Pushing The Limits

Do you ever pay much attention to your feet? Our feet are our first point of contact with the ground, and we walk around on them all day. But most people just wear shoes and call it a day. And if you're a runner, then all the more reason to maintain good foot health! So how do we take care of our feet?

Dave Liow, an exercise physiologist and holistic movement coach, joins me in this episode to discuss feet and how to optimise foot health. We talk about some common foot conditions, and he also shares advice on selecting the right shoes and improving foot mechanics.

For runners and everyone else, don't miss this episode and learn how you can achieve good foot health!

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Here are three reasons why you should listen to the full episode:

1. Find out how to take better care of your feet.
2. Discover the benefits of going barefoot.
3. Learn how to select the right shoe for you.

Resources

• Holistic Movement Coach on YouTube
• The HMC Footy Show, foot exercises on YouTube
• How to start looking after your feet on YouTube
• Exercises for bunions on YouTube
• Holistic Movement Coach website

Episode Highlights

[03:29] Why Feet?

• When he started looking at movement, Dave noticed that the feet were one of the areas trainers had no idea about.
• People have 28 bones in the feet and 55 articulations from below the knee. Over a third of the bones here are in the feet, which tells us how important they are.
• It's an area largely being neglected by movement experts and professionals.

[05:45] What Shoes Do to Our Feet

• So much space in the brain is devoted to our feet and hands, and if you walk around with sensory deprivation chambers on them, you'll lose that space.
• The bottom of the foot (plantar fascia) is extremely precarious, full of reflectors that send information to your brain about how you're moving and interacting with the ground.
• By wearing shoes, we break that link.

[09:56] Improving Foot Mechanics and Foot Health

• Keep your feet out of shoes as much as possible. Whenever Dave has the chance to go barefoot, he does.

• By going barefoot, you are giving as much information to your feet as you possibly can.
• Shoes provide a lot of support for your feet. Not wearing shoes will improve your feet's strength.
• A healthy foot is a mobile foot. If you can't do a lot with your toes, it shows you need to do some conditioning on your feet to make them smarter and stronger.
• Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common foot problems runners encounter. Listen to the full episode to learn more about some of the most common foot conditions!

[17:21] Bunions and How They Affect Your Foot Health

• The exact cause of bunions is up for debate, but there is certainly a genetic and environmental component to it.
• A bunion is when your big toe starts to go in and some calcification forms around the joint.
• Bunions cause compressions in the foot, leading to problems in the nerves between the bones of your foot.
• There should be adequate space between your toes, allowing your foot to move and breathe. This also applies to your footwear—your shoe should have a wide toe box to give your toes enough space.
• You can do foot exercises for bunions to prevent the need for surgical treatment.

[24:10] How to Deal with Plantar Fasciitis

• Typically, people who have plantar fascia issues will feel the bottom of their foot locked up, especially in the morning.
• Increasing your running distance too quickly and incorrect foot mechanics are common causes of plantar fasciitis.
• Icing the foot takes some of the pain away. Applying light pressure on the affected area can hydrate the tissues and make them healthier.
• Adding the right kind of load to it will help line up the fibres and make it strong again.
• Movement issues can disappear if you keep your body balanced.

[29:55] On Running Shoes

• Dave and Lisa talk about a shoe that reportedly takes 4% of your running time.
• More track records are broken lately due to the improvement in the technology used to create running shoes. These new shoes are all about sports and performance, not health.
• There are different types of shoes for different purposes.
• Being barefoot all time can also cause issues because what goes on your skin can absorb what goes on it.

[37:11] The Truth about High Heels

• When you add an incline to your heel, it lifts you and pushes you forward, breaking your kinetic chain.
• To avoid falling on their faces, people who wear high heels adjust by pushing their posture forward and arching the lower back more.
• When you're in high heels, you're effectively pointing your toes. This shortens the calf muscles, which can end up reducing the motion in your ankle, pulling you into pronation, and collapsing the arch.
• Wearing high heels often can change the way your muscles work.

[44:21] Supplementation for the Cartilage and Joints

• Dave reads up on what he thinks is useful and what's not, and he uses it on an individual basis.
• A decent multivitamin is a good place to start.
• Dave is a fan of probiotics and fish oil. However, if you're sensitive to histamine, do your research first before taking probiotics.
• He also recommends working fermented food like kimchi and sauerkraut into your diet if it suits you.

[51:08] Dave's Take on Orthotics

• Dave thinks if you have a foot without a structural issue or a neurological deficit, you can do without orthotics.
• Orthotics provide support and are often prescribed to block motion.
• Foot mechanics change when you have your foot on the ground versus in the air. A lot of the mechanics that are put into orthotics aren't done in a closed chain, which changes the whole way the foot works.
• If you think you may need an orthotic, consult first with someone who knows how they work and can give you proper advice.
• Dave takes a holistic approach when it comes to foot health

[1:00:06] Dave's Experience with Reflexology

• There are different types of reflexology, but it's often associated with feet.
• The idea is your body is represented in smaller areas of your body that you can access.
• Dave has tried reflexology on himself, and it worked well.
• He particularly had some good results with the sinus points around the toes, which help to clear the sinuses.
• He finds it relaxing, because looking after your feet is looking after your whole body—it's all connected.

[1:02:52] How to Select the Right Shoe

• Be careful of the marketing of shoe science.
• In reality, it isn't the shoe that makes the difference.
• Pick a neutral shoe that feels good.
• Research shows the more comfortable your shoe is, the more efficient you are.
• Get the lightest and the most minimalist shoe that you are happy with.

7 Powerful Quotes from This Episode

'I'm constantly dumbfounded by how little care people have taken on their feet'.

'The foot and the ankle are a huge player in my model and certainly one that I think having a very big impact on how people move well'.

'Shoe choice doesn't start and finish when you're done running—it's throughout the day'.

'Be careful where you expose your feet to because it will go in you and then we'll take it into your health. There's time and place for everything'.

'It's not about speed and power… It's keeping everything as best as you can in optimal performance and stopping things before they fall down the cliff and being in that preventative space'.

'If you think you can get everything out of your diet, even if you're eating organic, you probably can't… So certainly, some supplementation is useful'.

'It's not the shoe that does the running; it's the person that does the running. Technique and conditioning and looking after yourself and your health has much more effect than a shoe ever will'.

About Dave Liow

Having mentored many coaches and trainers in New Zealand and Australia, Dave Liow is following his passion for sport and health and love for teaching. As a health professional, exercise physiologist and the founder of the Holistic Movement Coach Programme, he is constantly striving to find ways to be healthier and move better.

You may connect with Dave on LinkedIn or Facebook. You can also visit his website or watch his YouTube videos to learn how to take better care of your feet.

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To pushing the limits,

Lisa

Full Transcript of the Podcast!

Welcome to Pushing The Limits, the show that helps you reach your full potential with your host, Lisa Tamati, brought to you by lisatamati.com.

Lisa Tamati: Hi everyone, and welcome back to Pushing The Limits this week. So I have two guests. Dave Liow this time. Now Dave is a repeat offender on the show, and I love having him to guest. He is one of my great mentors. And I hope you're gonna get a lot out of today's session.

Today, it's all about feet or so. This is one for the runners out there for sure. But also for just optimizing your foot health and also the whole kinetic chain, your feet where you connect with the ground obviously, and it affects your whole body. So we go to a deep dive into looking after yourself in regards to your feet. For the runners out there, it's all about playing for charters and bunions and picking the right running shoes. But there's also a whole lot of need for people to just have—want to know about good foot health.

Before we head over to the show, Christmas is coming. So if you want to grab one of my books, or one of my jewellery pieces, I'll love that. You can head over to lisatamati.com. All the things are on there. And we're gonna be having a little break over the Christmas period. Maybe one, maybe two weeks from the show. I'm not quite sure at the stage, depending on the team's requirements over that period. So I hope you do have a good time of the Christmas. If you're listening to this afterwards, I hope the New Year's starting off really well for you.

Before I go over to the show, just a reminder, I do have a couple of places left. We're nearly full on our one-on-one consultations, health optimization coaching. If you have a problem that you'd like to get help with, whether it's a high performance, whether you're a top athlete and wanting to get to the next level, whether you're wanting to work on your mindset, or maybe you've got a really complicated health challenge that you're just not getting any answers for, or you're having trouble sifting through all of the information and getting the right stuff—then please reach out to me, [email protected]. Right. Now over to the show with Dave Liow from the Holistic Movement Coach.

Lisa Tamati: Well, hi everyone. Welcome back. Today I have the amazing, the incredible, awesomest, Dave Liow on the show. Dave, welcome back, repeat offender.

Dave Liow: Hi Lisa.

Lisa: I'm super stoked to have you today.

Dave Liow: For the podcast you mean, right?

Lisa: You're a repeat offender for the podcast. Coming back to give us more. Not an offender in any other way.

Dave is an expert that I've had on before and he's definitely one of my mentors. And he's been to—Neil, my business partner for many years. And he is a mentor to many of the coaches and top trainers in New Zealand and Australia. So that's Dave's background. And you've got a background in physiology, don't you Dave?

Dave: Yes.

Lisa: You have a company called the Holistic Movement Coach. And will you—we're going to talk today about feet. People are like, 'Wow, that's really interesting topic to talk about'. But it is. It's really, really exciting. Last time we had you on the show, we talked about the science of life, and that was one of the most popular episodes. So I'm really…

Dave: Great!

Lisa: …happy to have you back on and to share some more of your absolute amazing wisdom. So today we've picked feet. What are we gonna to talk about, Dave? What are we going to share about feet and what you need to be aware of?

Dave: Well feet's one of those interesting ones. So from—as a movement professional, which is really my background. Though, being a holistic movement coach, if you just look at movement, you're gonna come unstuck pretty soon. So when I started looking at movement though, one of the things that I noticed that was one of the areas that were neglected were feet.

So we're seeing or looking at people's lumbar spines all the time and come to wideness not losing link from the top of the head. But a lot of trainers and movement professionals weren't even looking at people's feet. They had no idea what was going on, underneath those shoes of theirs.

So for those of you who might think about maybe the back, whatever. Imagine if someone was wearing a big potato sack over their whole body, and you couldn't see where the spine was at trying to train them. So trying to work with someone and get them to move well without looking at their feet is to me just crazy.

Lisa: Yes, nonsensical.

Dave: Yeah. And we've got 28 bones in the feet. So 28 bones, and we've got 55 articulations from below the knee.

Lisa: Wow.

Dave: So over a third of the bones are in the feet there. So that tells you about just how important that area is there. We have a look at the muscles that run down below the knee too. We've got 50 muscles. So added it, 276 ortho muscles, I think that's about right muscles. We have 50 below the knee so that shows you just how important there is. And it's an area that I think has been largely neglected by moving professionals.

Lisa: Yes, it makes the total amount of sense. And we are on them all day, and we just shove them in a pair of shoes. And sometimes those shoes, you know, like ladies' high-heeled shoes, and tight shoes, and badly shaped shoes and don't do a lot barefoot—going out barefoot. Let's start there, let's start like—what does shoes do? When we put a pair of shoes on our feet? What sort of things are we taking away from our brain? Like, I always liken it to going around with a pair of gloves on my hands all day. I'm not going to be able to paint a picture and initiate anything, am I? Because I've just taken away all my proprioception and my ability to coordinate those fine motor controls with my hands. So we get that sort of analogy but actually, we do that to our feet all the time.

Dave: And that's a wonderful analogy, Lisa. And so the representation in your brain of your body is called homunculus. So your brain has representations of all your different body parts. And some body parts are represented very, very—have a very large representation in the brain because they may have a lot of sensation and require a lot of fine movement.

So there's a huge representation in your brain of your face because if you look at the number of expressions you can do, and the articulations you can do with your tongue, your lips—there's a lot of area in the brain devoted to the face. Same with the hands as well. So you look at the fine movements you can do in your hands, isn't it? And how pink your hands are say compared to your elbow. It's incredible how much space in the brain is devoted to the hand.

Now one other is the feet. The feet have a massive representation in the brain as well. But with that, though, we know the brain is plastic. It can evolve and it will adapt to whatever environment you're putting it into. If you're walking around with that, the gloves on your hand, or in this case as one of my mentors Phillip Beach would say, 'With sensory deprivation chambers on your feet'…

Lisa: Wow.

Dave: '…you will lose that representation in your brain'. And the bottom of the feet is extremely propiocept. Isn't it? So many on that plantar fascia, that part of the foot there, is full of receptors which send information up to your brain. Giving you information about where you are, how you're interacting with the ground, and how you're moving. And without that, and by breaking that link there, there's a price to pay.

Lisa: Yes, yes. And we just willy nilly wear shoes from the day we're born, pretty much. And if we're lucky in childhood, we might have run around bare feet a little bit. But most of us have got his feet and shoes all day. So you're saying that the—what did you call it? the munculus?

Dave: Homunculus.

Lisa: Humunculus?

Dave: Homunculus.

Lisa: I never heard one before. I did, like, hear the representations. Like I don't know where I picked this up, some podcasts, some ways, something. If you have two fingers that you tape together for say a month.

Dave: Yes.

Lisa: When you untape them, you are unable to move them separately because the brain has wired them as being one unit. Another example of this is where people—they lose a limb. The brain still has the representation of that limb, even though the limbs are gone and they feel the pain of that limb. And this is like, the brain is like, 'Hey, why? Where's my arm gone? Where's my leg gone'? or whatever.

And we're doing this to much lesser degree but when we don't need our toes and our things wiggle and wobble and do the proprioception. Okay, and we can improve our performance. Now, as runners are listening to us, let's talk about a little bit why this is important for runners to be able to sense the grounds and have good proprioception. So what are some of the advantages of having good—taking good care of our feet and maybe going bare feet a little bit.

Dave: Oh, massive. One of my buddies, one of the things he has around feet—he has a lot of background in horse training. And he says, 'No foot, no horse'. If you have a horse which damaged his hoof, then that's pretty much the end of that horse. They can't do a lot. And for you being an ultra-runner, Lisa, I'm sure you understand when your foot goes wrong.

Lisa: Oh, yes. I'm in trouble.

Dave: Yes, you are, you're in a lot of trouble. So I'm constantly dumbfounded by how little care people have take on their feet. I work on my feet every day without fail.

Lisa: Wow.

Dave: I'm certainly not an ultra-runner. I'm not the same class as you guys. But the amount of care that I take on one of my major movement teachers… I know this time when I lift…

Lisa: So okay, what are some of the things that you would do to improve your foot mechanics and your proprioception and stuff? I mean, obviously, it's a little bit difficult with our podcasts and we can't show. I've got some video but…

Dave: So there's that saying, 'use it or lose it'. If your foot's in a sensory deprivation chamber, you're gonna lose it pretty quick. So I like my foot to be out of things as much as possible, though...

