Podcast Notes Playlist: Latest Episodes

Drive with Dr. Peter Attia: Read the notes at at podcastnotes.org. Don't forget to subscribe for free to our newsletter, the top 10 ideas of the week, every Monday

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In this episode, Peter sits down with Dr. Linus Abrams, a psychiatrist with nearly 35 years of clinical experience specializing in mood disorders and psychopharmacology, to explore how our understanding of mental health is evolving beyond the traditional neurotransmitter model. After decades in practice, Linus began questioning many of the assumptions underlying modern psychiatry, leading him to investigate how hormones, metabolism, inflammation, circadian biology, and the endocrine system shape mood and cognition. Together, Peter and Linus examine why psychiatric care should aim not only to reduce symptoms but also to restore the full human experience. They discuss how psychiatric medications work, where they fall short, and why distinguishing bipolar disorder from unipolar depression is essential for effective treatment. The conversation also explores the growing mental health burden of social isolationn associated with digital devices and social media, along with the biological factors—nutrition, exercise, sleep, and chronic stress—that influence resilience and distress tolerance. Linus explains the powerful roles of estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and thyroid hormone in regulating mood and cognition across the lifespan. Finally, Peter and Linus review the promise and limitations of ketamine and psychedelic therapies, and why the future of psychiatry may lie in integrating neuroscience, endocrinology, and whole-body physiology to better understand, diagnose, and treat mental illness.

We discuss:

• Linus's passion for understanding his patients and going beyond traditional psychiatry [2:45];
• A short primer on the different classes of drugs used in psychiatry [12:45];
• Evaluation of a patient with bipolar disorder [26:00];
• An evolutionary perspective on depression [33:30];
• Changes in the modern world triggering mental health problems [41:00];
• An evolutionary perspective on insomnia [48:15];
• Peter's window analogy to understand distress tolerance and irritability [49:45];
• The impact of foundational biological factors on psychiatry: nutrition, exercise, sleep, and endocrinology [52:30];
• The effect of estradiol on neurotransmitters in the brain [58:15];
• Options for increasing testosterone in men, and why clomiphene is inferior to exogenous testosterone [1:11:00];
• The rapid drop in progesterone is linked to both premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and postpartum depression [1:14:30];
• Treatment of postpartum depression [1:18:00];
• Hypothyroidism presenting as depression: how Linus makes the diagnosis and what he uses for treatment [1:26:00];
• The link between hyperarousal and chronically elevated cortisol [1:39:30];
• A case where the menopause transition uncovers bipolar disorder [1:44:15];
• Ketamine as a tool to treat recalcitrant depression, and concerns about its recreational use [1:49:15];
• Case study: an Alzheimer's patient who improved after psilocybin, and why Linus is cautious about drawing conclusions from it [1:55:15];
• Peter's experience with psychedelics, and the myth that estrogen is bad for men [2:00:30];
• The therapeutic potential of psychedelics in psychiatry [2:11:00]; and
• More.

Connect With Peter on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and YouTube

Drive with Dr. Peter Attia: Read the notes at at podcastnotes.org. Don't forget to subscribe for free to our newsletter, the top 10 ideas of the week, every Monday

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In this episode, Peter returns to the topic of peptides, offering a clear and accessible guide to a field surrounded by both genuine scientific promise and widespread misinformation. Peptides are increasingly marketed for everything from injury recovery and muscle growth to longevity and improved appearance, often with claims that extend far beyond the available evidence. Rather than promoting or dismissing peptides as a category, Peter presents a practical framework for evaluating any peptide: what it is, how it is supposed to work, and where the science is strong, weak, or simply absent. He then applies this framework to a specific example before examining the risks of gray-market products, concerns about sourcing and quality, and where the field may be headed—ultimately helping listeners distinguish legitimate therapies from hope that has been packaged and sold without sufficient evidence.

