Ling Ling and Hsing Hsing, lived at the national zoo for more than 20 years. Their arrival not only brought warmth and joy to tens of millions of Americans but also launched the US-China giant panda program.

这两只熊猫玲玲和兴兴在史密森尼国家动物园生活了20多年。它们的到来不仅给数千万美国人带来温暖和欢乐，还开启了中美大熊猫项目。

Now the panda couple, Mei Xiang and Tian Tian, and their cub Xiao Qi Ji ("little miracle"), bornon August 2020, live at the national zoo.

现在，熊猫夫妇美香和添添，以及它们的幼崽、2020年8月出生的小奇迹居住在动物园里。

Mei Xiang and Tian Tian's other three cubs, Tai Shan, born in 2005; Bao Bao, born in 2013; and Bei Bei, born in 2015, were returned to China.

美香和添添的另外三只幼崽2005年出生的泰山、2013年出生的宝宝和2015年出生的贝贝被送回中国。

Smith recalls that the males, Bei Bei and Xiao Qi Ji are "more outgoing" than their brother Tai Shan.

史密斯回忆，雄性大熊猫贝贝和小奇迹比它们的兄弟泰山“更外向”。

"I met these pandas; I know them so well, I remember the moments all of the cubs were born here. And one thing is that we know when they are born that they're going to go to China to be part of the group breeding program," she said.

她说：“我与这些大熊猫相遇，我非常了解它们，我记得所有熊猫幼崽在这里降生的时刻。我们知道它们出生后，将前往中国，成为群体繁殖项目的一部分。”

"So it's almost like any baby. When any baby grows up, you don't want them to stay with you if you want them to go out and to succeed, and so our cubs will go to China, and they will have their cubs and help contribute to the conservation of the species."

“所以就像小宝宝一样。当他们长大后，如果你想让他们走出去并取得成功，就不能让他们留在你身边，因此我们的熊猫幼崽将前往中国，它们将繁育自己的幼崽，并帮助保护这个物种。”

Smith said she has been impressed by the cooperation with the zoo staff's counterparts in China.

史密斯说，与中国动物园工作人员的合作给她留下了深刻印象。

"I’vereally loved working with the giant pandas. They're incredible animals to work with and get to know them as a species. But also, one of my favorite parts is it's not just about working with these animals. It has been about working with colleagues in China," she said.

“我真的很喜欢与大熊猫一起工作。可以与它们工作，并了解这个物种实在太棒了。但我最喜欢的不仅仅是与大熊猫一起工作，还有与中国同事共事。”

"So working with our scientists and other contributors in China to share knowledge about pandas, their habitat and their culture has really been an incredible experience for me."

“与中国的科学家和其他相关人员合作，分享大熊猫栖息地、大熊猫文化等相关知识，对我来说真是一次不可思议的经历。”

The COVID-19 pandemic has created obstacles for in-person communications.

新冠疫情为人员交流往来带来了障碍。

"Normally we go to China several times a year, and our colleagues are trying to come here to visit us. With the pandemic, it's been hard because we haven't been able to see each other in person, but the good thing is that we still have emails, video calls and other ways to communicate," Smith said.

史密斯说：“通常我们一年要去中国好几次，中国同事们试着来美国探望我们。疫情期间，这很难，我们还不能见面，但还好我们仍然有电子邮件、视频电话和其他沟通方式。”

"And from my perspective, it has been as good as it always is. Because we've had such a good relationship over so many years, we respond to each other so well."

“我认为这个项目一直都很棒。因为多年来我们一直保持着良好的关系，我们配合得很好。”

She said she hoped the program "could last for at least another 50 years".

史密斯希望该项目“至少还能持续50年”。

During the interview with Smith, Mei Xiang and Xiao Qi Ji frolicked in an outdoor field of the panda house, while Tian Tian leisurely chewed on bamboo in another field as visitors streamed in to observe the pandas.

在采访史密斯的过程中，美香和小奇迹在熊猫馆的一块户外场地里嬉戏，而添添则在另一边悠闲地嚼着竹子，游客蜂拥而至围观它们。

Brooklyn, a 3-year-old girl, told China Daily that she wanted "more panda mommies and panda babies" to come to the zoo.