Lisa: Like right now?

Dave: Yes. Quite a surprise, no shoe. Yes, I don't really wear shoes much. I wear [10:14 unintelligible] more than other shoes. If I'm running off-road, I'll certainly—and on concrete—I'll wear some shoes. And we'll kind of talk about the shoe design a bit later on. But whenever I can go barefoot, I will. So if I can give as much information to my feet as possible—that's going to keep them smart, but also gonna keep them strong because shoes add support. That's what they are.

Lisa: Yes.

Dave: You will not believe how much support shoes add. And you'll notice when you take them away, if you try and run barefoot, if you've been wearing sickly shoes with a lot of stability that added in there. So by going barefoot a fair amount of time, you get a very strong foot as well. So that doesn't come down to running shoes. And I guess we'll talk about running shoes in a bit.

But if you're wearing running shoes all day, even when you're not running, well, you're adding support there 24/7. I understand that some people might want more support when you're running, when you've got high forces going through your feet, but walking around and running shoes all day or highly-supportive shoes. You're basically walking around with.

Lisa: Crutches. Yes, and making yourself lazy. You're making yourself lazy. Yes.

Dave: Yes, right. So you're certainly going barefoot as much as possible. Now I do a lot of work at night to make sure that my foot's mobile. A healthy foot is a mobile foot. So one of the things that they'll often say is 'the foot is not a hoof'. A hoof is rock solid and hits the ground and off the coast. So look at what you can do with your hand. Okay, you should do an awful lot with your toes as well and get them moving. So if you've lost the ability to do that, it really shows that you need to do some conditioning work on your feet and get them smarter and stronger.

Lisa: And if you don't, this is where some problems come up. If you can wiggle your toes and all that sort of stuff, you can prevent issues like yes—let's look at a couple of a common running problems that people get. Things like plantar fasciitis is a biggie, or even going up the leg a little bit. Like shin splints, and the problems in the calf, in the Achilles. Are these coming from the feet at all?

Dave: Well, they're coming from running. And there's some sort of mechanics going on there. But think of the foot, that's your first contact with the ground. When that goes wrong, everything in the chain will [12:37 unintelligible]. And if we think about something like a marathon, you've got 30 to 50,000 impact on the ground. That's a lot of race. So something's going wrong. This repetition over and over and over again. That's gonna end up breaking you.

And we're talking about forces, which you can't—two to five times your body weight depending how you're running. Now that's a hell of force, a hell of a repetition. If something's not working right there, you will pay the price. Will you pay that price? Well, it depends.

But if we look at running injuries, straight off the top. Probably 15% of those will be at the knee. So the knee is normally the one that pays the price. But you know, I often say this in my lectures. Knee's a dump. I knew that they kind of extracted and they've been—they have a little bit of rotation. But you see that one too much. And they have a little bit of sideways motion, but you don't want too much of that either. So the knees are dump. So it's not only the knees fault that the knee gets some problems. It's normally the foot and ankle, or it's normally the hip, that's normally where I'll go.

And if you're a runner and you're getting knee pain, I'd be looking at either the foot and ankle. After the foot and ankle I will be looking at their hips straight away. There's something going wrong in those areas there. So about 50% of people will get knee pain more common in females than males by a long shot. Now, we look at kind of around, kind of Achilles as well. That's another area that can get a fair bit of problems as well. That's probably around…

Lisa: That's mum, as usual. Ringing in the middle of the podcast.

Dave: Calling mum. So around 10% of people get Achilles issues. That's another really common one and that's more a male thing. So that's the case, the 40 plus male is that actually the shoe. But then you'll get your IT band and touch that, which is probably around like 5% of the injuries. [14:32 unintelligible] can be in the foot or your tibia as well. And that's probably around 5% too.

So those are the main injuries. You'll see that getting running back, but knees if I was gonna go after one injury in running, knees are normally the one that pay the price. And there's certainly a big relationship between the foot and the knee. Ginormous.

Lisa: Right. So it's not always go up. Mechanics of the knees is the actual problem is down, or above, or below.

Dave: Yes. Almost always. Unless you've had an impact at the knee? Yes, you can treat the knee and always look at knee because if people come and see you for a knee injury, if you start playing the beat straight away, they'll go, 'Well, hang on'.

Lisa: 'What's this going on'? But it does make sense that the kinetic chain and the linking together and trying to find out where the original problem was coming from. Not just where—because like Neil's always said to me, 'You know, like, if you've got a problem with your ankle, it can affect your shoulder'. And I'm like, 'How does that work'? You know?

Dave: Absolutely. Yes. Where it goes, nobody knows.

Lisa: And how do you trace it back? How do you trace up a back problem to the ankle? Or the piriformis?

Dave: If you know what it should look like and it doesn't look like what it should look like, well, what happens if you change and make it look more like it should? How does that change things? And that's normally in a nutshell the approach that I'll take. I guess that's where you need to have a reasonable reference library of saying that, nothing more than my fair share of runners. And I'm sure you have too. I mean, if you feel someone running down the street, now you go, 'That's not a very experienced runner', or 'Oh, boy, that's very experienced runner'. Well, you know that because you've seen so many runners.

So having that, I guess, experience in that database to draw from, and then understand the mechanics, and really add into it what you got. And I know what you gotta do in your Running Hot business. Well, you understand your body and you understand running technique, you can put that together and solve some wonderful problems.

Lisa: Yes, absolutely. But it is like a bit of a counterintuitive thing. I had a guy like, 'Oh my piriformis'. Like Neil said to me the other day when he saw me, 'Oh my God. Your bunions are getting really out of control. We got to do something about that'. And I'm like, 'Oh, is it'? Sometimes you don't notice the things because you're just seeing them every day. You know? So let's talk about—let's say some specific type of things that we are looking at. So let's look at bunions for that. What are bunions? And what effect can they have on the mechanics of your feet and up the body?

Dave: Yes. So bunions—the quarter bunions is up for debate. There is certainly a genetic component to it. So either your mum probably has bunions. I guess.

Lisa: Yes. Yes. Yes, you're right on money.

Dave: But that there's also a big environmental part to it as well. So bunions, when your big toe starts to go in, then you'll end up with normally some calcification around that, well, that first joint—the joint in the big toe—that's probably a better way of saying it, around there as well.

What that does too is compresses the foot. The big toe goes sideways compared to it goes to the next [18:02 unintelligible], that compresses the foot, as well. So we get a lot of compression in that foot. They cause a number of problems. In between those bones in your foot. You've got a lot of nerves that run through there. So when those toes get compressed together, those nerves can get very irritated. Next, become very, very painful.

So and probably just as a little sideline here, if you were to pop your hands just in front of you there—if you're driving a car, listen to this, it's probably not such a good idea. But try this later on, you just put your hand down and look at your hand. So notice the space between your fingers there, that you put your foot down and have a look at your foot, you should also see space between your toes as well. Spacing's really important to allow that room for the foot to move, to breathe. And also to get those space for all those straps in your foot to go.

Lisa: And that's with you naturally just having the foot there and not trying to spread them but just...

Dave: Just naturally you should see space between your toes.

Lisa: Oh, wow.

Dave: That you see a nice wide foot there. I love it. I love a good wide foot. Yes, so compression in those toes. And that can be a footwear choice thing too. So if you have shoes, and we've talked about toe box, that's the front part of a shoe. So we go out the toe box, this area through here. So the step front pair of shoes give a wide toe box in a shoe design that lets the foot spread out versus one that narrow and pushes the toes together.

Lisa: Gosh. I should know about that. Yes. A lot of the shows that I get, I get sponsored by some brand or whatever. And then like I couldn't wear them.

Dave: Yes, the kiwi foot. Yes, and also this is a column that does this as well.

Lisa: Yes.

Dave: And with me, I've got a nice wide foot. I will not wish you for the narrow toe. It caused me nothing but problems. So footwear choice can be one of the things they also drive a bunion.

Now the other part too is that, when you've got that big toe and that big toes moving sideways, rather than going through the foot, you will often go inside the foot and fall into it. You get more pronation than what you normally have. So we lose the arch of the foot because the way the foot's designed to move is your desire to move through and move through the big toe.

So, when we talk about the cycle of walking and running, we even have a phase of that called toe off. Because that's a really important part with a big toe pushes off. So if your big toe is going sideways, it's going to be—when you can't go through the toe, we'll have to go around the toe. And that will cause a lot of wear and tear that can, after a while, that will start to break that foot down.

Now that may require you to drink, unless you do some exercises. In Sydney, we have some real bunion experts and my team, some of my guys love working with bunions. And you can certainly bring that foot back if you have surgery to repair bunions. So if you don't do the work, well the same thing is going to happen again. You just go straight across and they'll end up having to cut your foot open.

Lisa: Yes, yes.

Dave: My mum had bunions. But I gave her a little exercise program, and I'm pretty sure that's on my—that may be on my YouTube channel.

Lisa: Okay, we might get the link off here.

Dave: And yes, if not, I'll put it on there. And yes, she had some exercise to do for bunions. Her bunions pain disappeared and my mum's in her 70s. So you can certainly reverse that and have her feet are straighter. I've had some people come back from their podiatrist and I go to say, 'What the hell have you been doing? What have you been doing? Keep doing it. Because your toes are straightening, and your foot in better condition'.

Lisa: So you can sometimes avoid surgery. Wow, that's pretty amazing. That's pretty amazing.

Dave: Well, and even if you have surgery, if you don't do the follow up, you're gonna end up having it again. It's a huge amount of work with a huge amount of things you can do to help out your bunions.

Lisa: Okay, that's really good because I have—got a very neglected bunion. I've always like, 'Oh, it's not causing me major troubles yet'. You know? Now I'm thinking, 'Shoot. I need to address it', because it's getting, like, Neil noticed that last time I was with him, it's getting worse. And I'm, 'Oh, this is it? I thought it was the same old, same old'. Neil exclaimed no. And I've got troubles with piriformis. And I'm like, 'I've been looking at piriformis trying in working on that'. And that could be, could be, could be, might not be, could be a knock on the feet there.

Dave: So thinking about how that could relay. If you've got that bunion here, and your foot's falling into pronation and it'll take the knee with it, and it will take that whole hip and will rotate in and everything will rotate in there. What stops it? Well piriformis can stop that. So if piriformis is having to make up for a foot function issue there, well, that's worth working.

If you release piriformis, and get that guy—well, now you've got nothing holding your foot together. So where's that guy next to the public often deal on the spine? That's probably where we're going next. And then it could be somewhere else too, or it could travel to the knee.

Lisa: Yes.

Dave: So, you know, we talked before about finding the source. Fixing the foot would be a really useful one. And if you're still on your feet, a fair amount, which knowing who you are, you certainly want that contact with the ground.

Lisa: Yes. Yes. Yes.

Dave: Sort it out.

Lisa: Like paying attention to the little changes that are happening in your body because sometimes you think, 'Oh, no, you know, it's all the same'. And then you don't see changes in your own body when you don't, when you see yourself every day, or your loved ones. Or sometimes you just like got your own little blind spots. Okay, so if we can dig that video out, we'll put that in the show notes for sure.

Let's talk about plantar fasciitis because this is a major problem. One of the most common running problems, especially the people who have up the distance very quickly or done some things here, what is plantar fasciitis and what can we do to deal with it one?

Dave: So the left part of fascia is a layer of fat or connective tissue that goes right along the bottom of the foot. And as I mentioned before, that has a lot of receptors on it. So it's very rich in receptors, though can get extremely painful. And typically people who have plantar fascia issues will get out of bed and they'll try to put their foot down, and take a snack, or walk, and start walking, and the whole bottom their foot will be locked up. It'll take a while for that to loosen up so they can use that foot.

More often, you'll get that around the front of the heel, so none of them pointed the heel back in towards the centre of the foot. And sometimes that'll run up in bands as well. Now, the change in volume too quickly is your number one culprit which you mentioned. And that centre area. But certainly some foot mechanics can also have an issue there as well. So the plantar fascia is—in your foot, you've got well, definition you got 50 muscles that run below their knee—all could help control that foot. Your plantar fascia is there, it winds up, and plucky when you bend your big toe. It helps wind up that panic factor to help make the foot rigid to make it to leave so you can push off it.

That's one of the—there's sort of two main functions of a foot. The first one is to allow the foot to splat is my technical term. Hits the ground and conforms to the surface that it goes to, number one function. Second one is it becomes a rigid lever so you can repel off it. Well, that's pretty much what a foot does. If you have kind of with a narrow down.

So we've got an issue there with that timing between backing and becoming a rigid lever. And the plantar fascia is wearing it somewhere there. Now there's—we can look at the plantar fascia, and you can try and treat the plantar fascia. But there's a lot of layers of muscles and a lot of timing that happened before that plantar fascia that's been beaten up. So there's something gone wrong with the timing of how you're going from flat to rigid lever that's causing that.

And particularly if you overload into that. So if you've increased your volume too much, that's often the last well, kilometre, or 1000 footsteps that broke the camel's back. So I want to look at what's happening with the ankle and the foot, and I'm always interested in the big toe when it comes to plantar fascia.

Lisa: Right, so that's your big lever. Point, really big toes when you push off and you get that elasticity sort of wound up.

Dave: Massively important part that big toes. The amount of bones you have in that big toe, and for those of you with bunions, or pinchy injuries in that big toe joint as well. That's a really important one to get looked at. That can have a massive effect on everything up the chain.

Lisa: Wow. Yes. And what can you do about it? Are there some exercises that you recommend? Like, you might have fascia release, you make your ball rolling, that type of thing for the actual plantar fasciitis itself, the stretching and icing, and all that jazz?

Dave: Icing can be nice, and that takes some of the pain away because it's very painful. Having some light pressure in those areas too can help hydrate the tissues and get them healthier again. Because during—if you have some sore spots in their plantar fascia, often they won't have the hydration and the movement, because it's still layers and layers of tissue. Now, if you can get those moving better and hydrated, that will heal better.

Adding some load to it can be useful too, you just need to be careful where you are in their injury spectrum. But it actually does require some loading because the loading will help actually line up the fibres and get that strong again. But it needs to be the right type of loading starting slowly and building up. That sort of mechanics. In big toe, you'd be wanting to have a look at and also what's happening with the ankle. Check that you've got enough dorsiflexion to get into more. How much can you bring your ankle? If you've got a restriction on the ankle and a restricted big toe, your plantar fascia—well, everything in the foot but the plantar fascia, may end up wearing that one.

Lisa: Yes, yes. And there's a couple of tricks to do with the dorsiflexion that I can link to another video there that Neil's done. Where you can push that—I've forgotten it—talus bone. Where you pushing it back into—because sometimes there's some sort of a line. Yes, this one, this one. Trying to find the words.