We discuss:

• What peptides are and why they must be evaluated individually [3:15];
• A five-question framework for evaluating peptides and other drugs [5:30];
• A three-tier system for classifying the scientific evidence behind peptides [10:00];
• Evaluating BPC-157: unclear mechanisms, absent human evidence, and unknown risks [14:00];
• Why BPC-157's expanding claims do not indicate a broad mechanism [20:45];
• CJC-1295: biological activity versus meaningful clinical benefit [23:30];
• Why testimonials about peptide benefits cannot establish the effectiveness of peptides [27:30];
• The placebo effect, and the importance of controlled trials for evaluating peptides [31:00];
• What FDA approval provides when evaluating peptide safety and effectiveness [34:45];
• Why prescriptions from doctors, compounding pharmacies, and third-party testing do not validate unapproved peptides [38:30];
• Approved peptides sold on the gray market: why evidence for an approved peptide does not automatically extend to gray-market versions [40:45];
• Addressing the claim that pharmaceutical companies ignore effective natural peptides because they cannot be patented [43:00];
• The promise of peptide science, and the risks of the gray-market wellness industry [46:30];
• Why peptide claims must be falsifiable and why evidence should precede widespread use rather than be expected to catch up later [49:00]; and
• More.

Connect With Peter on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and YouTube

The Diary Of A CEO with Steven Bartlett: Read the notes at at podcastnotes.org. Don't forget to subscribe for free to our newsletter, the top 10 ideas of the week, every Monday

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Performance Scientist Dr Andy Galpin reveals the BIGGEST sleep mistakes ruining your health, how to build better energy every day, why your sleep tracker could be making things worse, and whether health optimisation can actually backfire!

Dr. Andy Galpin is a Professor of Kinesiology and Executive Director of the Human Performance Center at Parker University. He has spent over 2 decades working with Olympic gold medallists, world champions, professional athletes, military special forces, and also hosts the Perform with Dr Andy Galpin podcast. 

He explains: 

◼ Why millions unknowingly have a sleep disorder that's silently damaging their health

◼ The morning routine that resets your body clock for better sleep at night

◼ The truth about melatonin, and why most people are taking it the wrong way

◼ The simple sleep tests you can do at home before visiting a specialist

◼ Why waking up exhausted after 8 hours could be a warning sign

Independent Fact Check: https://stevenbartlett.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/DOAC-Andy-Galpin-Independent-Research-Further-Reading.pdf

Chapters

00:00:00 Why do you do what you do

00:03:38 What goals bring people to you?

00:07:30 Health anxiety and over-optimising

00:08:33 Sleep disorders are a health crisis

00:10:29 Does sleep apnea disrupt sleep?

00:14:20 Why is sleep apnea so common?

00:15:17 Do I have a sleep issue?

00:18:28 Pros and cons of wearables

00:21:20 What causes a high resting heart rate?

00:21:48 Why is sleep getting worse?

00:22:58 Morning light and light pollution

00:25:16 How much does sound matter?

00:26:51 Best evidence-based sleep supplements

00:29:25 Do you recommend melatonin?

00:34:38 Is there a downside to coffee?

00:36:46 What mattress should I sleep on?

00:37:49 The real issue with screen time

00:47:08 Sleeping when you share a bed

00:48:48 Sleeping in new environments

00:49:34 Optimal temperature for sleep

00:55:34 Ads

00:57:32 Energy management for high performers

01:02:35 Steve's cholesterol results

01:07:06 Why healthy people can have an enlarged heart

01:10:20 Lowering cholesterol with lifestyle and medicine

01:13:55 Low vitamin D

01:16:42 Omega 3 and mercury levels

01:17:32 Exercise and the SAID principle

01:23:17 Use it or lose it with age

01:27:51 Ads

01:28:53 Is grip strength linked to mortality?

01:33:53 How to build muscle power

01:36:26 Does more exercise equal better?

01:40:59 What supplements do you take?

01:42:56 The best way to lose weight

01:50:25 Exercise and weight loss myths

01:52:32 The 54321 method for fat loss

01:54:08 Why am I not progressing?

01:55:50 Can AI create a workout plan?

02:00:06 What motivates people to change?

02:06:26 Are my goals bad?

02:08:43 What is worth doing if you might fail?

Quiz Links:

PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) — https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/E41eW4P

ASSQ (Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire) — https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/3yDF4PF

ESS (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) — https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/9RKtDoZ

STOP-BANG (Obstructive sleep apnea risk screener) — https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/7UxNsxH

ISI (Insomnia Severity Index, PDF) — https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/4mgzHRs

Follow Dr Andy:

Instagram - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/CQDR1q8

YouTube - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/5Squ4wN

X - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/1Fw5A7k

Podcast - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/Fu8uPd7 

LinkedIn - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/5ykmlog

Website - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/8T6M9KJ

Performance Coaching - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/8QLLu9w

The Diary Of A CEO:

◼ Join DOAC circle here - https://doaccircle.com/

◼ Buy The Diary Of A CEO book here - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/BWjLTZK