3岁的小女孩布鲁克林告诉《中国日报》，她希望“更多的大熊猫妈妈和宝宝”来动物园。

Sue, 62, who was on her annual family vacation, had just visited the pandas at Zoo Atlanta and was now seeing the pandas in Washington.

62岁的苏女士正在享受一年一度的家庭假期，她刚刚在亚特兰大动物园参观了大熊猫，现在又来到华盛顿看大熊猫。

cub

英 [kʌb]；美 [kʌb]

n.幼兽，崽;幼童军（成员/会议）

on-site

英[ɒn sɑɪt]；美[ɒn sɑɪt]

adj.&adv. 现场的; [化]场区内，在工地上，就地

treat

英 [triːt]；美 [triːt]

n.请客；款待

frolic

英[ˈfrɒlɪk]；美[ˈfrɑlɪk]

vi. 嬉戏;嬉闹

stream

英[striːm]；美[striːm]

v.鱼贯而行；涌动；蜂拥

2019年11月，中国武汉华南海鲜市场的郑老板收到了他网购的美国冰鲜大龙虾。他将货物的一小部分分销给了华南海鲜市场内的另一家商户。一个月后，该商户的3名员工陆续出现了新冠肺炎感染症状，郑老板周围13家商店的工作人员在用龙虾包装袋装了东西之后，也成为了最早一批感染者，而与他有货物交易的两个商户，恰好位于疫情核心区。

那么，武汉新冠疫情暴发和美国进口冰鲜大龙虾到底有什么关系？2020年以来，多个国家的多位科学家，都注意到了冷链运输在传播新冠病毒过程中起到的作用。 2020年12月，北京市疾控中心等多个研究所联合在《国家科学评论》发文称，研究发现当年6月中国北京新发地疫情的病毒源头极有可能是境外疫情高发区的冷链进口食品。

世界卫生组织新冠病毒溯源研究联合专家组成员、澳大利亚病毒学家多米尼克·德怀尔说：“我们都认为冷链产品（的传播）是一个合理的假设，需要加以考虑。”

早在2020年10月，澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织的研究人员在实验中就已经证明，新冠病毒可以在较低温度中存活更长时间。

还记得通过冷链进入中国武汉的那一批龙虾吗？它们来自于美国缅因州。

2019年9月，美国缅因州暴发 “电子烟肺炎”。虽然至今电子烟销售量在美国本地仍然持续呈现增长态势，关于“电子烟肺炎”的报告却只持续到2019年12月。2020年2月，美国疾控中心官网不再更新该肺炎的相关情况，对于相关病例的数据收集与分析也停止了。

 2019年12月，美国“电子烟肺炎”神秘消失，中国武汉华南海鲜市场新冠肺炎疫情暴发。 究竟哪里，才是新冠疫情的源头？

Quake off Fukushima kills at least 3 people, cuts power｜日本福岛强地震造成至少3人死亡，电力中断

A magnitude 7.4 earthquake struck off the coast of Fukushima in northern Japan on Wednesday night, cutting off power to more than 2 million homes, including Tokyo, and triggering concerns over thecrippledFukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant.

日本福岛县附近海域16日夜发生7.4级强烈地震，导致包括东京在内的约200万户家庭断电，引发了公众对于福岛核电站事故重演的担忧。

At least three people died and more than 200 were injured in the quake, according to Xinhua News Agency. One of the people who died was a man in his 60s living in Soma, a city in Fukushimaprefecture, local media reported.

据新华社报道，已经确认3人在地震中死亡，至少200人受伤。当地媒体称，其中一位死者已有60多岁，居住在福岛县索马市。

Prime Minister Fumio Kishida said on Thursday that authorities were looking into the situation, including the number of deaths linked to the quake, and the Defense Ministry had sent Self-Defense forces to Fukushima to help with disaster relief.

3月17日，日本首相岸田文雄表示，有关部门正密切关注灾情及伤亡情况，日本防卫部已经向福岛派遣自卫队协助救灾。

"We will take all possible measures to respond to the disaster," Kishida said.

岸田文雄表示，“我们会尽全力应对灾难。”

Thetemblor, which happened at 11:36 pm－two minutes after a magnitude 6.1 quake struck－was a frightening reminder for many in the region, where a magnitude 9.0 quake and tsunami hit 11 years ago, resulting in a nuclear crisis.