Dave: Restoring their ankle dorsiflexion will be critical. I think that the foot and ankle, I'll look at three main zones in the body. In terms of my model for looking at movement. If you get the torso moving really well, that's very important for rotation. If you're running, you get the pelvis and hips moving really well, that would be my second zone. And the third zone would be the foot and ankle. So if you can get those three zones working well, normally I take 85% of the movement issues will just disappear. Right? And so the foot and ankle are a huge player in my model, and certainly one that I see having a very big impact on how people move well or done don't move well.

Lisa: Yes. Now, that's really good. So the torso, the pelvis, and the feet. So working on those areas in trying to get things balanced.

Dave: Yes, well, the big thing on that that's where I missed them.

Lisa: And those are the three areas—the key areas—and obviously it's the score a lot of work Dave but yes. It's everything from drills and exercises and it's what we do, what you do.

Let's look at now, for runners, talking about running shoes, and buying running shoes, and picking a shoe that's good for you and what you're doing. You were showing me some running shoes before and for people on the podcast, you can't see, but says Kipchoge ones, what do you call them? What are those shoes?

Dave: So these are Nike's Zoom Fly shoes. So for those of you who are listening to this, rather than watching it, so this is the shoe that Kipchoge wore to get his sub-2-hour marathon. And they have fibre placement, which have an awful lot of recoil. And also, it is over four centimeters of foam here, but the foam has incredible amount of recoil.

Lisa: Wow.

Dave: So the theory is these will take 4% of your running time.

Lisa: Wow, that's messed up.

Dave: There's actually a spreadsheet, which I got hold up to. We can actually look at your running times and calculate how much of a difference it would make to your running performance. And yes, I mean, who wouldn't pay for 4%?

Lisa: Yes.

Dave: Mostly runners, my straight line runners, will compete in these. And you'd be a magnet to, if you want to run fast on straight lines. These are extremely high and extremely unstable. If you wouldn't run on trail with these, no way.

Lisa: Like the HokaOnes, you know, like really deep into the thing that a big sole...

Dave: No, these are high. And they're incredible amount of recoil. They do push you very much, your forefoot style. So what I've noticed for days, I totally didn't want to like these.

Lisa: Cause you want more people to go bare feet.

Dave: I ran in them last week. This is ridiculous.

Lisa: Ridiculously good.

Dave: The speed and ease is something else. And certainly most of my runners who run straight liner, competing in these and certainly in the meantime and now, unless athletes have sponsors, those are the shoes they are picking up. And why wouldn't you if you can—I mean getting 4% improvement in performance is there's something else, even with training. If you can get that by paying for it, why wouldn't you?

Lisa: So basically, it's elasticity that they're using. It's the spring, it's the coil, it's the ability to bounce you off the ground, it's like being on a trampoline. So you're gonna get more force.

Dave: Right.

Lisa: Taking your foot.

Dave: Well, yes. The energy is returned a lot more efficiently. So you'll notice that there's a whole host of track records been broken lately, and then closed the marathon. And yes, the technology had a big part in playing it. I think that the next Olympics, the shoe feature extremely heavy. And a lot of a lot of other manufacturers are using this technology now. And they have a lot stricter with the technology they can use in those events now. So there's the level playing field.

Lisa: If you want to level the playing field, it's a thing—if we start having an unlevel playing field, and that's where it becomes a bit problematic.

Dave: And they're recouping broken now. And there'll be more broken with this sort of new technology coming through.

Lisa: And from a foot health perspective, are they okay, in that respect, or you just didn't want to like them?

Dave: No, it's not about—it's sports. Sports is not about health.

Lisa: Performance is not about health. No

Dave: No.

Lisa: It should be but it depends… It's not always the case.

Dave: That's the point, though. I mean, if you wear these around all throughout the day, why would you do that? And having four centimeters of foam between you and the ground can be put to sleep. So look, I would—if I'm wanting to do a fast run and I don't really do much of that anymore—but if I was doing a faster training run with them, with a buddy of mine who runs pretty quick, I would definitely wear these.

I'm walking all day barefoot. I'm doing full exercises throughout my day. I'm waking up my feet all the time to look after my feet in-between. So you know, this foot choice, shoe choice doesn't stand finished when you're running. It's throughout the day. And that way, you'll choose a different type of shoe. If I was wearing a shoe during the day, my normal shoe would be something that's very minimal, which allows my foot to feel the ground and do things, if I need to wear footwear.

Lisa: Yes. And sometimes you don't, you know?

Dave: Yes. And I think that's an important thing too. We've always—there's always extremes. Yes. So I'll see the odd person is taken to the extreme, and they'll go barefoot all the time. And I think you need to be careful of that too. So from a health point of view, yes. So where I live, you wouldn't run—I have run some trails barefoot but there are sharp rocks around there. But also we have snakes there which is a bit of a problem. So I've done the odd barefoot run, but it makes you pretty nervous. The other part too, is what goes on your skin, goes in you.

Lisa: Yes, me too. You talked about that on—what was it on? Something you were talking about the other day. You were talking the skin and your feet. When your lectures that I was learning from you, right? And you were saying how your daughter was barefoot, which was great, but you went to get some picture with the car.

Dave: Yes.

Lisa: And she wanted to run across the full court bare feet and you said, 'No, put your shoes on'.

Dave: Yes. Gotta have shoes. If you go into public toilets, or you're going on a forecourt of a petrol station, if you're walking barefoot on those, those chemicals are getting into your thing.

Lisa: Yes. So also, if you're walking barefoot too, and certainly in Asia and I have an Asian background, you bringing into your house when you go in there too. So be careful where you expose your feet to, because it will go in you, and then we'll take it into your house.

Lisa: Yes.

Dave: So yes, there's time and place for everything.

Lisa: Yes, yes, that's so true. And this is where some other minimalist shoes come in. So and like, social etiquette and stuff, you don't—you can't go to the gym without some sort of footwear on. Most places will tell you off. Well, gym maybe.

Dave: My gym, we actually have a gym shoes off policy, right? If we want people to move well, we need all the sensors working well. So we want as much information from those shoes from those feet as possible. So people understand where they are on the ground. Then we have covered where people put their shoes in.

And now not everyone is trying to barefoot. And we have some people who have some structural foot issues who do require some footwear, as well tend to move well. So, if you drop a dumbbell on your foot, having a shoe isn't really going to help you. But as one of my main etiquette contains the meat.

Lisa: And most gyms prescribe that you have to have shoes on when you go to them. They do. And these social situations, you can't go to the opera with bare feet. It's not cool. And that brings me to ladies in high heels. What are we doing to our bodies when we wear…

Dave: Oh boy.

Lisa: …lovely, elegant? We look very elegant in high heels. What the hell are we doing to ourselves?

Dave: Okay, so yes, you mentioned that word kinetic chain before. And the idea there is when you change one part, it will change something else with. That's what a kinetic chain does. Okay, a closed kinetic chain. So when you add an incline to your heel, and lift yourself up there, that pushes you forward. So if you have a stiletto on or something very high, you'll fall on your face unless you adjusted. So where will you adjust? You'll normally do that by pushing your pose forward, by arching your lower back more. So often, the problem that you'll see with high heels will be it changes up the chain.

As well as that when you're in high heels, you're effectively pointing your toes. So if you're in a flat shoe, you'd have been in your ankles. In a high heel, your toes are pointed more. So what that does is that will shorten the calf muscles. And that's why, if you look at a woman in high heels, she has more definition in the calves because those calf muscles are shortened up. But if you're wearing high heels an awful lot there, what that will do is shorten up that calf, it may make it harder for you to bend that ankle again, which will cause you some different issues, and for those of you who are a bit more technical minded too, peroneus longus, okay, will be one of the muscles which is a part of the action which will be shortened.

The peroneus longus comes around a riff underneath the foot and a wrench into the base of that big toe. So it pulls you down into pronation so it collapses the arch. So if you've been wearing high heels an awful lot, that peroneus longus can shorten, which can end up reducing your amount of bend in your ankle and also will pull you into more pronation. Apparently, the good thing that allows you to splat, but remember we also want to make the foot rigid after that so it can repel often.

But if you end up mucking around with muscles, and changing the way they work, and certainly by placing a high heel, and you're certainly going to do that, that will do that. And it will change the way the peroneus longus works and wears out the muscles, which will change that timing, that intricate timing that we need to have in the foot.

Lisa: Wow. And so ladies, keep your high heels for special occasions and not everyday use if you can. And I mean I—working with mum and she was in the bed for a long time, bedridden. Drop foot, you know, same thing basically. But just on a horizontal because she couldn't stand so she couldn't get that dorsiflexion happening, and then I was not aware of it at the time that this was a problem when it was happening, and I caught it quite late. And then we had to have her in a boot to try and straighten that out and now she's got a rigid ankle pretty much. So she's got no dorsiflexion, therefore she can't roll over the front of your foot and off nicely. So her whole gait is more flat footed. And these things knock on very early. And then it happens quite quickly that you start to get dropped foot.

Even if you think about life, wake up in the morning and that first time the foot hits the floor, and you've got like, 'Oh yes, stuff. Stuff on the calf muscles feeling scuffles within the Achilles. And this is a—getting onto the Achilles toe'. If you're getting that initial stiffness when you get up in the morning, there's something brewing and maybe start to look at it. Achilles is a good—that's a good indicator that so step in the morning. How are you feeling? If you're bouncing out of bed and you can get out of bed and run down the hallway and you find you've got nothing, then you probably, not too bad.

Dave: I think that's a great point here. You should wake up feeling reasonably good. I mean it's not a margarine commercial. You shouldn't jump out of bed, 'Hey. Hello world'. That's probably the only thing you'd be happy about if you're eating that stuff. But that's a whole other conversation.

I had a professional athlete who I was working with, and we were talking one morning and was actually helping, deciding—standing up, deciding we were gonna go with him. And he said, 'Yes. So how things young is young? What's your story? I didn't have a car stand up. And then I go, 'Sharon district'. About 40 minutes later, I'm ready to move. That's normal, right? 'No, no, that's not normal. Your body normal is not being in pain and struggling to move. That's not normal..

Lisa: Oh but it's age, Dave. That's the next thing, he'll tell you. It's just normal aging.

Dave: So now I think too, you know. Let's you've got a—sorry for those of you who are in different hemispheres. But a classic car in the southern hemisphere was a Ford Cortina. Now imagine you've got a 1984 Cortina in your garage, and it's chrome. It's beautiful. And you've looked after it wonderfully. That car drives fantastically in your own town, you think this is the best car ever. But if you take a 1980 Ford Cortina, and you don't maintain it, and you just drive it hard, you won't have it here today.

Lisa: Yes.

Dave: Okay. So if you've got a classic car, it can run really well. But you need to put some extra care and maintenance into it.

Lisa: Absolutely.

Dave: That's all it is. So, but you can have a young—you can have a new sports car. You can trash it's probably gonna be a little bit better. But yes, so the older you are, the more keen you're taking care of your classic car.

Lisa: We fit into the classic category now.

Dave: That's another spin on that too. You know, ages is one thing. But I kind of look at these young athletes, I think you're—you can you can keep up with me. You haven't got the experience I've got. Play that card. It's not there's not just physical is a lot more that goes on to it. And take a look at the outer world. And know that certainly, the more of a mental game that's required, the better it suits your experience.

Lisa: Yes, in Roman times, like, it's not about speed and power after a 100k, it sort of starts to come down to…

Dave: Yes.

Lisa: So yes, it is. It's an attitude for life. There's a number of rounds on the clock, but it's keeping everything as best as you can in optimal performance and stopping things before they fall down the cliff, and being in that preventative space. And that's what we're both all about. And that's why you're taking good care of your joints, and your muscles, and your hydration, and all of those exercises is really, really key. Let's talk a little bit now around, what's your take, I'd like to hear just on general and for joints and cartilage and stuff? Things like sulfur, MSM, conjugated salt, and so Glucosamine, that sort of supplementation for cartilage and joints you know anything about this? If it's a cool thing or not?

Dave: It's really cool at one of my key areas. Look, supplements are strange one. And certainly my take on that really changed over the last few years. And now if you think you can get everything out of your diet, even if you're eating organic, you probably can't. So there's certainly some supplementation useful. I'm very big on getting an evidence base on that though.

So there's this push where we've almost seen our science as lying now. We need to be able to do our supplementation, to what you want to choose. But what I found now is basically you become a victim to marketing now. So there's a fine line between the two. So I read up on what I think is useful, and what's not, and I use it on an individual basis. But I'd like to cover the basics first, and often think that we're thinking they're tasting things like curcumin. Another problem with curcumin by the way, as well some other some other supplements here when you're not even looking at the basics. So do the big rocks first.

Lisa: Yes, I'm big on those pretty you know those ABCD. Selenium, zinc, magnesium-type base. Not sexy, but very essential for genetic functions. Yes.

Dave: A decent multivitamin is probably a bloody good place to start, and then you can start fine tuning from there. Sure. I take a few other things, as well. I'm a big fan of a decent probiotic, and veering those probiotics around. I think that's really important. And I use that as a food source as a supplement. I do like my fish oils. I think there is a part to play in that.

Lisa: Yes. Those are wild.

Dave: Wild, wild, wild small fish is the way you want to go and watch out for the processing on those as well, they can get...

Lisa: Very very important to get the right fish source, you get right fish source ,and you'll be doing the opposite to what you need to kick the company out especially... In our next conversation. I know we're getting a bit off topic but probiotics, I've done quite a lot of study around the probiotics, and some of the problems of probiotics, and has domains, and causing inflammation and allergic reactions. Have you found any one in particular that you'd say, 'Yes, that one's been really good for a lot of people'. This got a good clinical base to it?

Dave: Yes. There's a few brands that I tend to like. These…

Lisa: Deep in here without any proof on that question, but I was interested for myself because I'm looking at our probiotics.

Dave: Syntol is a brand I quite like. Syntol, S-Y-N-T-O-L iis a brand that I've used for probably the last decade. That's an industrial strength one which works really well. Also Bio-Heal is another one, which I think is a pretty decent one. And the reason I like those brands is that they don't need refrigeration. And the Syntol is more spore one so it can be a bit bitter as well.