◼ The 1% Diary is back - limited time only: https://thediary.com/products/one-percent-diary

◼ The Diary Of A CEO Conversation Cards (Second Edition): https://thediary.com/products/the-conversation-cards-2nd-edition

◼ Get email updates - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/5IB1H6E

◼ Follow Steven - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/AGU9QP4

Sponsors:

Ketone - https://ketone.com/STEVEN for 30% off your subscription order

Shopify - https://shopify.com/bartlett

Function Health- https://functionhealth.com/DOAC

David Senra: Read the notes at at podcastnotes.org. Don't forget to subscribe for free to our newsletter, the top 10 ideas of the week, every Monday

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Travis Kalanick is best known for co-founding Uber and building it into one of the world’s largest transportation platforms. Before Uber, he spent years building Red Swoosh under extreme financial pressure. He says he took no salary for its first four years, repeatedly ran out of money and lost much of his social life to the company before eventually selling it. He later invested much of the proceeds in friends’ startups, becoming the first investor in Expensify.

Kalanick started Uber at 33 and carried the intensity of those earlier years into the company. He describes operating with “precision, perfection and obsession” and continued running Uber with the mentality of someone worried about making the next grocery bill even after the company had reached a valuation of roughly $70 billion. Under his leadership, Uber expanded rapidly across cities and countries, creating a new category of app-based transportation and challenging the entrenched taxi systems that controlled many local markets.

Uber’s growth depended on empowering young operators to build markets from scratch while maintaining tight control over the decisions that mattered most. Kalanick personally participated in the pricing process for the company’s first 20 to 30 cities, using each launch to refine a playbook that could eventually operate without him. He describes this management philosophy as finding the line between order and chaos: using the fewest possible rules while preserving the structure required to move quickly at scale.

After leaving Uber, he returned to company building within months. His current company, Atoms, is developing artificial intelligence and specialized robotics for industries including food, mining and transportation. Kalanick describes his role as “problem solver in chief,” focusing on the most consequential problems that are not already being solved and pursuing what he considers his broader calling: digitizing the physical world.

Show notes: https://www.davidsenra.com/episode/travis-kalanick

Made possible by

Ramp: https://ramp.com

AppLovin: https://applovin.com/senra

Deel: https://deel.com/senra

Chapters

(00:00:00) Building Atoms & the Meta Problem of Management

(00:03:51) The Appeal of Impossible Problems: Starting Over in China

(00:12:19) Uber vs. Didi: Copycats, Hypergrowth & China's Rules

(00:21:02) How Network Effects Become an Efficiency Fortress

(00:31:48) Capitalism vs. the Taxi Cartel

(00:44:05) The China War Goes Global & the Entrepreneur's Capacity for Pain

(00:54:04) Life After Uber: Lawfare, Media Narratives & Reputation

(00:58:21) What Founders Get Wrong About Venture Capital

(01:08:35) The Fundraising Playbook: QED Storytelling & a Five-Room Auction

(01:18:38) The Uber Coup, Radical Accountability & Outgrowing Fear

(01:26:42) Why Specialized Robots Beat Humanoids at Industrial Scale

(01:31:30) Finding Your Sport: Food, Mining & the Physical AI Stack

(01:40:14) How to Build Many Companies Inside One Company

(01:46:33) Entropy, Civilization & the Meaning of Progress

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Founders: Read the notes at at podcastnotes.org. Don't forget to subscribe for free to our newsletter, the top 10 ideas of the week, every Monday

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Claude Shannon changed your life and you probably don't even know it. Claude is the father of information theory. He transformed information into bits and created the intellectual foundation for computers, the Internet, digital media, high-speed communication, and Artificial Intelligence.

The way Claude Shannon worked is what interested me the most. He combined extraordinary abstract reasoning with an engineer’s instinct to build. He reduced complex problems to their essential structure. He connected ideas across mathematics, engineering, cryptography, artificial intelligence, investing, chess, juggling, and robotics. He treated every experience as material that he might later combine into a new insight.

He was also relentlessly independent, guided more by curiosity and freedom than recognition, money, or usefulness.

This episode is what I learned from rereading A Mind at Play: How Claude Shannon Invented the Information Age by Jimmy Soni and Rob Goodman.

Made possible by:

Ramp: ⁠⁠https://ramp.com⁠⁠

AppLovin: ⁠⁠https://www.applovin.com

Vanta: ⁠⁠https://vanta.com/founders

0:00 — "The great insights don't spring from curiosity alone, but from dissatisfaction... A genius is simply someone who is usefully irritated."