地震于当地时间16日23时36分发生，两分钟前，6.1级的地震警醒了许多当地人。11年前，该地区发生了9.0级大地震和海啸，引发了一场核泄露危机。

The Japan Meteorological Agency said the quake occurred in waters off Fukushima at a depth of 57 kilometers, and thejoltswere strong enough to toss people into the air. The agency also warned of quakes of a similar scale for the next week or so.

日本气象厅表示，震源深度为57公里，震动强度足以将人抛向空中，并警告今后一周仍可能发生类似规模的地震。

Tokyo Electric Power Co, the operator of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant, said workers found noabnormalitiesat the site, which is in the process of beingdecommissioned.

福岛第一核电站运营商东京电力公司表示，工作人员没有发现任何异常，该核电站正在逐步被拆解。

Chief Cabinet Secretary Hirokazu Matsuno said there have been no problems with safety at nuclear power plants in the quake-hit areas, though there were reports that water pumps in spent-fuel storage pools temporarily stopped working at the Fukushima Daini plant.

日本内阁官房长官松野博一说，地震灾区的核电站是安全的。不过有报道称，福岛第一核电站的部分机组乏燃料池冷却用水泵一度停止。

Meanwhile, the cooling system for the spent fuel pools at the No 2 and No 5 reactors of the Fukushima Daiichi plant was also reportedly stopped temporarily.

该报道称，福岛第一核电站2号和5号反应堆的乏燃料池冷却系统也暂时停止。

More than 2.2 million households in the Tokyo region, including 700,000 in Tokyo, were plunged into darkness, said TEPCO Power Grid and Tohoku Electric Power Network. Power was later restored to most households on Thursday.

东京电力公司和东北电力网表示，东京地区超过220万户家庭断电，其中东京内的70万户家庭也处于断电状态。3月17日，大多数家庭恢复供电。

A bullet train with about 100 passengers on boardderailedbetween Fukushima Station and Shiroishizao Station in Miyagi prefecture, but no injuries were reported.

地震导致一辆载有约100名乘客的动车在福岛站至白石藏站区间脱轨，但没有人员伤亡报告。

The Chinese embassy in Japan issued an emergency alert on Thursday, warning of aftershocks and secondary disasters like landslides.

中国驻日大使馆3月17日发布紧急警报，警告可能发生余震和山体滑坡等次生灾害。

"Strong aftershocks are still likely to occur within the next week. In order to ensure that nothing goes wrong, we remind overseas Chinese citizens in Japan, especially those living near theepicenterof the earthquake, to be highly alert to aftershocks and potential secondary disasters such as landslides," the embassy statement said.

“据日本气象厅预报，今后一周之内仍有可能发生较强余震。为确保万无一失，提醒广大在日侨胞特别是居住在震源地附近同胞高度警惕余震发生并防范滑坡等次生灾害。”

A spokesperson for the Chinese embassy told China Daily, "There are no reports of casualties of Chinese citizens at the moment, and we are continuing to investigate the situation."

中国驻日大使馆发言人向《中国日报》记者表示，“暂未有关于中国公民伤亡的报道，我们正在继续调查这一情况。”

Public broadcaster NHK said the earthquake appears to have been the result of the apparent sinking of the Pacific plate, and it emphasized the need forvigilancefor a week or so.

据日本广播协会（NHK）电视台报道，这次地震有可能是太平洋板块明显下沉的结果，并强调今后一周左右需要保持警惕。

cripple

英 [ˈkrɪpl]；美 [ˈkrɪpl]

v. 严重毁坏(机器)；破坏(组织、体系)

temblor

英 ['temblə(r)]；美 ['temblər]

n. <美>地震

jolt

英 [dʒəʊlt]；美 [dʒoʊlt]

v.（使）震动；（使）摇动；（使）颠簸

decommission

英 [ˌdi:kəˈmɪʃn]；美 [ˌdikəˈmɪʃən]

v. 拆散(核反应堆、大型机械等)；使退役

derail

英[dɪˈreɪl]；美[dɪˈreɪl]

v.阻挠； 使离开正常进程

Annual reports and lists by different platforms show that psychology, comics about history, and works of literature were the most popular book categories among Chinese readers in 2021, reflecting the major concerns and topics in society.