Lisa: Yes. Because it's got to get through the digestive, the stomach, the action, into the lower. And I know like the science in this area is still a very much an evolving space. And a lot of this, I have had a couple of clients been on probiotics that you get out of off the shelf or supermarket type thing. They ended up with histamine reactions and things like that because they do have often—so if you're sensitive to histamine and you might want to check it out a little bit more, and just be toe in the water and find out. So it's a little bit hard to know because I think the jury's still out in some regards. But I think but the spore based ones…

Dave: Yes, there seems to be built in there. I feel like most fermented foods, they won't suit everyone, for sure. They served me really well. So I make my own kimchi. I make my kombucha. I make my own sauerkraut. Do some water kefir as well. I often use a little bit of fermented foods to help my gut work. And every culture and everywhere in the world has some form of fermented food. And we realize as developing communities that we need to look after our gut health needs, and we didn't have refrigeration was probably the other thing as well. Then those are very health giving. And it still exists in most cultures today, and it's certainly something that I'd recommend if it suits you to work into your diet.

Lisa: Yes, and that is where I know—working with the PH-316 epigenetics programme that we do that there are certain biotypes. And one of them that can miss to watch the amount of fermented foods because it can again—cause histamine problems in inflammation in the body—so that is a bit of a bit more a personal genetic thing too, as rather than across the board.

But to be fair, I think that's everything needs to be personalized nowadays. And we've got a lot I wouldn't say we've got an all sass but there is a lot of science around what type of thing for what person and which genes, for which foods, and I don't think it's by any means perfect yet. The science behind it, but we can get a bit of an idea on some of these things. So just because it's healthy for Dave doesn't necessarily mean it's going to be healthy for Lisa, you know? So a little bit of experiment, and I'm a big experimenter, versus showing one of my athletes into my pantry. And it looks more like a cumulus isn't well supplement shop rather than a...

And I don't take on things all the time but I'm always experimenting on my own body, and trying to optimize, and to see what sort of things are having which effect and then trying to take note of it, and keep track of it, and trying to work out. A little bit hard when you keep chucking 100 variations at things. It's not exactly a clinical study where you do one variation. But…

Dave: Eating is one.

Lisa: Eating is one. Yes, exactly. And keeping testing. But back to the whole foot scenario talking that—I mean, you and I can end up in bloody all sorts of areas. What's your take on orthotics? I wanted to ask that again. Jury's out of my mind on orthotics and I'm not sure.

Dave: That's a real polarizing one. I'm gonna make myself unpopular with some people here, but here's my take on it. I'm not—I'm not a [51:17 unintelligible]. If you have a foot that hasn't got a structural issue, or a neurological deficit, you can work without orthotics. Okay, so orthotics add support, and they will normally block motion. Okay, that's what they're pretty much designed to do.

So normally, when they describe orthotics, they'll look at, 'Okay, there's too much motion. We will block that motion so that the foot can do its thing'. You block motion, some way though. What we know is that motion will be taken up somewhere else. And in that closed chain, where that motion goes will often have problems.

So let's have a look, if you've got a foot that doesn't dorsiflex well, so the ankle doesn't bend well. Now what will happen is the only way you can bend their ankle now is to roll inside or to over pronate. That's the only way you can go there. But rather than go through the foot, you go around the foot now.

So what may happen is, if you have no thoughts to stop that pronation, go, 'What's happened now'? Okay? Now you can't pronate the foot, you can't work at the ankle, what's going to go next? You may end up taking up a knee. But now you'll end up with a knee issue, when you may come in with a foot issue. You may end up with a knee issue, or it may end up going into the hip or the lumbar spine, or as far as into the neck, which is a common thing or even to the head.

I've seen from people who've had a foot issue and they get hit out when they start hitting the pavement because it goes right through the chain. And that's it ends up tearing them up. So when you enter [52:53 unintelligible], if you've got a painful foot, it can be very useful temporarily to change what's going on, or a structure or neurological deficit. Otherwise, think of a crutch.

Okay, if I break my leg, 'Oh, I want to break around my knee without smashing my knee to smithereens. I want to break around my knee and I want to wear crutches to start with'.

Now, oh boy that feels so good having extra support in there. And I've restricted that range around my knee because it's too painful to move. But 10 years later, I wouldn't want to be still be wearing that same brace on my knee with a crutch. And I wouldn't want to go in there each year and get that brace changed a little bit and realtered.

So I look at some of your thoughts that come into me and I look at that foot and I look at your foot and I go, 'I have no idea'. I kind of—foot mechanics is tricky stuff. But I've put a fair bit of work into it. Like I understand how feet generally work, I think. I look at that foot and I look at that person, and I think, 'I can't see what's that relating to at all'. I don't know what you're seeing, but that's not what I see.

And there's a few things around some of the theory of orthotics which are a little bit tricky around foot mechanics change when you have your foot on the ground versus when you—whether your foot in the air.

Lisa: Of course.

Dave: A lot of the mechanics that are put into orthotics aren't done in a closed chain, which changes the whole way the foot works. Though, there is some stuff there. I've had piles of orthotics thrown away over the year. I have products come into me and I go, 'What?' And I'll test them. It'll take people with them, without them, and they'll go better without them. I had some people that do need them though, because they had some neurological issues for their head structural foot issues, where their foot is broken beyond repair, where it does need some help.

And making good orthotics, definitely—for those of you who maybe have a diabetic foot or have had some issues around there. Some of the orthotics I've seen that have come and have been worked about and are amazing, though there is some there are some amazing work on orthotics. And that's probably my outtake on this one. So finding someone who's very good at that, and looking after a foot in trouble is a real skill.

Lisa: It is. I've got a friend, Lisa Whiteman, who owns a China podiatry clinics, right, throughout New Zealand, and their stuff is next level. But the science and technology that they have in order to get the right things for that. So if you're thinking of doing it, make sure you go to somebody who really knows this stuff, and not just any sort of orthotic. And test it, and try it, and see whether you're getting something through up the train, fix that. And question with the immediate, long term—I've never had any benefit out of an orthotic. And I've only got, again, one anecdotal in me.

But we're not—like dealing with someone like my mum with a neurological problem, and limited dorsiflexion. I am considering the next opportunity I get to take down to Wellington to go and see my friend and go into her clinic and get her an assist, that might be, for example, a situation where something like that could be called for, because she's lost that motion and the ankle, so we haven't got it to work with.

Dave: So we do have problems from the bottom up. So the foot can cause a problem going up, but also it can probably be going down too.

Lisa: Yes, yes.

Dave: Okay, so life exists below the knee. So certainly, it's way useful to look at a foot, but I don't fit those other areas as well, because you're gonna have a lot of problems that are caused from up the chain that go down as well.

Lisa: Yes, yes, yes.

Dave: That's where I get a little bit concerned, sometimes where people look at just the foot by itself.

Lisa: It's reductionist. Doesn't that? It's like, yes, and I mean, we can have a conversation around reduction as sort of thinking, in medicine, and in every area really is looking at single piece of the puzzle.

Dave: And that is useful. We go to put it back through, you gotta work it.

Lisa: Got to put the screw to the chain. I love the imagery. Like, you've taught me the cell blueprint recently. That is a reductionist model, it's bringing things down onto the cellular level and saying, what is the cell going, and then what is the tissue doing, and the organ doing, and the system doing. But we are going back up through the system. And looking at it from another perspective, and when you just look at a piece of the puzzle and go, 'Right. Oh, I got such because your ankle when I wiggle it, like this isn't doing it before you have this problem'. That's a reductionist view on it. And this is why the holistic—ike you, the holistic movement coach, and where the holistic run training system, because it says about being fit, holistic, and looking at things outside of your core focus. You know, like, when a runner comes in, they want to do an ultra-marathon, and we're gonna be looking at their health.

Dave: Absolutely.

Lisa: In general, we're gonna be looking at their mindset. We're gonna be looking at their nutrition, not just if they're running the right amount of kilometres a week. It's far more complicated than that. And then holistic look at things as really—you want to be working with coaches, and doctors and health professionals that are taking a holistic—and we're possible, a personalized approach to what you're doing. And this takes time. And this takes more money. And this takes more education. And in a broader knowledge on a lot of subjects. So you're not going to find this on every street corner but I think that approach is just a much better way to look at things in general.

And that's why, like, you might need a holistic movement coach, but you're an absolute expert in so many areas. Now, it's just insane the level of knowledge that you have. And we're trying to, I'm trying to emulate that in different other areas because... And you can't be across every game thing in the whole world. Like, I had a lady yesterday that I was working with, and some of the testing that was coming out of America on mycotoxins and all that I haven't even looked at that pile of the science and something that I want to do, but it's just like—well, that's often the distant future because there's so many other pieces of the puzzle and you can't be across every damn thing.

But if you are trying to be as holistic as possible, and being able to refer out to people who you don't know what to do in that, in that sort of case, but having that broad of you. Get on the sphere on top of the specialization as a good combi day. Dave, we've bloody ravaged it on again for ages. I think we've covered off so pretty much. But I did want to ask you about reflexology. What's your take on reflexology before we wrap up?

Dave: I love getting it. I love doing it. So, the idea with reflexology is that—and there's lots of different types of reflexology. We often associate reflexology with the feet. But the French often use the ear as a reflexology ear and hands often— the idea is your body is represented and in smaller areas of your body, so you can access... So for instance, the kidneys or the small intestine through the fetus, there's a theory there.

And certainly this, yes, I've had some really good results on myself for reflexology. And I remember, my first experience of reflexology was, I used to be a competitive kayaker at another lifetime. And my regular massage therapist is away. And I had this, this drastic issue, I had a torn tissue, it wasn't going well, and had a bit of back pain with it. And so she put me on for another massage therapist, and I walked in there and this messed it up is the first indicator, 'We'd start by cleansing your aura'. I'm like, 'Lord'. And I'm probably a bit more forgiving of that now than it was back then. But now I've just spoken to do it.

And so she starts cleansing my aura and I'm thinking, 'Well, this is an error. I'm not going to enjoy things'. Then she starts playing with my feet. And she hits this spot in my feet. I just about jump through the roof. I didn't know what was going on. She said, 'You've done something to your upper back'. I'm like, 'Yes'. And she worked on it, it got less and less painful. During the standing up, that is the best my back has ever felt. So certainly it worked well. Well be open.

And, you know, certainly I learned a fair bit of reflexology about that. After that I was quite impressed by the experience. And I've had some clients who really enjoyed it. There were parts which were, I guess, a little too intense to get into straightaway. I've had some really good results with sinus type stuff. The sinus points are right around the the point in your toes here that can work really well to help clear sinuses

Lisa: Really?

Dave: Oh, yes. That one worked quite nicely for me anyway. But I do think there's something in it. And, yeah, it's lovely to get, that's very relaxing, because you're looking at your feet, going through your whole body. And it's all connected.

Lisa: Also we can learn from different traditions and different Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese. There's pieces of a puzzle. And the cool thing now is that the western sciences, catching up with a lot of the other sort of stuff and bringing it in and giving you the scientific reasoning behind it.

Dave: Maybe one thing I could leave folks with is thinking about, you know, how to select a shoe. And that's often one of the questions that I'm asked, or how should I pick a shoe then? First thing I'll say is be be be careful of the marketing, shoe science. And I've put big brackets around that one, there was an ear brackets here for those of you in radioland. Yes, so when you get a shoe, that neutral is often when you get to set a minimum, which means they have very little space between you and the ground. There's a new character called maximalist, which has a maximum amount between you and the ground. But you also have one that has stability shoes, which have a bit more supporting your up. And you have what's called motion control, as well, which trying to control the foot, particularly if you are an overpronator within control, you tend to roll in a fair bit more than normal.

There's been a few good studies showing that really, it isn't the shoe that makes the difference. There's a good study done in 2010, where they basically mixed the foot to the shoe. So people who are overpronated, were given motion control shoes, people neutral feet were given neutral shoes. And people who were in between were given a stability shoe. What they found out is that neutral people did the worst in neutral shoes. The people with motion control shoes did the worst in motion control shoes. So in other words, it's not the shoe. The shoe doesn't run by itself. You don't give someone a pair of golf clubs, a set of golf clubs and say, 'Hey, here's the best golf. You're gonna be an awesome golfer now'.

Lisa: You're gonna be Tiger Woods next week.

Dave: Yes. It's not a shoe that does the running. It's a person that does the running. Here's a technique and conditioning and looking at yourself and your health has much more effect than a shoe ever will.

Lisa: Yes. Yes.

Dave: So normally what I would say is, I would generally say, pick a neutral shoe, would be my first piece of advice for most people. Get one that is comfortable. So there's a lot of research showing that the more comfortable your shoe is, the more efficient you are. So make sure it feels good. So I go shoe shopping with my wife and I look at the shoe. I would never wear a shoe she would, she has different temporal quality. She needs all-foot cushioning to feel comfortable that she can see issues a lot more built up and than mine.

Also get shoes that are light. For every 100 grand that you add on the shoe there's an extra 1% of you will be able to max that you need to use it with the energy cost to having heavy shoe. So go get the lightest. I'd say also get the most minimalist that you are happy with.

Lisa: And it means that you trail running and things that you'd...

Dave: Make sure you're comfortable in itself not hurting your feet and you're not dealing with bruised feet every time you go running or four feet. So, so yes, that would be my general—spectrum of color, color combos are good too.

Lisa: Very important. I think that's you know, really some good advice. And you know, and the other thing I did want to touch on is don't go all suddenly bare foot on us now like just because this episode and go suddenly, 'Well, I'm gonna go 100% barefoot minimalist shoes', because the transitioning is really, really important in building up the strength and the feet before you go and start running 100 Calloway in barefoot. can be fought You got to be thrown away real fast if you do this. So make sure you build up over time in transitioning.

Dave: One of the other studies that was a really interesting one. The theory is when you go barefoot as opposed to pushing more midfoot or forefoot. That's generally the whole idea of going—that's one of the theories of going barefoot running. Well, that helps. But there was a cool study done in 214, which are called—they looked at runners and they trained them using Vivo barefoot, the toe shoes. toasters. And what they found was that half of those runners, over half of those runners didn't change from a rear foot strike. So not the shoe that runs again. Now you generally will tend to be pushed more for foot and in a minimal shoe I'd say that's generally true, but it has to be on an indoor.

So half of those runners did not become more forefoot, finally change just like that. The half of them didn't matter what they did, they still heel strike. So in that case, you've got no cushioning. Absolutely. So it won't—again you need to learn how to forefoot run. Yes, it's a skill running just skills Who would have thought?

Lisa: You need to drills and skills and so when we say running forefoot make sure that your heel does kiss the ground. You don't want to be bouncing up and down on your like you see some fishy girls running I just saw without the heel touching the ground and on like running like a ballerina. And so…

Dave: Oh, yes, that's gonna cause you a whole different problems. Yes, certainly there's some—they'll say go slow but also know that you know there's a skill component to it as well. So if you want to do more forefoot yes get some get some running coach and get some expertise and some technical help to help you get there if that's something you really want to go.

Lisa: Yes, drills and skills we do the video analysis and all that sort of stuff and we can help you tailor the right drills and skills for you there.