1:36 — "It seems to be much easier to make two small jumps than one big jump in any kind of mental thinking." — Shannon

4:41 — "He was a man almost entirely written out of a history that's defined by self-promoters. His was a life spent in the pursuit of curious, serious play."

5:20 — "He worked with levity and played with gravity. He never acknowledged a distinction between the two."

6:00 — "Geniuses are the luckiest of mortals because what they do is the same as what they most want to do."

6:59 — "I do what comes naturally, and usefulness is not my main goal. I keep asking myself, 'How would you do this? Is it possible to make a machine to do this? Can I prove this theorem?'" — Shannon

11:50 — "Chemistry always seemed dull to me. There's too many isolated facts and too few general principles for my taste." — Shannon

19:09 — "Specialization is the death of genius." — Vannevar Bush

19:18 — "The possibilities of being at once both broad and deep did not pass with Leonardo da Vinci or Benjamin Franklin." — Vannevar Bush

25:13 — "I had the freedom to do anything I wanted from almost the day I started. They never told me what to work on." — Shannon on Bell Labs

26:41 — "I've been working on three different ideas simultaneously, and strangely enough, it seems a more productive method than sticking to one problem." — Shannon

32:55 — "My fondest dream is to someday build a machine that thinks, learns, communicates, and manipulates its environment in a fairly sophisticated way." — Shannon

35:05 — "Before Shannon, information was a telegram, a photograph, a paragraph, a song. After Shannon, information was entirely abstracted into bits."

38:04 — "After the effort of discovery, the effort of communication was secondary by far. He had solved a problem to his own satisfaction, and that, as far as he was concerned, was enough."

40:55 — "I've spent lots of time on totally useless things... He made no distinction between his interest in information and his interest in unicycles. They were all moves in the same game."

46:54 — "Shannon seemed to think with ideas more than with words or formulas. A new problem was like a sculptor's block of stone, and Shannon's ideas chiseled away the obstacles until an approximate solution emerged." — Ed Thorp

47:19 — "I simply removed everything that was not David." — Michelangelo

47:25 — "I don't think I was ever motivated by the notions of winning prizes. I was more motivated by curiosity, never by the desire for financial gain. I just wondered how things were put together." — Shannon

47:49 — "I think the history of science has shown that valuable consequences often proliferate from simple curiosity." — Shannon

48:37 — "The important people and events of history are the thinkers and innovators, the Darwins, the Newtons, the Beethovens, whose work continues to grow influence in a positive fashion." — Shannon

Dan Carlin's Hardcore History: Read the notes at at podcastnotes.org. Don't forget to subscribe for free to our newsletter, the top 10 ideas of the week, every Monday

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Is it safe to hand control of the deadliest army in the world to a 20-year old? If you are Thracian, Triballian, Illyrian or Theban, the answer is definitely no. Alexander becomes king and fights off threats to his rule in all directions.

Art of Manliness: Read the notes at at podcastnotes.org. Don't forget to subscribe for free to our newsletter, the top 10 ideas of the week, every Monday

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People are told their whole lives how important it is to find their purpose. But many find the search frustrating. They feel there's one true calling or one grand goal they're supposed to be pursuing, but they can't seem to discern what it is.

My guest, Jordan Grumet, author of The Purpose Code, says that searching for what he calls your big P purpose can be fruitless and even harmful, and that a better path is to embrace a life of little p purposes. Today on the show, Jordan explains the difference between big P and little p purposes and argues that the former can lead to anxiety while embracing the latter can be the path to meaning, satisfaction, connection, and even the legacy you were looking for in the first place. We discuss how Jordan found his way to this philosophy after burning out as a doctor, practical ways to discover your own little p purposes, what he thinks we get wrong in making family our purpose, and what his work in hospice has taught him about living a life without regret.