不同平台的年度报告和榜单显示，心理学类、历史漫画类和文学类是2021年中国读者最喜欢的书籍类别，反映了社会的关注热点和话题。

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the Chinese book market has been experiencing challenges, as sales in 2020 dropped for the first time since 2015 and sales in 2021, although greater compared with the previous year, did not reach the level before the pandemic, according to a report by Beijing OpenBook, a consulting company specializing in the book business.

根据开卷的2021年图书零售市场报告显示，在新冠疫情期间，中国的图书市场一直历经挑战，2020年销售额自2015年以来首次下降。尽管2021年有所回升，但仍然没有恢复到疫情前的状态。

Sales of online books had been growing by more than 20 percent annually over the previous 10 years before 2020 as online platforms and online shoppers grew. However, as the customer base stabilized, online book sales grew by only 1 percent in 2021 year-on-year.

在2020年之前的10年内，随着网络平台和网络购物者的增长，在线图书的销售额每年增长达20%以上。而随着客户群的逐步稳定，2021年在线图书销量同比仅增长了1%。

Physical bookstores are still facing serious challenges posed by the pandemic since most activities went online and visitors declined. Book sales in bookshops in 2021 grew by a little over 4 percent, driven largely by books related to the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, but still dropped by more than 31 percent compared with 2019, according to Beijing OpenBook.

实体书店仍然面临着疫情带来的严峻挑战，大部分活动在线上进行，到店的游客数量也有所下降。根据开卷的报告数据显示，2021年实体书店的图书销量仅增长了4%多一点，主要是受建党百年纪念图书推广活动的影响。但与2019年相比仍下降了31%以上。

Since 2018, sales of literature kept dropping until 2021 when it grew by 4.6 percent year-on-year. What is prominent is that among the top 100 best-selling fiction works published in 2021, 63 were online literary works, Beijing OpenBook's statistics show.

从2018年开始，文学类图书的销量一直在下降，到2021年同比增长4.6%。值得注意的是，根据开卷的报告显示，在2021年出版的最畅销小说100部作品中，有63部是网络文学作品。

The most popular genres of online literature in China include fantasy, romance, martial arts and science fiction. Among the 63 online literary works on the top 100 best-selling list of books published in 2021, most were targeted at women readers, and 22 titles from Tangjia Sanshao's Douluo Dalu(Soul Land) series, first run on qidian.com, were among the best-sellers.

中国最受欢迎的网络文学类型包括奇幻、爱情、武侠和科幻。在2021年出版的100本最畅销图书榜单上的63部网络文学作品中，大多数是面向女性读者的。在起点网首次上线的唐家三少《斗罗大陆》系列中的22部作品被列入最畅销榜单之中。

Shen Yu, a former book editor based in Shanghai, who has observed the industry for more than 10 years, says more people read online literature, which is usually entertaining but lacks in depth and artistic merit, because amid the pandemic people need to find comfort in entertaining texts, in which protagonists usually conquer difficulties and achieve success in either romantic relationships or professional fields.

曾在上海工作的前图书编辑沈宇涉足图书行业超过10年。他表示，越来越多的人阅读网络文学。虽然这些作品大多很有趣，但缺乏深度和艺术价值。在疫情期间，人们需要从娱乐作品中寻求安慰，这类作品通常是主人公历经艰难最终在情感上和事业上双丰收的故事走向。

Despite the fast growth of online literature, the leading seats on the best-selling list are still taken by classic books, with The Three-Body Problem trilogy books occupying the first three places. Among the 100 best-selling fictional works, 12 were published in 2021, mainly new works by established writers, the new editions of classic books and online youth fiction. Yu Hua's novel Wencheng(The Lost City) sold more than 1 million copies in three months since it was published in March 2021, making 10th place on the top 100 best-selling list.

尽管网络文学发展迅速，但最畅销的书籍仍归经典书籍莫属，《三体》三部曲占据了2021年虚构榜单前三位。在100部畅销小说中有12部出版于2021年，主要是知名作家的新作、新版经典图书和网络青春小说。余华的小说《文城》自2021年3月出版以来，在3个月的时间里销量超过了100万册，在畅销书前100位中排名第10位。

"In general, compared with cold hard facts in nonfiction, fiction might be able to give readers more comfort," Shen says.