Dave you've been amazing again as usual. I'm hoping to have you on a few more times next year because we can talk for an hour I think and…

Dave: I like to see—I wonder what the next random topic we can do.

Lisa: Oh, there's just so much we can learn from your great knowledge. So Dave, where can people find you and give us—can you search out that link if you can on the bunions that'd be great again.

Dave: My mum will be happy to be a star on...

Lisa: It's really gonna be great. I've got one of those so I need to work on those exercises.

Dave: Yes, if you do go to the Holistic Movement Coach YouTube, there are quite a few videos on there really because it's near electronic peer but I'll have the last few years anyway. So there is a reasonable amount there. H-M, H for halo, M for maverick, dash coach dot com that's where you can find Holistic Movement Coach. If you're looking—if you have some foot problem and need your hand there. My guys are on there too, who are trained up in this stuff? They can help you at your local area if you're living in the southern hemisphere anyway.

Lisa: Yes, yes. No. Fantastic.

Dave: That would be the place to have a look there.

Lisa: Okay. That's really, really gold. Thank you so much for your time. It's very early where you are, Dave. You're getting out of bed early. And thanks very much for sharing your wisdom today.

Dave: It's been a big thank you and thanks for having me.

That's it this week for Pushing The Limits. Be sure to rate, review, and share with your friends and head over and visit Lisa and her team at lisatamati.com.

The information contained in this show is not medical advice it is for educational purposes only and the opinions of guests are not the views of the show. Please seed your own medical advice from a registered medical professional

Fear can be debilitating. It's natural that we all experience fear and it's part of being human but if we don't want to be limited in our potential by fear, if we want to push outside our existing boundaries and expand our horizons and if we want to to be high performance and to bring our best when it counts then it pays to learn the strategies you need to control your physiology better and how to reframe the stories running in your head.

In this episode mental toughness coaches Lisa Tamati and Neil Wagstaff give you their best insights into how to stop fear ruling your life and how they integrate the tools and techniques into their lives.

We would like to thank our sponsors

Running Hot - By Lisa Tamati & Neil Wagstaff

If you want to run faster, longer and be stronger without burnout and injuries then check out and TRY our Running Club for FREE on a 7 day FREE TRIAL Complete holistic running programmes for distances from 5km to ultramarathon and for beginners to advanced runners. All include Run training sessions, mobility workouts daily, strength workouts specific for runners, nutrition guidance and mindset help Plus injury prevention series, foundational plans, running drill series and a huge library of videos, articles, podcasts, clean eating recipes and more. www.runninghotcoaching.com/info and don't forget to subscribe to our youtube channel at Lisa's Youtube channel www.yotube.com/user/lisatamat and come visit us on our facebook group www.facebook.com/groups/lisatamati

You can find all our programs, courses, live seminars and more at www.lisatamati.com

We are also holding another live event on the 31st of August- 1st of September in Havelock North, New Zealand - Its a weekend running seminar

Join us for a weekend of fun, inspiration and education around everything Running

Do you want to run with less pain and injuries, avoid burnout and over training? Do you want to have a better running technique? Want to improve your times? Want to learn how to maximise your training time and train efficiently while getting optimal results?

If you answered yes to any of these questions then this weekend is for you! Suitable for absolute beginners just starting out on their journey through to elite ultramarathon runners looking to improve their 100 mile times.

So come and meet some great like minded people and hang out with the Running Hot Coaching team and completely change the trajectory of your running career.

What's included Saturday 31st of August (9am-4pm + Dinner)

Run video analysis and review

Drills and skills for runners

Core and strength training for runners

Flexibility and mobility for runners

Nutrition for runners

Mindset training

Dinner and tales from the trails with Lisa Tamati and Neil Wagstaff (Meal and entertainment included in the package price, drinks extra)

Sunday 1st of September (9am-12:30pm)

Putting it all together into a programme that works for you

2 hours walk/hike/run on Te Mata Peak (suitable for all abilities)

Find out more and register here: https://training.runninghotcoaching.com/how-to-revolutionise-your-running-training?fbclid=IwAR2bFPz6A26CMbzrMhqRyIcdCs9Sgb25mnYv3jTbneouxyyWtzqIx9ZZrKI

The information contained in this show is not medical advice it is for educational purposes only and the opinions of guests are not the views of the show. Please seed your own medical advice from a registered medical professional.

The information contained in this show is not medical advice it is for educational purposes only and the opinions of guests are not the views of the show. Please seed your own medical advice from a registered medical professional

When faced with a medical condition, most people either pay someone else to improve their lives or develop a fatalistic or defeatist view. But you have the power to change your life and improve your health. You can reprogram your mind for a healthy body and fulfilling life.

In this episode, Dr. Bruce Lipton discusses how conscious and subconscious programs dictate our health and how you can reprogram them to your advantage. He also touches on topics including the current healthcare crisis around the world and spirituality.

If you'd like to learn about reprogramming your subconscious for your happiness and a healthy body, this episode is for you!

Here are three reasons why you should listen to the full episode:

1. Discover the power of epigenetic programming and how it works.
2. Learn the three ways to reprogram your mind for a healthy body.
3. Find out how the healthcare industry could be negatively affecting your health.

Customised Guidance for Your Genetic Make-Up

Our epigenetics health programme is all about aligning fitness, lifestyle, nutrition, and cognitive performance to an individual's particular genes. To learn more, visit https://www.lisatamati.com/page/epigenetics-and-health-coaching/.

Customised Online Coaching for Runners

CUSTOMISED COACHING PLANS FOR RUNNERS — How to Run Faster, Be Stronger, and Run Longer – Without Burnout & Injuries

Have you struggled to fit training into your busy life? Maybe you don't know where to start, or perhaps you have done a few races but struggle with motivation or injuries.

Do you want to beat your time from last year, or finish at the front of the pack? Do you want to run your first 5-km, or run a 100-miler?

​​Do you want a holistic programme that is personalised and customised to your ability, goals, and lifestyle?

Go to www.runninghotcoaching.com for our online run training coaching.

Health Optimisation and Life Coaching

Are you struggling with a health issue and need people to look outside the box – people who are connected to some of the greatest science and health minds in the world? Reach out to us at [email protected]. We can jump on a call to see if we are a good fit for you.

If you are dealing with adversity, are facing a big challenge ahead, want to take your performance to the next level,or want to learn how to increase your mental toughness, emotional resilience, foundational health, and more, contact us at [email protected].

Order My Books

My latest book, Relentless, chronicles how my mother and I defied the odds. After an aneurysm left my mum, Isobel, with massive brain damage at age 74, the medical professionals told me there was no hope for any quality of life again. I used every mindset tool, years of research and incredible tenacity to prove them wrong and bring my mother back to her full health within three years. Get your copy here: https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books/products/relentless.

For my other two best-selling books Running Hot and Running to Extremes, chronicling my ultrarunning adventures and expeditions all around the world, go to https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books.

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Episode Highlights [04:24] Stem Cells and Epigenetics

• We lose millions of cells every minute. We get new cells from stem cells.
• Dr Bruce Lipton was cloning stem cells in 1967.
• Genetic determinism is false, as genes are merely blueprints. Your mind is the one that activates and modifies the genes.
• Genes do not cause diseases; instead, they correlate with them.

[13:56] Genes vs. Consciousness

• Believing in genetic determinism can make you feel like a powerless victim.
• Epigenetics is about controlling your genes and knowing that consciousness is creating disease. Changing your biology and behaviour can change your life.
• Before you can control your genes, you need to learn how epigenetics works and how to do it.
• Our brains are computers; you need suitable programming.

[19:35] The Power of Programs

• Remember that you have the power to exert control over your physiological systems and attain a healthy body.
• Thinking, which takes up 95% of your life, redirects the focus of consciousness inside your head and allows autopilot programming to take over.
• Your programs determine your life and mentality, so pay attention to them.

[29:34] Three Ways to Reprogram For a Healthy Body

• Our two minds ⁠— the conscious and subconscious ⁠— function and learn differently.
• Putting your brain into theta using hypnosis can help you change a program.
• You need practice and repetition to create a solid program.
• Energy psychology is about looking at your life to find out your programs and changing the subconscious programs.

[46:57] Spirituality Frequency

• If a television breaks, the broadcast still keeps going.
• Your body is the television, and you're the broadcast. In a sense, this means that you cannot die.
• Listen to the full episode for research on cellular electrical activity and its correlation with mothers and their children!

[51:25] What Happens After Death

• We can keep our minds conscious about what happens in the world, but we can tune into intuition so that the deceased become part of the field of information.
• Communicating with the deceased at an intuitive level is possible.

[52:25] How Fear Affects Programs

• The issues that plague the world, such as pollution and war, are created by programs.
• We make antibodies before we're even born. Antigens stimulate the immune response and are what our bodies use to identify pathogens.
• If you have a healthy body, stop looking for bad signs or symptoms. Looking or the symptoms of a disease can create them.
• Fear causes immune system shutdown, vulnerability, and conflict.

[1:05:17] Negative Impacts of Corporations

• A corporation's first and foremost rule is to make money for shareholders.
• Pharmaceutical companies only care about making money, robbing people of their chance at a healthy body.
• Science has no more freedom because corporations control the flow of research.
• If you want to hear more about how big healthcare corporations and pharmaceutical companies exploit people for profit, listen to the full episode!

[1:11:09] Does Medicine Cure or Kill?

• An article by Dr Barbara Starfield, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 2000, revealed that medicine is the third leading cause of death in the US.
• Iatrogenic illness refers to illness caused by medical treatment.
• A few years ago, an article in the British Medical Journal came up with the same results.
• Both prescription and illegal drugs kill people every year.
• We can't even trust vitamins because they're being regulated as drugs.

7 Powerful Quotes

'Here's the point, most everybody out here has been programmed by the belief that genes provide the character of our lives, that they came from our parents and they determine our traits. And if we don't like our traits, you can't change the genes.'

'How you see the world will determine which version of protein will be created from a gene, like a wiser realm.'

'Then epigenetics says that my consciousness is creating this. And therefore if I change my consciousness, I change my biology, change my behaviour, I can do anything with it.'

'Consciousness is you. Your specific identity, your spiritual domain, you, here. The rest of the brain back here is called subconscious, below conscious.'

'You weren't there for most of the programming. It started even before you were born. And it went a whole year from zero to one — you weren't there. They went from one to two who are in therapy, you're getting programmed every day.'

'So when the TV breaks, did the broadcast stop? The answer's no. How do you know I said, we'll get another TV, plug it in, turn it on and tune it to the station back on again. And here comes apart because this is called reincarnation, you cannot die.'

'Evolution is community coming together in harmony. And today's world is the antithesis of evolution and evolution as one separate the world and then make polarised groups charging each other go well then there's no unity.'

Resources

• Gain exclusive access and bonuses to Pushing the Limits Podcast by becoming a patron!
• Dopesick
• Is US Health Really the Best in the World? by Dr Barbara Starfield
• Check out Dr Bruce Lipton's books:
• • The Biology of Belief
  • The Honeymoon Effect
  • Spontaneous Evolution
• Connect with Dr Bruce: Website

About Dr Bruce

Dr Bruce Lipton is a renowned stem cell biologist and leader in bridging the gap between science and spirit. He received his PhD from the University of Virginia in Charlottesville and joined the Department of Anatomy at the University of Wisconsin's School of Medicine in 1973. His studies on stem cells gave rise to epigenetics.

He is the bestselling author of The Biology of Belief and recipient of the 2009 Goi Peace Award. As a highly sought after keynote speaker and workshop presenter, he's been a guest speaker on hundreds of TV and radio shows and a keynote presenter for national and international conferences. Many people have transformed their lives by applying the principles he discusses in lectures. He is one of the leading voices of new biology.

Learn more about Dr Bruce's work on his website.

Enjoyed This Podcast?

If you did, subscribe and share it with your friends!

Post a review and share it! If you enjoyed tuning in, then leave us a review. You can also share this with your family and friends so they can know how to optimise their health and happiness by reprogramming their subconscious. Everyone can have a healthy body — it just takes the right programming.

Have any questions? You can contact me through email ([email protected]) or find me on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.

For more episode updates, visit my website. You may also tune in on Apple Podcasts.

To pushing the limits,

Lisa

Goal Setting, we all know and are told almost daily to set your goals, if you don't have goals to aim for you won't have a chance of hitting them.

Ok, but what next. How do we break down huge hairy audacious goals into bite size pieces, what are SMART goals, how does our brains RAS filter work, how do we stay motivated when the going gets tough.

Neil and Lisa Co-Founders of Running Hot Coaching take you on a deep dive into the world of goal setting and just how you can make sure you nail those long held dreams without quitting along the way.

We would like to thank our sponsors

Running Hot Coaching:

The online training platform run by Lisa Tamati and Neil Wagstaff.

Do you have a dream to run a big race, maybe a half marathon, a marathon or even an ultramarathon?

Have you struggled to fit in the training in your busy life?

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Do you want to beat last years time or finish at the front of the pack?

If you answered yes to any of these questions then we can help you.

We promise to get you to the start line in the best shape ever! We will give you the benefit of our years of knowledge and experience in competing and training athletes, so you can avoid the mistakes, train efficiently, have fun and stay in optimal health while you are doing it.

So who are we?

Lisa Tamati is an a professional ultramarathon runner with over 25 years experiences racing the world's toughest endurance events and leading expeditions. Author of two internationally published running adventure books. She is also a mindset expert. From crossing the Libyan desert on foot to running Death Valley to running the length of NZ for charity, she has been there and done that. For more information on Lisa click here: www.lisatamati.co.nz

Neil Wagstaff is an exercise scientist, coach and ultramarathon runner with over 22 years experience in the health and fitness industry. He has trained hundreds of athletes and coaches alike to the successful completion of their goals. For more info or to download our free run training ecourse go to www.runninghotcoaching.com/running-success

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The Path of an Athlete - Mindset academy. An in-depth online programme that teaches you how to develop mental toughness, resilience, leadership skills, a never quit mentality, mental wellbeing and the keys for success in anything you set your mind to.

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The information contained in this show is not medical advice it is for educational purposes only and the opinions of guests are not the views of the show. Please seed your own medical advice from a registered medical professional.

Off the top of your head, think about the healthy foods you eat regularly. Does your diet contain seed oils and carbs? How about protein-rich and fatty food?

There are a lot of misconceptions about what foods are healthy or not. Many of these beliefs are further perpetuated by the media, big food companies and even nutrition advice from the government. For instance, did you know that "heart-healthy foods" with omega-6 are highly inflammatory and that high cholesterol levels can help in healing? The key is to find what works best for your body, but it's not always easy with misinformation so rampant.