Connect With Jordan Grumet

• Jordan's website
• Jordan's Substack: The Purpose Code

 00:00 Intro & Show Overview

0:41 Meet Jordan Grumet

1:46 From Doctor to Purpose Writer

5:00 Big P vs Little P Purpose

8:32 Why Purpose Talk Makes People Anxious

11:15 What the Research Says

13:42 Burnout and Big P Purpose

16:18 The Podcasting Example: Process vs Goals

19:42 Legacy Through Little P Purpose

28:24 Finding Your Purpose Anchors

38:01 The Climb: Building Your Purpose

43:14 Family, Regrets, and Final Thoughts

See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

My First Million: Read the notes at at podcastnotes.org. Don't forget to subscribe for free to our newsletter, the top 10 ideas of the week, every Monday

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$1M Attention Guide: 15+ ways to get eyeballs on what you're building https://clickhubspot.com/tkwc

Episode 845: Sam Parr ( https://x.com/theSamParr ) and Shaan Puri ( https://x.com/ShaanVP ) talk to marketing legend Rory Sutherland ( https://x.com/rorysutherland ).

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Show Notes:

(0:00) Intro 

(1:44) Horsepower

(12:15) Reverse benchmarking

(17:38) Pay attention to what irritates you

(21:47) Ogilvy secrets

(27:28) Marketing hacks used by Apple, UBER, McDonald's

(36:35) direct response marketing 101

(1:08:50) Recommended reading

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Links:

• Alchemy - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01F1HOAWA 

• Illusion of Choice - https://www.amazon.com/dp/0857199749 

• Nassim Taleb books - https://www.amazon.com/stores/Nassim-Nicholas-Taleb/author/B000APVZ7W 

• Ogilvy on Advertising - https://www.amazon.com/dp/039472903X 

• Writing That Works - https://www.amazon.com/dp/0060956437 

• When More Is Not Better - https://www.amazon.com/dp/1647820065 

• Scientific Advertising - https://a.co/d/0ixEJA1B 

• The Choice Factory - https://a.co/d/0ixa769O 

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Check Out Sam's Stuff:

• Hampton (joinhampton.com): My community for founders. Average member does $25m/year. Many of the guests are members. Get after it...apply: http://joinhampton.com/mfm

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Check Out Shaan's Stuff:

• Shaan's weekly email - https://www.shaanpuri.com 

• Visit https://www.somewhere.com/mfm to hire worldwide talent like Shaan and get $500 off for being an MFM listener. Hire developers, assistants, marketing pros, sales teams and more for 80% less than US equivalents.

• Mercury - Shaan uses Mercury across all of his companies. you can too: http://mercury.com/ 

Mercury is a fintech company, not an FDIC-insured bank. Banking services provided by Choice Financial Group, Column, N.A., Members FDIC

• I run all my newsletters on Beehiiv and you should too + we're giving away $10k to our favorite newsletter, check it out:

beehiiv.com/mfm-challenge

My First Million is a HubSpot Original Podcast // Brought to you by HubSpot Media // Production by Arie Desormeaux // Editing by Ezra Bakker Trupiano /

Dan Carlin's Hardcore History: Read the notes at at podcastnotes.org. Don't forget to subscribe for free to our newsletter, the top 10 ideas of the week, every Monday

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What's the recipe for making a historically world-class apex predator? In the case of Alexander the Great, it might be the three Ns: Nature, Nurture, and Nepotism.

Founders: Read the notes at at podcastnotes.org. Don't forget to subscribe for free to our newsletter, the top 10 ideas of the week, every Monday

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In 2024 Brad Jacobs wrote the book How to Make a Few Billion Dollars.

In the book Brad explains how he built 8 separate billion dollar companies and other lessons from his 40+ year career as an elite entrepreneur.

In the two years since Brad has made a few MORE billion dollars and so the sequel to his first book is: How to Make a Few MORE Billion Dollars.

In this episode I share some of Brad's ideas on raising tons of money (Brad has raised over $50 billion), mastering his integration playbook, ideas for organizational integration, org chart design, and how Brad keeps his mind centered and in a positive place to handle the inevitable ups and downs of building great companies.

Episode sponsors: ⁠

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Automate compliance, security, and trust with Vanta.⁠ ⁠⁠⁠Vanta helps you win trust, close deals, and stay secure—faster and with less effort⁠⁠⁠⁠. ⁠⁠⁠Find out how increased security leads to more customers by going to Vanta⁠⁠⁠. Tell them David from Founders sent you and you'll get $1000 off. https://vanta.com/founders⁠⁠⁠

Collateral⁠⁠ transforms your complex ideas into compelling narratives. Collateral crafts institutional grade marketing collateral for private equity, private credit, real estate, venture capital, family offices, hedge funds, oil & gas companies, and all kinds of corporations. Storytelling is one of the highest forms of leverage and you should invest heavily in it. You can do that by going to ⁠⁠https://collateral.com