“总体来说，与非小说类作品中冰冷的纪实相比，小说类可能会带给读者更多的安慰，” 沈宇说道。

Among the 100 best-selling nonfiction works, in addition to British writer Robert De Board's Counseling for Toads: A Psychological Adventure that topped the list, there were 19 other psychological or self-help books. Ten books about family education, and 10 books on economics and finance also entered the list.

在最畅销的非虚构类榜单中，除了英国作家罗伯特·戴博德的《蛤蟆先生去看心理医生》位居榜首外，还有19本心理学类或励志书籍进入榜单。另外还有10本家庭教育书籍和10本经济金融类书籍。

"In 2020 and 2021, people felt more pressure due to the pandemic. That is why psychological books received more attention. Compared with books that instruct people on how to be successful, books that tell people how to adjust themselves psychologically were more popular, such asDanshariby Japanese writer Yamashita Hiteko," says an analyst from Beijing OpenBook.

“在2020年和2021年这两年，新冠疫情让人们的压力更大了。这是心理学类书籍受到更多关注的原因。与教导人们如何成功的书籍相比，告诉人们如何调整心理的书籍更受欢迎，比如日本作家山下英子的《断舍离》。”

Additionally, comic books on history were also popular, with 12 titles of theHalf-an-Hourbook series and eight titles ofIf History Is a Group of Catsseries entering the top 100 bestselling nonfiction list.

此外，历史漫画书也很受欢迎，《半小时》系列和《如果历史是一群猫》系列都进入了非虚构类畅销书排行榜的前100名。

"Comic books have become popular in recent years, first about history and gradually touching fields such as ancient poems, medicine, and science and technology," the analyst from Beijing OpenBook says.

“近几年漫画书越来越流行，首先是关于历史的，再逐渐涉及到古诗、医药和科技类，” 开卷公司的分析师介绍道。

"This kind of book is easy to follow, catering to people's fragmented reading habits, so it sells well," the analyst says.

“这类型的书通俗易懂，迎合了人们碎片化的阅读习惯，所以销路很好。”

As one of the results of the advancement of information technology and media, it seems like that people's ability to read and understand long and complicated texts has declined。

沈宇说，信息技术和媒体发展的后果之一，就是人们阅读和理解篇幅长且复杂的文本的能力似乎下降了。

"We must see such comic books as only being used to popularize basic knowledge rather than elaborate on profound content. Readers usually read them to relax rather than study, so in function they cannot replace normal books on the same topics," the analyst says.

“我们必须知道这样的漫画只是用来普及基础知识的，而不是阐述深刻的内容的。读者读这些书通常是为了放松而不是学习。所以在功能上，它们无法取代相同主题的普通书籍，” 分析师说。

Besides the best-selling lists, a lot of platforms released their lists of "good books" that highlighted major social concerns of 2021.

除了开卷统计的数据外，很多平台也盘点了在2021年反映主要社会问题的好书。

At its annual reading ceremony in mid-January, theBook Review Weekly of Beijing Newsreleased a list of 12 books published in China in 2021 that were "most worth reading". Targeted at the middle-income group, the weekly's list, covering 10 fields, including literature, art, history, social sciences, economy, children, education, and lifestyle, came out after rounds of discussions among 12 experts and scholars in related fields.

在1月中旬的年度读书会上，《新京报书评周刊》经过多轮筛选，从2021年的出版物中挑选出推荐入围书单，该书单面向中等收入群体，涵盖文学、艺术、历史、思想、社科、经济、儿童、教育、生活、新知10个类别。在82本入围推荐书单的基础上，结合12位业内专家学者和评委的意见，确定了最终的12本推荐书单。

Among the 12 books, there are Irish writer Roddy Doyle'sPaddy Clark Ha Ha Ha,Manifeste Incertainby French writer Frederic Pajak,Shaping the Worldby British writers Antony Gormley and Martin Gayford,The Cheese and the Wormsby Italian writer Carlo Ginzburg, andSanbu(Take a Walk) by Chinese illustrator Dawu.

12本书籍中包括爱尔兰作家罗迪·道尔的《童年往事》，法国作家费德里克·帕雅克的《不确定宣言》，英国作家安东尼·葛姆雷和马丁·盖福德的《雕塑的故事》,意大利作家卡洛·金兹堡的微观史名著《奶酪与蛆虫》，还有大吴的作品“散步三部曲”——《散步》《露营》《游河》。

The Second Shiftby US writers Arlie Hochschild and Anne Machung reflects the general concern in Chinese society regarding the low birthrate and parenting.