In this episode, Richard Smith discusses how the ketogenic diet has changed his life. Not only did it reverse his health issues significantly, but it also made him into a bodybuilding champion. He also explains how "healthy" foods are doing the exact opposite of what we're led to believe. Whether or not you wish to start a ketogenic diet, it's vital to go back to the basics of nutrition and learn what is harmful and helpful to your body.

If you want to learn more about the ketogenic diet for a healthier and stronger body, then this episode is for you!

Here are three reasons why you should listen to the full episode:

1. Learn how the ketogenic diet can benefit both athletes and non-athletes.
2. Discover how your perspective on "healthy" foods may be wrong and harmful.
3. Understand how to get back to the basics of health and nutrition.

Get Customised Guidance for Your Genetic Make-Up

For our epigenetics health programme, all about optimising your fitness, lifestyle, nutrition and mind performance to your particular genes, go to https://wellness.lisatamati.com/epigenetics.

Customised Online Coaching for Runners

CUSTOMISED RUN COACHING PLANS — How to Run Faster, Be Stronger, Run Longer Without Burnout & Injuries

Have you struggled to fit in training in your busy life? Maybe you don't know where to start, or perhaps you have done a few races but keep having motivation or injury troubles?

Do you want to beat last year's time or finish at the front of the pack? Want to run your first 5-km or run a 100-miler?

​​Do you want a holistic programme that is personalised & customised to your ability, goals, and lifestyle?

Go to www.runninghotcoaching.com for our online run training coaching.

Health Optimisation and Life Coaching

Are you struggling with a health issue and need people who look outside the square and are connected to some of the greatest science and health minds in the world? Then reach out to us at [email protected], we can jump on a call to see if we are a good fit for you.

If you have a big challenge ahead, are dealing with adversity or want to take your performance to the next level and want to learn how to increase your mental toughness, emotional resilience, foundational health, and more, contact us at [email protected].

Order My Books

My latest book Relentless chronicles the inspiring journey about how my mother and I defied the odds after an aneurysm left my mum Isobel with massive brain damage at age 74. The medical professionals told me there was absolutely no hope of any quality of life again. Still, I used every mindset tool, years of research and incredible tenacity to prove them wrong and bring my mother back to full health within three years. Get your copy here: https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books/products/relentless.

For my other two best-selling books Running Hot and Running to Extremes, chronicling my ultrarunning adventures and expeditions all around the world, go to https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books.

Lisa's Anti-Ageing and Longevity Supplements

NMN: Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, an NAD+ precursor

Feel Healthier and Younger*

Researchers have found that Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide or NAD+, a master regulator of metabolism and a molecule essential for the functionality of all human cells, is being dramatically decreased over time.

What is NMN?

NMN Bio offers a cutting edge Vitamin B3 derivative named NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) that can boost the levels of NAD+ in muscle tissue and liver. Take charge of your energy levels, focus, metabolism and overall health so you can live a happy, fulfilling life.

Founded by scientists, NMN Bio offers supplements of the highest purity and rigorously tested by an independent, third-party lab. Start your cellular rejuvenation journey today.

Support Your Healthy Ageing

We offer powerful third-party tested NAD+ boosting supplements so you can start your healthy ageing journey today.

Shop now: https://nmnbio.nz/collections/all

• NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 250mg | 30 capsules
• NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 500mg | 30 capsules
• 6 Bottles | NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 250mg | 30 Capsules
• 6 Bottles | NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 500mg | 30 Capsules

Quality You Can Trust — NMN

Our premium range of anti-ageing nutraceuticals (supplements that combine Mother Nature with cutting edge science) combats the effects of aging while designed to boost NAD+ levels. Manufactured in an ISO9001 certified facility

Boost Your NAD+ Levels — Healthy Ageing: Redefined

• Cellular Health
• Energy & Focus
• Bone Density
• Skin Elasticity
• DNA Repair
• Cardiovascular Health
• Brain Health
• Metabolic Health

My 'Fierce' Sports Jewellery Collection

For my gorgeous and inspiring sports jewellery collection, 'Fierce', go to https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/lisa-tamati-bespoke-jewellery-collection.

Episode Highlights [02:47] Richard's Background

• Richard used to be clinically obese and diabetic in his 20s. He also suffered from chronic fatigue, depression, anxiety, migraines, and arthritic pains.
• He tried many lifestyles and diets but lacked proper knowledge of nutrition and did not understand what foods are healthy.
• Richard used to take different medications, but these increased his anxiety and headache.
• He also tried cutting off bread from his diet. It helped him lose 28 pounds in 4 weeks. His friend then introduced him to the ketogenic diet.

[08:04] How the Ketogenic Diet Helped Richard

• Richard struggled with transitioning to the ketogenic diet. His headaches worsened, and he had an intense sugar craving.
• He persevered, and the ketogenic diet changed his life. He lost 107 pounds in 12 months, reversed diabetes, and erased his migraines.
• People have a misconception that cholesterol is bad fuel and people can't live without carbohydrates.
• Yet, there are many scientific studies that state otherwise.

[13:33] How Richard Started Keto Pro

• The truth about "healthy" food is the opposite of what we are usually taught.
• The insight was so shocking that Richard wanted to share his learnings through coaching. He quit his job and started Keto Pro.
• Richard further developed his understanding of the ketogenic diet through research and self-experimentation.

[19:57] Different People Need Different Things

• Genetic differences can dictate what is important. For example, Lisa shares how her Maori and Pacific Island friends are better suited for low-carb diets.
• What works for someone else may not work for you. Be open-minded and constantly experiment to find what suits your body best.
• If you want to change your health, you need to start with the basics.

[22:23] How to Start a Ketogenic Diet

• First, cut off grains. Second, drop vegetable and seed oils.
• Grains play a role in developing autoimmune diseases. They can release lectin that makes our antibodies attack proteins in our body.
• Richard recommends removing all grains. This includes bread, pasta, rice, and cereals. Although white rice is low in lectin, it can be easy to over-consume.
• Rice is also high in carbohydrates, which can make you insulin resistant.

[25:45] Why You Should Reduce Carbohydrates

• Excess carbohydrates can create metabolic dysregulation.
• Insulin resistance happens over some time.
• Carbohydrate consumption can be different for everyone. If you're insulin resistant, reduce your consumption.
• Most people are taught the caloric model for healthy eating. This does not account for nuances and micronutrients. Listen to the full episode to learn more!

[29:38] How the Ketogenic Diet can Help Athletes

• Carbohydrate-dependent athletes can find it hard to run long marathons since they need to refuel around every 20 minutes.
• Meanwhile, fat-adapted athletes can run 100k without needing to refuel and worrying about electrolytes.
• Lectins tend to bind to insulin receptors and take five times more storage than fat.
• Lectins can also prevent the absorption of other nutrients, which can easily lead to overeating since we need more nutrients.
• Ketogenic diets can not only help with weight loss but can also build lean muscle. To prove this, Richard joined physique competitions despite his anxiety.

[42:04] How to Utilise Fat and Protein

• Richard shares that even with his poor genes, the ketogenic diet helped him gain the physique to become a bodybuilding champion.
• Carbohydrates do not grow muscles. Instead, it's the co-ingestion of fat with protein.
• A good starting point is 70% fat and 25% protein to induce a ketogenic state. However, Richard recommends increasing proteins after 2–3 weeks.
• There is still a lot of fear surrounding protein in the ketogenic community. Proteins do not pull people away from the ketogenic state.
• Increasing your protein intake can also make the diet more sustainable.

[46:21] Should We Cycle In and Out of Ketosis?

• Maintaining a ketogenic state helps Richard more than cycling in and out of ketosis.
• Since his body is keto-adapted, he can process a large volume of carbohydrates and maintain a ketogenic state.
• Over time, the ketogenic diet can train your body to become metabolically flexible.

[48:56] Importance of Exogenous Ketones

• Beginners can use exogenous ketones to get into ketosis easier. This can also aid in the transition.
• However, Richard does not recommend combining exogenous ketones with a high-carbohydrate diet.
• Exogenous ketones can boost mental clarity and recovery during training. It can also help people who suffered from brain injuries, aneurysms, strokes, and concussions.

[55:14] Rethink Healthy Food

• Inflammation is a sign that you're doing something wrong.
• Your lifestyle may be the root cause of your health problems. Consider possible lifestyle changes before resorting to medication and surgery.
• Dig deeper into nutrition; the food that we think is healthy may really be
• High cholesterol levels and protein levels can help with healing and recovery. In the full episode, Richard shares how he healed from surgery 7 weeks earlier than expected.

[1:01:26] What Oils Should We Avoid?

• Sunflower, safflower, canola, and peanut oils come from seeds. The process to create them uses chemicals like hexane that can damage the body.
• Reducing saturated fats and replacing them with seed and vegetable oils can increase your risk of death.
• Cholesterol is essential for us to function. In fact, you can find cholesterol in every cell in your body.
• Richard consumes tallow, lard, ghee, avocado oil, coconut oil, and olive oil.
• He also recommends eating fish rather than fish oils for omega-3.

[1:05:54] Back to Basics

• Go back to the basics and cut out processed food.
• Understand how food and nutrition work.
• While restricting sugar is good, remember that all carbohydrates break down into sugar.
• Don't underestimate the gut-brain connection. Poor gut health can easily lead to depression and anxiety.
• Age does not correlate with size. If you have a lot of visceral fat, that's a sign of metabolic dysregulation.

[1:16:41] Introducing Keto Pro

• Richard shares the importance of research and development, rather than marketing, for Keto Pro.
• His products have the world's highest purity rating at 99.9%.
• Keto Pro also offers electrolytes mixed with molybdenum, selenium, and aster xantham.
• They use all-natural ingredients and without artificial sweeteners.
• Richard is committed to serving the best product possible to help people. Find out more about Keto Pro's products in the full episode.

Resources

• Gain exclusive access and bonuses to Pushing the Limits Podcast by becoming a patron!
• Previous Pushing the Limits podcast episodes:
• • Episode 189: Understanding Autophagy and Increasing Your Longevity with Dr Elena Seranova
  • Episode 183: Sirtuins and NAD Supplements for Longevity with Dr Elena Seranova
• Ancel Keys and the lipid hypothesis: early breakthroughs to current management of dyslipidemia (BCMJ)
• Insulin vs Glucagon: The relevance of dietary protein by Dr Benjamin Bikman
• BioDiet by David Harper and Dale Drewery
• Coingestion of protein with carbohydrate during recovery from endurance exercise stimulates skeletal muscle protein synthesis in humans (NCBI)
• Sodium and health - concordance and controversy (BMJ)
• The Undiscussed Side Effects of Birth Control Pills
• Get your premium exogenous ketones at Keto Pro. You can also access educational videos about keto here!
• Interested in Richard's full story and before/after pictures? Find out more here.
• Connect with Richard: Twitter | Instagram

7 Powerful Quotes

"I tried every sort of diet and lifestyle that you can think of and nothing seemed to work, almost to the point you had thrown in the towel and given up. But I hated the way I looked. I hated the fact I didn't have energy. It didn't sit right with me; it didn't seem normal."

"This whole reeducation piece — this is what we're trying to teach people that these foods are causing inflammation and insulin resistance. One of the factors that many overlook is that people look at the caloric model: it's X amount of calories — calories in, calories out. "

"I don't want that food. But if I do, I'm willing to accept the consequences today because tomorrow I'm going to be backing in strict and avoiding migraines and seed oils. But ketones — as you say — a fantastic way to help induce a ketogenic state."

"A lot of people will ask the question, 'Well, I've had my bloods done. I'm not diabetic, therefore, I'm not insulin-resistant.' Insulin resistance happens over a long time… But insulin rises to continue to keep us healthy and drive these nutrients into the cells. Insulin will rise over time, and it'll continue to raise until the point where it can't raise any more. "

"But for me, it comes down to the core foundation, and I think, comes back to reeducating about the effects of these carbohydrates and seed oils. I think as long as you're mindful, when you reeducate someone, you're arming them with a tool, and you're giving them the means to make that decision."

"I've done it the right way. It's just difficult to market a product, especially. We're a small company and keep it within. The UK isn't as big as it is in the US and the rest of the world. So I think it comes down to reeducating people and explaining that there's a lot of common misconceptions about keto and the cholesterol ketoacidosis."

"I keep going back to why I started to do what I do, and it was in order to help people."

About Richard Smith

Richard Smith is a nutritionist and professional athlete who became a British Champion. He used to suffer from pre-diabetes, kidney stones, high blood pressure, high glucose levels, and many illnesses. He took various medications but none of them work, forcing him to take a full pack of paracetamol every single day. Eventually, he tried the ketogenic diet, and it changed his life forever.

The ketogenic lifestyle reversed his illnesses. Seeing the benefits of the lifestyle, Richard created Keto Pro to give people access to affordable and high-quality ketogenic products.

Learn more about the ketogenic lifestyle on Keto Pro. You can also connect with Richard on Twitter and Instagram.

Enjoyed This Podcast?

If you did, be sure to subscribe and share it with your friends!

Post a review and share it! If you enjoyed tuning in, then leave us a review. You can also share this with your family and friends so they can learn how to optimise their health.

Have any questions? You can contact me through email ([email protected]) or find me on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.

For more episode updates, visit my website. You may also tune in on Apple Podcasts.

To pushing the limits,

Lisa

Lisa deep dives into your top rules to live by to achieve your dreams, visions and goals, to integrate into your psyche. They are a blueprint for achieving what you want in life on your terms.

Learn why failure is only a feedback loop, why the naysayers in life can be the biggest blessings you have on your road to success.

Why you should never subordinate yourself to the dreams and wishes of others and how to define your own values and hence your own dreams and goals.

Why setting "Fantasy" goals will not lead to success but to disappointment and why having a higher purpose is the ticket for getting more out of yourself.

We would like to thank our sponsors

Running Hot - By Lisa Tamati & Neil Wagstaff

If you want to run faster, longer and be stronger without burnout and injuries then check out and TRY our Running Club for FREE on a 7 day FREE TRIAL Complete holistic running programmes for distances from 5km to ultramarathon and for beginners to advanced runners. All include Run training sessions, mobility workouts daily, strength workouts specific for runners, nutrition guidance and mindset help Plus injury prevention series, foundational plans, running drill series and a huge library of videos, articles, podcasts, clean eating recipes and more. www.runninghotcoaching.com/info and don't forget to subscribe to our youtube channel at Lisa's Youtube channel www.yotube.com/user/lisatamat and come visit us on our facebook group www.facebook.com/groups/lisatamati

You can find all our programs, courses, live seminars and more at www.lisatamati.com

We are also holding another live event on the 31st of August- 1st of September in Havelock North, New Zealand - Its a weekend running seminar

Join us for a weekend of fun, inspiration and education around everything Running

Do you want to run with less pain and injuries, avoid burnout and over training? Do you want to have a better running technique? Want to improve your times? Want to learn how to maximise your training time and train efficiently while getting optimal results?

