The manosphere has spent years quoting the Stoics to young men. Marcus Aurelius. Epictetus. Seneca. The version they sell, anger as strength, dominance as virtue, emotion as weakness, is the opposite of what those philosophers actually wrote.

In Meditations 11.18, Marcus Aurelius wrote in his private journal that gentleness is more manly than rage. Seneca, in Letter 63, wrote that we may weep but must not wail, and admitted he had been overcome by grief himself. Epictetus, in Discourses 2.10, said the man who turns into a wild beast has lost something essential. Musonius Rufus argued in Lecture IV that virtue is the same in man and woman. Cleanthes, Zeno's successor as head of the Stoic school, wrote a whole treatise on that idea in the 3rd century BCE.

This episode walks through what the original Stoics actually said about being a man, why the manosphere reading gets it backwards, and four traits of the Stoic version of manhood you can test yourself against.

Watch the video version: youtu.be/_CKtK4ajc2M

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