读者们对美国作家阿莉·拉塞尔·霍赫希尔德和安妮·马钟的《第二轮班：职业父母与家庭变革》的关注反映了中国社会对低出生率和养育子女的普遍关心。

In the last two years, the pandemic has largely restricted the physical space for people's activities and cut off connections with nature. Ouyang Ting's Beifang Youkeshu (There Is a Tree in the North) entered the list because it illustrates how people can find nature in their surroundings. The book contains the writer's observations of Beijing's natural environment and her phenological notes on parks, plants, birds, rains, clouds and wind, presenting a vibrant picture of creatures in the city throughout the four seasons of a year.

在过去两年中，新冠疫情在很大程度上限制了人们活动的物理空间，切断了人们与自然的联系。欧阳婷的作品《北方有棵树》上榜，得益于它向人们展示了人类以外的自然世界。这本书介绍了作者对北京自然环境的观察和她对公园、植物、鸟类、雨、云、风的物候记录，勾勒出“自然北京”及其周边的盎然生机。

"Every spring is different. We must keep our curiosity to ask more questions, which will bring us to farther places," she said at the ceremony.

欧阳婷在读书会上说：“每个春天都是不同的。一定要让自己保持好奇，多一些发问，这种好奇心可以把我们带往更远的地方。”

Disgusting! 3·15 gala exposes the inside story of the production of pickled cabbage

China's consumer rights gala held on Tuesday to mark the World Consumer Rights Day exposed cases of violations of consumer rights in various sectors, including internet security, food safety, live-streaming, blind boxes and beauty clinic training among others.

3月15日是国际消费者权益保护日，中国的3·15晚会曝光了各个领域侵犯消费者权益的案例，包括互联网安全、食品安全、直播、盲盒和美容诊所培训等等。

The 315 Gala, an annual show produced by China Central Television focusing on the protection of consumers' rights, revealed the lack of hygiene in the processing of pickled cabbage, at the Hunan Chaqi Vegetable Co Ltd. this year.

由中央电视台制作"315晚会"是一档关注消费者权益保护的年度节目。今年它揭露了湖南茶旗蔬菜有限公司在加工腌制白菜过程中的卫生问题。

A video showed workers, some wearing slippers, some barefoot, stepping on the pickled cabbage. Others were smoking and one even threw the cigarette butt directly into the cabbage.

视频显示，工人们有的穿着拖鞋，有的光着脚，踩在酸菜上，有的甚至一边抽烟一边干活，抽完的烟头直接扔到酸菜上。

The topic "3.15 Gala pickled cabbage" immediately went viral on social media as consumers are concerned after eating the pickled cabbage flavored instant noodles.

该话题立即引发网友巨大反响。很多消费者在食用老坛酸菜口味方便面后感到担忧。

Master Kong said it has since suspended its cooperation with the pickled cabbage supplier concerned. It also apologized for its lapse and said it quickly ensured all related products were taken off the shelves.

康师傅公开致歉，宣布暂停与插旗菜业的一切合作，并表示将会迅速行动，确保下架所有相关产品。

E-commerce platforms like JD.com, Taobao and Hema later removed the pickled cabbage flavored instant noodles and other related products with the ingredient.

电商平台京东、淘宝和盒马也随后下架老坛酸菜口味方便面和另一涉事的坛坛俏酸菜。

According to Chaqi's website, its partners include KFC, Master Kong and many other businesses. The company also said that it has established strategic cooperative relations with many well-known enterprises, such as Uni-President and McDonald's, on product processing and direct supply of raw materials.

插旗菜业官网介绍，公司与康师傅、统一、肯德基、麦当劳等一大批知名企业建立了产品代加工和原料直供等方面的战略合作关系。

However, Chaqi's website was shut down right after the 3.15 Gala.

然而，在3.15晚会后，插旗菜业关闭了其官方网站。

KFC later said that Chaqi is not one of its suppliers and is contacting the company to take down the misinformation on the website.