If you answered yes to any of these questions then this weekend is for you! Suitable for absolute beginners just starting out on their journey through to elite ultramarathon runners looking to improve their 100 mile times.

So come and meet some great like minded people and hang out with the Running Hot Coaching team and completely change the trajectory of your running career.

What's included Saturday 31st of August (9am-4pm + Dinner)

Run video analysis and review

Drills and skills for runners

Core and strength training for runners

Flexibility and mobility for runners

Nutrition for runners

Mindset training

Dinner and tales from the trails with Lisa Tamati and Neil Wagstaff (Meal and entertainment included in the package price, drinks extra)

Sunday 1st of September (9am-12:30pm)

Putting it all together into a programme that works for you

2 hours walk/hike/run on Te Mata Peak (suitable for all abilities)

Find out more and register here: https://training.runninghotcoaching.com/how-to-revolutionise-your-running-training?fbclid=IwAR2bFPz6A26CMbzrMhqRyIcdCs9Sgb25mnYv3jTbneouxyyWtzqIx9ZZrKI

The information contained in this show is not medical advice it is for educational purposes only and the opinions of guests are not the views of the show. Please seed your own medical advice from a registered medical professional.

Most of us go about our lives, assuming that the changes we may feel in our bodies are simply signs of aging. When we're sick, we look for treatments and quick fixes. A more proactive approach to your health could save you from the financial and emotional distress that comes with a scary diagnosis.

In this episode, Dr Charles Meakin discusses how Care Oncology has provided early detection services, along with alternative and additional treatments for cancer patients. He talks about the benefits of disease prevention, particularly cancer prevention. He also shares the six fundamentals for better health and encourages us to live healthier, even if we don't suffer from diseases.

Read the episode if you want to learn more about cancer and disease prevention through better life practices!

Here are three reasons you should listen to the full episode:

1. Understand how Care Oncology is providing accessible options for cancer detection and treatment. Find out the four drugs on which the company is focusing its efforts.
2. Discover Dr Charles' six fundamentals for better health.
3. Learn to see threats as opportunities and be able to stay consistent.

Get Customised Guidance for Your Genetic Make-Up

For our epigenetics health program, all about optimising your fitness, lifestyle, nutrition, and mental performance to your particular genes, go to https://wellness.lisatamati.com/epigenetics.

Customised Online Coaching for Runners

CUSTOMISED RUN COACHING PLANS — How to Run Faster, Be Stronger, Run Longer Without Burnout & Injuries

Have you struggled to fit into training in your busy life? Maybe you don't know where to start, or perhaps you have done a few races but keep having motivation or injury troubles?

Do you want to beat last year or finish at the front of the pack? Want to run your first 5-km or run a 100-miler?

​​Do you want a holistic program that is personalised & customised to your ability, goals, and lifestyle?

Go to www.runninghotcoaching.com for our online run training coaching.

Health Optimisation and Life Coaching

Are you struggling with a health issue and need people who look outside the square and are connected to some of the world's greatest science and health minds? Then reach out to us at [email protected], and we can jump on a call to see if we are a good fit for you.

If you have an enormous challenge ahead, are dealing with adversity, or want to take your performance to the next level and learn how to increase your mental toughness, emotional resilience, foundational health, and more, contact us at [email protected].

Order My Books

My latest book, Relentless, chronicles the inspiring journey of how my mother and I defied the odds after an aneurysm left my mum Isobel with massive brain damage at age 74. The medical professionals told me there was absolutely no hope of any quality of life again. Still, I used every mindset tool, years of research, and incredible tenacity to prove them wrong and bring my mother back to full health within three years. Get your copy here: https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books/products/relentless.

For my other two best-selling books Running Hot and Running to Extremes, chronicling my ultra-running adventures and expeditions all around the world, go to https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books.

Lisa's Anti-Ageing and Longevity Supplements

NMN: Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, an NAD+ precursor

Feel Healthier and Younger*

Researchers have found that Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide or NAD+, a master regulator of metabolism and a molecule essential for the functionality of all human cells, is being dramatically decreased over time.

What is NMN?

NMN Bio offers a cutting-edge Vitamin B3 derivative named NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) that can boost the levels of NAD+ in muscle tissue and the liver. Take charge of your energy levels, focus, metabolism, and overall health to live a happy, fulfilling life.

Founded by scientists, NMN Bio offers supplements of the highest purity and is rigorously tested by an independent, third-party lab. Start your cellular rejuvenation journey today.

Support Your Healthy Aging

We offer powerful third-party tested NAD+ boosting supplements so you can start your healthy aging journey today.

Shop now: https://nmnbio.nz/collections/all

• NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 250mg | 30 capsules
• NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 500mg | 30 capsules
• 6 Bottles | NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 250mg | 30 Capsules
• 6 Bottles | NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 500mg | 30 Capsules

Quality You Can Trust — NMN

Our premium range of anti-aging nutraceuticals (supplements that combine Mother Nature with groundbreaking science) combats the effects of aging while designed to boost NAD+ levels—manufactured in an ISO9001 certified facility.

Boost Your NAD+ Levels — Healthy Aging: Redefined

• Cellular Health
• Energy & Focus
• Bone Density
• Skin Elasticity
• DNA Repair
• Cardiovascular Health
• Brain Health
• Metabolic Health

My 'Fierce' Sports Jewellery Collection

For my gorgeous and inspiring sports jewellery collection, 'Fierce,' go to https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/lisa-tamati-bespoke-jewellery-collection.

Episode Highlights [03:45] Dr Charles' and Care Oncology's Background

• Charles has worked in oncology for 30 years. He started working at a big hospital in Charlotte, but pivoted after becoming legally blind.
• He eventually discovered Care Oncology, a company that applies metabolic strategies for cancer treatment.
• Care Oncology was started by Robin Bannister, a pharmacist and drug developer. His wife had developed stage-four breast cancer and had exhausted all treatment options.
• Robin selected four drugs commonly used for non-cancer disorders but were found to affect cancer.
• Robin selected four drugs based on human data, safety, non-overlapping effects, and their benefits for other chronic conditions.

[08:46] Care Oncology's Approach

• Care Oncology uses metformin, atorvastatin, doxycycline, and mebendazole. The company kept to the dosage of the four drugs within a specific range.
• Additional drugs, like Prozac and oxaloacetate, also proved helpful along with the metabolic approach.
• Over the years, cancer research has focused more on the somatic mutation theory than the metabolic theory.
• The metabolic approach to cancer is slowly becoming more widespread.
• Even Dr Weinberg, who championed the hallmarks of cancer, added three more hallmarks that are purely metabolic.

[16:52] Diet and Future of the Metabolic Approach

• From a somatic perspective, diet is not very important to curing cancer; however, food does affect cancer.
• The standard American diet of proteins and fruits and grains can cause issues for cancer patients.
• Care Oncology has recently merged with Stage Zero Life Sciences for early detection. They perform blood biopsies and are looking into the RNA expression of white blood cells.
• Early detection technology is slowly becoming more available.
• As the company expands, they intend to add various types of cancers to their treatment list. . Learn about Care Oncology's testing process by listening to the full episode.

[30:38] What Care Oncology Prioritises

• Charles shares that Care Oncology prioritises the markers with the most impact, as nuanced tests are more expensive.
• The death rate from cancer may decrease, but the cancer rate is increasing.
• He shares how one in three women who get breast cancer become bankrupt after treatments.
• Care Oncology wants to reverse this experience by providing cheaper early detection methods through blood biopsies. Their process includes follow-ups and discussions.
• Their State Zero tests are currently available only in the US, but the company hopes to expand over time.

[36:28] Why Early Detection is Important

• Tests can predict patterns before cancer physically manifests.
• It's important to get regular physicals, lifestyle checks, and screenings every 18 months to 2 years.
• The earlier you detect cancer, the higher the survival rate. . Early detection can also mean less expensive.
• According to Charles, colon cancer detected in stage one has a 90% chance of being cured. However, the later the cancer is detected, the lower the chance of being cured.
• It costs more to fix something than to prevent something.

[43:11] There's No One Treatment for Everyone

• Charles shares that his best outcomes were when he customised treatments based on patients' needs.
• Unfortunately, cancer treatment is often too focused on following guidelines.
• It's important for patients to have hope that they can get better.
• Unfortunately, physicians have little time to fully engage with patients.
• There is no "right way" to treat cancer. What works for one patient may not work for others.
• Talk to your doctors about what you're putting in your body. This also applies to the vaccine and diet.

[56:12] Balance is Key

• It's important to be aware of your sugar intake. A patient's BMI can have an impact on the success of treatments.
• Charles recommends intermittent fasting with a diet of animal protein, healthy fats, and low fructose fruits. Couple this diet with micro-exercises before and after meals.
• Our muscles are the biggest organ in our body, and they can act as metabolic neutralizers.
• Make sure your meals are balanced. Remember to consider your sleep and mood.

[1:01:48] Find Opportunities

• Everything can be seen as an opportunity to learn more about yourself and to grow.
• See things as a challenge instead of a threat.
• Not everyone has a growth mindset, but people will ‌develop this by identifying their purpose.

[1:06:32] Dr Mekin's Recommendations: BEGSIS

• First, nostril breathing.
• Second, eat only real foods made up of fats, proteins, and low carbohydrates. Keep yourself hydrated.
• Get moving to maintain and enhance your functionality.
• Sleep. Make sure you recover and have your rhythms in order.
• Have intent and always have a mission bigger than yourself.
• Be social and involve yourself with others. Social isolation is a predictor of demise.

[1:10:37] Focus on Fundamentals

• With everything happening in the world, it's easy to focus on the negative.
• Remember to be in the moment and look for the beauty in life.
• Get back to the core fundamentals.

[1:13:33] Keep Testing Yourself

• Not everyone can do everything at the same time. Therefore, doctors need to help people prioritise what will work for them.
• Charles shares that he's very proud of Care Oncology's work in cancer treatment.
• Despite being 63, he likes to climb mountains annually to challenge himself.
• Charles details how he puts himself in uncomfortable situations in the full episode.

[1:19:21] Future of Medicine

• Charles shares that the next ten years may change many things in medicine.
• Look into the research. Clinical practice is often behind the latest developments.
• Stay persistent and take care of yourself.
• Twenty years ago, people would die one year after losing their vitality and independence. Now, they tend to live up to 12 years. They may be alive, but they're often unhappy.

7 Powerful Quotes.'

'A healthy person has multiple wishes and ideas while a sick person only has one wish — that's to get better again. Early spending of the dedication of time and money pays off.'

'A lower dose metabolic protocol with prescription drugs and supplements, and lifestyle coaching prevent the development of disease or cancer.'

'If you find cancer in stage one, you have a greater than 90% cure, which is surgery at most. Then if you find it in stage four, the cure rate drops down to the mid-teens, then you're never off treatment, and you will spend a fortune.'

'...to eat anything. That is the worst advice that you can give a cancer patient.'

"We're evolutionarily designed to eat primarily fats and proteins with some seasonal carbohydrates. So that's what 99% of our biology was based on.'

'Sometimes, an ounce of prevention could save you financially and, actually, health.'

'A lot of times, there's a silver lining to some of these obstacles put in our way.'

Resources

• Gain exclusive access and bonuses to Pushing the Limits Podcast by becoming a patron!
• Tripping Over the Truth: How the Metabolic Theory of Cancer Is Overturning One of Medicine's Most Entrenched Paradigms by Travis Christofferson
• Curable: How an Unlikely Group of Radical Innovators is Trying to Transform our Health Care System by Travis Christofferson
• How to Starve Cancer by Jane McLelland
• Listen to our previous episodes:
• • Episode 229: Cancer Treatments: Starve Cancer, Be Free From It with Jane McLelland
  • Episode 227: Fighting Cancer and Other Diseases Using The Ketogenic Diet with Dr Dominic D'Agostino
• Care Oncology: Website I Facebook
• AVRT Now
• Connect with Dr Charles: LinkedIn
• Want to learn more from Dr Charles? Check out Coach it Forward Chuck

About Dr Charles

Dr Charles Meakin is the US Medical Director at Care Oncology Clinic with over 40 years of experience in healthcare, eastern philosophies, fitness predictors of longevity, and happiness. In 2018, he retired after 30 years in radiation oncology practice due to a worsening retinal condition. He then joined Care Oncology and launched his charity health and wellness coaching.

Want to learn more about Charles? Check out Care Oncology and Coach it Forward, Chuck.

You can also find him on LinkedIn.

Enjoyed This Podcast?

If you did, subscribe and share it with your friends!

Post a review and share it! If you enjoyed tuning in, then leave us a review. You can also share this with your family and friends so they can know how to prevent diseases like cancer.

If you have any other queries, you can contact me through email ([email protected]) or find me on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and YouTube.

For more episode updates, visit my website. You may also tune in on Apple Podcasts.

To pushing the limits, Lisa.

When we optimise our performance, we usually think of the basics of training, sleep, and food. Yet, we often miss one important aspect: breathing. If you have ever felt brain fog, a racing mind or insomnia, breathing may be the solution you need.

In this episode, Patrick McKeown joins us to explain how mouth breathing can harm our health and performance, and many people still do this unconsciously. He shares that we need to transition to nasal breathing to help us breathe better. The change may be difficult at first, but Patrick encourages us through steps to help guide this change.

If you want to know more about the science behind nasal breathing, then this episode is for you.

Get Customised Guidance for Your Genetic Make-Up

For our epigenetics health program all about optimizing your fitness, lifestyle, nutrition, and mind performance to your particular genes, go to

https://wellness.lisatamati.com/epigenetics.

Online Coaching for Runners

Go to www.runninghotcoaching.com for our online run training coaching. You can also join our free live webinar on runners' warm-up to learn how a structured and specific warm-up can make a massive difference in how you run.

Consult with Me

If you would like to work with me one to one on anything from your mindset, to head injuries, to biohacking your health, to optimal performance or executive coaching, please book a consultation here: https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/consultations

Order My Books

My latest book Relentless chronicles the inspiring journey about how my mother and I defied the odds after an aneurysm left my mum Isobel with massive brain damage at age 74. The medical professionals told me there was absolutely no hope of any quality of life again, but I used every mindset tool, years of research and incredible tenacity to prove them wrong and bring my mother back to full health within 3 years. Get your copy here: http://relentlessbook.lisatamati.com/

For my other two best-selling books Running Hot and Running to Extremes chronicling my ultrarunning adventures and expeditions all around the world, go to https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books.

My Jewellery Collection

For my gorgeous and inspiring sports jewellery collection 'Fierce', go to

https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/lisa-tamati-bespoke-jewellery-collection.

Here are three reasons why you should listen to the full episode:

1. Learn how mouth breathing can affect many aspects of your life.
2. Discover the power of nasal breathing and how it can help improve your sleep and concentration.
3. Understand the steps for transitioning to nasal breathing.

Resources

• Follow Patrick's Amazon page for updates on his latest book, The Breathing Cure.
• In the meantime, you can Patrick's The Oxygen Advantage!
• **INCLUDE LINK TO EPISODE WITH JAMES NESTOR ONCE IT'S OUT**
• Why We Sleep: Unlocking The Power Of Sleep And Dreams by Matthew Walker
• Breath: The New Science Of A Lost Art by James Nestor
• BOLT Method to test your breathing efficiency.
• Check out Buteyko Clinic and The Oxygen Advantage for breathing tools mentioned in this episode!

Episode Highlights [2:16] Patrick's Journey Into Breathing

• Patrick shared how he was a chronic mouth breather and had asthma growing up. This condition got worse in time and affected his concentration and studies.
• Chronic mouth breathing affects 25 - 50% of children, yet the medical industry is not doing anything to address it.
• Patrick's personal experience and struggles made him realise that no one is teaching how to breathe correctly.
• Breathing is fundamental to attention and sleep.
• Listen to the full episode for an overview of how breathing can affect our development and life!

[13:35] The Importance Of Nasal Breathing

• Transitioning to nasal breathing can increase oxygen pressure by 10%.
• Mouth breathing is often tied to chest breathing, which is faster. Faster, shallower breaths cause the body to think it is in danger.
• Nasal breathing can help conditions such as asthma, COVID-19 recovery, sarcoidosis, anxiety, depression, functional movement and more.
• Adults usually breath four to six litres of air during rest. Asthmatics report breathing as much as 10 to 15 litres.
• Approximately 75% of the people with anxiety have dysfunctional breathing.

[21:49] Breathing And Stress

• Stress is always accompanied by faster and upper chest breathing.
• Faster breathing causes us to think we're in danger.
• Light, slow, and deep breathing should be taught to people with anxiety and PTSD.
• Correct, functional breathing shouldn't be used in five-minute chunks, but instead, be how we breathe every day.

[25:59] Breathing And Sleep

• The problem of snoring lies in mouth breathing.
• Nasal breathing helps address sleep apnea.
• Roughly 50% of the adult population sleeps with their mouth open.
• If your mouth is dry in the morning, you may be sleeping with your mouth open.
• Listen to the full episode to learn more about the importance of breathing for better sleep.

[33:13] How To Remedy Mouth Breathing

• Patrick recommends taping the mouth to encourage nasal breathing.
• Dentists are in a good position to spot mouth breathing.
• Patrick notes that facial abnormalities are a mark of mouth breathing.
• Mouth breathing in young children and babies can be corrected early with the proper techniques.

[45:06] Effects On Facial Development

• Anthropologists have concluded that we had straight teeth all the time.
• However, over the years, eating soft food has changed our jaws and teeth.
• These changes led to the overcrowding of teeth and dental decay. It even affects our breathing!
• It's still being questioned whether small mouths cause mouth breathing or vice versa. Regardless, we need to address this problem immediately.
• Listen to the full episode for more information on how facial development has changed over the years.

[56:55] Transition To Nasal Breathing

• As adults, we can still influence the shape of our face.
• Transitioning to nasal breathing may be difficult at first, but remember that it will be better for you in the long run.
• You can test your breathing by using the BOLT Method
• .
• Nasal breathing, in conjunction with other techniques, can drastically improve physical performance in athletes.

[1:07:55] Building Foundations

• Wim Hof has been vital in raising awareness of breathwork.
• Patrick notes that the Wim Hof method is a stressor exercise, not functional breathing.
• Before learning these high-level breathing techniques, it's more important to get functional breathing right first.
• Functional breathing is how you breathe throughout the day.
• Listen to the full episode for the discussion on building your breathing foundation.

7 Powerful Quotes from This Episode

'Society does demand us to concentrate. Concentration is demanded of us. But nobody teaches us how.'

'The other thing about mouth breathing is typically chest breathing is activating the upper chest, and it's also causing faster and harder breathing. And physiologically, this is putting us into a fight or flight response.'

'When I see people coming in with a racing mind, and I look at their breathing, I very often see faster breathing, just a little bit faster. It's not that the person is having a panic attack, it's just their breathing is a little bit faster. Maybe the respiratory rate is 16 breaths per minute, plus, they have upper chest breathing, they can often have irregular breathing patterns.'

'If we get stressed today, our breathing gets faster, harder... that's telling the brain we are in danger. So how do we change and switch this off? Well, when we start practising to breathe, breathe slow, and breathe deep. And the acronym that I use is LSD. So light, slow, and deep breathing. The feedback then is from the body back to the brain. And the brain is interpreting it that the body is in a safe environment because the body would not be breathing light, slow and deep if there was danger.'

'If you have somebody who is breathing harder and faster, our typical person with asthma is a prime example. And it's known that as asthma severity increases, so does obstructive sleep apnea. People with asthma are tired.'

'We know that 50% of the adult population have their mouth opened during sleep... so if the mouth is dry in the morning, you're not likely to be waking up feeling great.'

'We're changing breathing patterns but we're not necessarily changing the behaviour of nasal breathing and mouth breathing... I need you to start taping your mouth during the day... and it was a total game-changer. This was really forming that habit of nose breathing.'

About Patrick

Patrick McKeown is a leading authority in the field of breathing. His clinical training was built at Trinity College Dublin in Russia. He was later accredited as a breathing coach by renowned physician Dr Konstantin Buteyko in 2002. Patrick's work focuses on breathing for performance and sleep. He has published several research studies in international medical journals, and top literary publishers have published his work.

In addition to his research, Patrick is also the breathing advisor to the Extreme Performance Training XPT program - created by American big-wave surfer, Laird Hamilton - and has taught more than 700 breathing instructors across 45 countries. He has also trained elite military Special Forces, SWAT, Olympic coaches and athletes. He also regularly appears on popular podcasts including London Real, Ben Greenfield, Ben Pakulski, Warrior Souls and Bulletproof.

Excited for the latest release from Patrick? You can follow him at Buteyko Clinic and Oxygen Advantage. Follow his Amazon page for updates on his latest book, The Breathing Cure.

You can also follow Patrick on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter.

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Post a review and share it! If you enjoyed tuning in, then leave us a review. You can also share this with your family and friends so they can include more amino acids in protein in their diet.

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To pushing the limits,

Lisa

The information contained in this show is not medical advice it is for educational purposes only and the opinions of guests are not the views of the show. Please seed your own medical advice from a registered medical professional.

Even professional athletes aren't immune to cramping and dehydration. If you constantly suffer from these, your performance can be sorely affected. It's understandably frustrating, but it doesn't have to be — as long as you know your body well and how to optimise fuel and hydration to enhance your athletic performance.

In this episode, sports scientist Andy Blow discusses the proper way to fuel and hydrate your body for peak athletic performance. We disuss sweat tests and how they can help you balance your intake of fluid and electrolytes. Andy shares the importance of carb fueling, along with the benefits of intermittent fasting and the keto diet. Lastly, Andy explains what his company, Precision Fuel & Hydration, does and its commitment to helping athletes achieve peak health and performance.

If you want to learn more about proper fueling and hydration, then this episode is for you!

Here are three reasons why you should listen to the full episode:

1. Understand your body's needs for peak athletic performance.
2. Learn the amount of carbs, fluid, and electrolytes your body needs.
3. Find out how to curb gut issues while hydrating.

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Episode Highlights [03:51] Andy's Background

• Andy was a full-time athlete and studied sports science at university.
• Bringing together his degree and athletic background, he built his company, Precision Fuel & Hydration.
• Andy participated in triathlons and aimed for the 2004 Athens Olympics. His performance sweet-spot was races over an hour and less than five or six hours.

[09:11] The Story Behind Precision Fuel & Hydration

• During races, Andy performed well in cool conditions.
• He noticed that he didn't do well in hot weather. He had a high sweat rate, which led to cramps and low sodium levels.
• After getting a sweat test, he discovered that he was losing too much salt through sweat.
• So, he dialled up the sodium and reduced his fluid intake. The electrolyte dosage is crucial for optimum performance.
• Andy started Precision Fuel & Hydration by sweat testing people to determine how much fluid and electrolytes they need.

[18:17] Gut Issues & Electrolytes

• Gut issues can occur when there's a mismatch between your physiology and the amount of electrolytes you're consuming.
• Listen to your body and make sure your intake of fluid and electrolytes are right for you.

[21:23] How To Get A Sweat Test

• Precision Fuel & Hydration has sweat test centres in the UK, America, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada.
• If you're interested in getting a sweat test, you can find their locations on their website or reach out to find someone local to you.
• Their website also has a free online hydration test.
• There's no "one size fits all" approach to hydration; an individualised approach to health is needed.

[27:37] The Relationship Between Sodium & Potassium

• The relationship between the ratios of body fluid and electrolytes is essential.
• Sodium is the predominant electrolyte in your extracellular fluid, while potassium is the predominant electrolyte in your intracellular fluid.
• An imbalance between sodium and potassium can be detrimental.
• Potassium doses can be dangerous if not done properly.

[27:37] The Role of Magnesium

• You don't lose vast amounts of magnesium when you sweat.
• However, some people find that taking magnesium supplements helps with cramps.
• The majority of cramping incidents can be solved with the right sodium supplementation, making it a game-changer in an athlete's performance.

[37:11] Carb Fueling

• If you load up on carbs before endurance events, you can go faster for longer.
• The more carbohydrates you can oxidise, the lower the oxygen your body consumes in exercise, and the faster you can go — that's why marathon runners consume lots of carbs.
• Maximise carbohydrate intake and absorption for endurance events.
• For fast moving-athletes, the minimum carbohydrate recommendation is around 60 to 90 grams per hour.
• Endurance training helps the body burn fat more efficiently, but when you're burning fat, your pace slows–which isn't optimal for racing.

[47:54] What's In Their Gels?

• Precision Fuel & Hydration gels are maltodextrin-based with some fructose.
• Other gels are more like syrups, which can make people sick, but Precision Fuel & Hydration gels are like jelly or jam without flavour, colour, and electrolytes.
• Its ingredients are carbs, pectin, and citric acid.
• Fat adaptation and carbs depend on your body and activity.
• While carbs might seem unfashionable with the rise of the keto diet and fat adaptation, carb intake can also help with fueling.

[57:22] Intermittent Fasting

• Andy cycles his carbohydrate intake around his activity level.
• His wife is interested in intermittent fasting from a scientifically-based perspective.
• He does not follow the same regime as his wife, but he skips breakfast and narrows his eating window depending on his activity.
• Doing intermittent fasting effectively fires up the same cellular machine.
• Don't be rigid about fasting and eat when you need to so you won't be deficient.

[1:07:14] Find Out How Much Carbs You Need

• Their Quick Carb Calculator shows how many carbs you need per hour.
• You can also access one-on-one video calls with their sports science team so you can get an individualised approach.

[1:09:26] Staying True To Their Mission

• Precision Fuel & Hydration began offering one-on-one video calls during the pandemic.
• They use automation to make these calls quick and simple.
• The core of their business is to be a resource for athletes — and they always keep this mission in mind as they scale.

7 Powerful Quotes

'I thought I'd solve the problem for everyone because I was taking a high dose and I was just like high dose is the way to go. But you learn over time that actually that more individualized approach is the way to go.'

'The thing about body fluid and electrolytes is that the absolute levels of them are important. But what's even more important is the relationship between the ratios between them.'

'Sodium is the predominant electrolyte in your extracellular fluid. Potassium is the predominant electrolyte in your intracellular fluid. When you get those two seriously out of whack that can cause problems — no matter if you've got the right level of water.'

'What happens with 90 odd percent of athletes that have electrolyte disturbances, it's a sodium imbalance issue because extracellular fluid is very sodium rich. It doesn't have a lot of potassium in it.'

'At least the majority, if not a vast majority of that cramping, can be alleviated with the right sodium supplementation.'

'If you want to go fast doing endurance events even for multiple hours, carbohydrate is your friend and you kind of need to work on ways to maximise intake and absorption.'

'One-size-fits-all soundbite advice like, 'With electrolytes, you need to do this. With fluid, you need to do this.' The reality is there's a little bit more or a lot more nuance in a lot of people's heads.'

Resources

• Gain exclusive access and bonuses to Pushing the Limits Podcast by becoming a patron!
• Precision Fuel & Hydration website
• Connect with Andy: Twitter | LinkedIn

About Andy

Andy Blow is a sports scientist and co-founder of Precision Fuel & Hydration. He earned his degree in Sports and Exercise Science from the University of Bath. His expertise is sweat, dehydration, and cramping. He was formerly the team sports adviser for the Benetton and Renault and remains the Porsche Human Performance Centre adviser.

An elite athlete in his youth, Andy finished in the top 10 of Ironman and IM 70.3 races, including winning an Xterra World title. His struggles with cramps and dehydration led to his specialisation in electrolyte replenishment and building Precision Fuel & Hydration. He's a leading figure in sports hydration and has co-authored several studies and books. His works have been published in BMJ Journals, Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, and Journal of the Endocrine Society.

Learn more about Andy's work on the Precision Fuel & Hydration website. You can also connect with him on Twitter and LinkedIn.

Enjoyed This Podcast?

If you did, be sure to subscribe and share it with your friends!

Post a review and share it! If you enjoyed tuning in, then leave us a review. You can also share this with your family and friends so they can know how to properly fuel and hydrate their bodies.

Have any questions? You can contact me through email ([email protected]) or find me on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.

For more episode updates, visit my website. You may also tune in on Apple Podcasts.

To pushing the limits,

Lisa

In today's episode Lisa's talks about the two minds. The conscious mid and the Subconscious mind. The subconscious mind can process 20 000 000 bits of info per second. The conscious mind can only process 40 bits of info/sec. So the subconscious mind can process 500 000 time more what the conscious mind is able to.

This information has powerful implications when it comes to getting what you want and desire in life and to changing behaviours and thought processes that are no longer serving you or that are limiting you.

Your conscious mind is your creative mind, your self, your wants, your desires. Your subconscious mind is a tape recorder. It just plays back whatever it was programmed with.

We learn how you got your programming to begin with and why it might be direct competition to what you actually want and how that might be sabotaging your attempts to change.

To learn more about this topic Lisa recommends you read "The Biology of Belief" by Dr Bruce Lipton and to study his works at www.brucelipton.com

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You can find all our programs, courses, live seminars and more at www.lisatamati.com

The information contained in this show is not medical advice it is for educational purposes only and the opinions of guests are not the views of the show. Please seed your own medical advice from a registered medical professional.