肯德基否认插旗菜业为其供应商，并勒令其撤下官网不实信息。

女主播背后的秘密竟然是“抠脚大汉”

The show this year also featured criticism of how some live-streaming e-commerce shows induced male followers to send gifts to attractive, female key opinion leaders (KOLs) who were later impersonated, in some instances, by male members of staff.

今年的晚会还批评了直播领域乱象。一些电商直播节目引诱男粉丝送礼物给女网红，而这些女网红有时是男性工作人员假扮的。 

The gala highlighted a company named Juxiang Huyu, which has a staff team to keep in touch with men who had sent gifts, which could be redeemed for cash, to KOLs enticing them to send more money and tips.

晚会点名了一家名为聚享互娱的公司。该公司有一支团队，专门负责把有打赏经历的粉丝“大哥”找出来，并与其保持联系，引诱他们送更多的礼物和消费。

翡翠直播的江湖骗术：借高价原石发廉价成品

The gala also highlighted the dangers of consumers being persuaded to make snap purchases during live-streaming e-commerce shows. It put its finger on Chengze, an online jewellery store, which invited jade suppliers to its live-streaming show who then promised buyers a discount. However, the TV show conducted a secret interview with a Chengze employee who alleged that the suppliers were actually actors.

此外，3.15晚会还曝光了在一些电商直播间，消费者被诱导进行冲动消费的现象。晚会把矛头指向一家名为承泽翡翠的线上珠宝店。该店邀请玉石供应商参加其直播节目，然后向买家承诺打折。然而，315节目组对承泽的一名员工进行了秘密采访，该员工称这些供应商实际上都是演员。

事关捆绑安装软件：一经曝光秒移除

Irregularities in the information and communications sector have been a constant focus of the 315 Gala in recent years.

近年来，信息通信领域的违规行为一直是3·15晚会的重点。

In terms of internet security, the gala revealed typical cases like bundled installation of computer software and harassing phone calls that leaked personal information.

在互联网安全方面，晚会披露了捆绑安装电脑软件和泄露个人信息的骚扰电话等典型案例。

The gala revealed that the "fast download" button on software download websites is often a trap. It does not lead to the software package that users want, but instead to a "downloader" that plants unwanted software, or even malware, into users' computers.

晚会揭露了一些软件下载网站上的“快速下载”按钮往往是一个陷阱。当选择了所谓的高速下载之后，等待用户的并不是他们想要的软件，而是一道道捆绑陷阱,将不需要的软件，甚至是恶意软件装入用户的电脑中。

The gala took zol.com.cn as an example of such traps. The website ranked 14th among all Chinese website collected by chinaz.com. According to data server SimilarWeb, the site drew more than 36 million visits every month.

晚会将ZOL软件下载网站作为典型。该网站在Chinaz.com收集的所有中国网站中排名第14。根据数据服务器SimilarWeb的数据，该网站每月吸引了超过3600万的访问。

On the software download page of the website, a big, green "fast download" button can be obviously seen. But clicking on the button will lead users to the malware trap.

在该网站的软件下载页面，可以明显看到一个巨大的绿色“快速下载”按钮。但点击该按钮将导致用户进入恶意软件的陷阱。

What's more, the "slow download" is as fast as the malware option, according to people related to the malware trap.

更重要的是，据相关人士，“慢速下载”的速度与恶意软件一样快。

"The speed is exactly the same," a staff member of a company that made the traps told CMG. "But we make 120 million yuan ($18.9 million) a year by planting additional software."

“速度是完全一样的”，一家设置下载陷阱的公司的工作人员告诉央视。“但我们通过植入额外的软件，每年能赚1.2亿元（1890万美元）。”

hygiene

英 [ˈhaɪdʒiːn]; 美 [ˈhaɪdʒiːn]

n.卫生；卫生学，保健学

impersonate

英 [ɪmˈpɜːsəneɪt]; 美 [ɪmˈpɜːsəneɪt]

vt.扮演；模仿；拟人，人格化

redeem

英 [rɪˈdiːm]; 美 [rɪˈdiːm]

v.补救，掩饰……之不足；挽回（声誉），弥补（过错）（redeem oneself）；（尤指基督教中）解救，为……赎罪；偿还（欠款）；兑换（优惠券、彩票等）；赎回（股票、债券等）；履行，遵守（诺言）

malware

英 [ˈmælweə(r)]; 美 [ˈmælweər]

n.恶意软件