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每日英語跟讀 Ep.K185: About Cars - Microsoft, Ford team up on electric car software

Microsoft will expand its Hohm consumer energy management software to work with Ford Motor Company electric cars, the two companies announced Wednesday.

微軟將把其「Hohm」消費者能源管理軟體擴大應用在福特汽車公司的電動車上，這兩家公司週三宣布。

With Hohm, future owners of Ford’s electric vehicles will be able to determine when the best times will be to recharge their vehicles at home, executives from the two companies said at a press conference in New York.

透過「Hohm」，未來福特電動車的車主將可判定在家為車子充電的最佳時間，兩家公司主管在紐約記者會上說。

As consumers start using electric and hybrid electric vehicles en masse, electric companies will experience surges of power demand in the evenings when people come home from work and plug in their automobiles for recharging, explained Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer.

隨著消費者普遍開始使用電動及油電混合車，當民眾下班回家，將插頭插上為車子充電時，電力公司晚間將感受到電力需求劇增，微軟執行長鮑默解釋說。

The two companies pledged to work with utilities and municipal power companies so the software can determine when the most affordable times will be for consumers to recharge their vehicles.

這兩家公司矢言與公用事業及市立電力公司合作，以便讓該軟體能夠判定何時才是消費者為他們車子再充電的最划算時間。

Hohm is a Microsoft service that analyzes home electricity usage, suggesting changes for power savings.

「Hohm」是微軟的一項服務，負責分析家庭用電情況，並提出節能的調整建議。

Next Article

"Revenge-Spending" clears out Lamborghini for Most of 2021「報復性花錢」買光藍寶堅尼2021年大部分產量

Lamborghini said it’s almost sold out for the year as an easing pandemic unleashes a free-spending attitude among consumers confined to their homes for months.

藍寶堅尼公司說，由於防疫措施放寬掀起被困家中數月的消費者大膽放手花錢，他們今年的車子幾乎賣光。

The Italian supercar brand is set for "strong growth" in 2021 and has sold about 10 months of its production capacity, Chief Executive Officer Stephan Winkelmann said in an interview at the Milano Monza Motor Show.

這家義大利超級跑車品牌已賣出該廠大約10個月份的產量，預期2021年將「強勁成長」，執行長史帝芬．溫克曼在米蘭車展接受訪問說。

"Despite a two-month shutdown due to the pandemic, Lamborghini ended 2020 as its second-best year ever," Winkelmann said, as crowds swarmed the over 60 brands on show including Ferrari NV, Porsche and McLaren Automotive Ltd. in a sign of normal life resuming in major cities like Milan.

「儘管因為疫情停工了2個月，藍寶堅尼2020年表現仍創有史以來次佳的一年」，溫克曼說，同時，民眾蜂擁參觀參展的法拉利、保時捷、麥拉倫汽車等60多個品牌，透露出像米蘭這樣的大城市，生活正恢復正常。Source article: https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/401099 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1461980

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.K184: Northwest's Salmon Population May Be Running Out of Time

A Washington state report put it bluntly: Because of the devastating effects of climate change and deteriorating habitats, several species of salmon in the Pacific Northwest are “on the brink of extinction.”

華盛頓州一篇報告直截了當指出，由於氣候變遷跟棲地劣化的毀滅性影響， 美國西北部有數種鮭魚「瀕臨滅絕」。

Of the 14 species of salmon and steelhead trout in Washington state that have been deemed endangered and are protected under the Endangered Species Act, 10 are lagging recovery goals, and five are considered “in crisis,” according to the 2020 State of Salmon in Watersheds report.

根據《2020年水域內鮭魚狀況報告》，華盛頓州有14種鮭魚和虹鱒被認定為瀕危物種，並受到《瀕危物種法》保護，其中10種復育進度未能達標，有5種更被認定「處於危機之中」。

“Time is running out,” said the report, which is produced every other year by the Washington state Recreation and Conservation Office. “The climate is changing, rivers are warming, habitat is diminishing, and the natural systems that support salmon in the Pacific Northwest need help now more than ever.”

這份由華盛頓州休閒與保育辦公室兩年發表一次的報告說：「時間不多了。氣候正在改變，河流水溫正在升高，棲地正在減少，供養美國西北部鮭魚生存的自然系統，如今比以往任何時候都更需要幫助。」

Researchers say recovery efforts — involving state and federal agencies, Native American tribes, local conservation groups and others — have helped slow the decline of some salmon populations. The report found that two species — the Hood Canal summer chum and Snake River fall chinook — were approaching their recovery goals. It also noted that no new salmon species had been added to the endangered list since 2007.

研究人員說，由州與聯邦機構、美國原住民部落、地方保育組織和其他機構共同參與的復育行動，緩和了一些鮭魚數量的減少。報告中發現胡德運河夏天的鉤吻鮭與蛇河秋天的帝王鮭兩種鮭魚，復育正接近目標。報告還指出，自2007年以來沒有新的鮭魚種列入瀕危名單。

“We are at least treading water,” said Kaleen Cottingham, director of the Washington state Recreation and Conservation Office. “We have not, however, seen the kind of progress that we had hoped for.”

華盛頓州休閒與保育辦公室主任卡林‧柯廷漢說：「我們至少勉強穩住了情況，但我們沒有看到我們所期望的進展。」

With the effects of climate change expected to accelerate, researchers said that more must be done to prevent further population decline and the possible extinction of some species.

研究人員表示，氣候變遷的影響料將加速，必須更加努力以防止鮭魚數量進一步減少和一些魚種的滅絕。

Salmon play a vital role in the environment, economy and culture of the Pacific Northwest. At least 138 species depend on salmon for their food in some way. Salmon support an estimated 16,000 jobs in the fishing industry, and they are a draw for tourists.

鮭魚在美國西北部環境、經濟與文化中扮演至關重要角色。在某種程度上，至少有138個物種以鮭魚為食。鮭魚為漁業提供約1萬6千個工作，並吸引大量遊客。

Before the 20th century, an estimated 10 million to 16 million adult salmon and steelhead trout returned annually to the Columbia River system. The current return of wild fish is 2% of that.

20世紀以前，估計每年有1000萬到1600萬成年鮭魚和虹鱒回到哥倫比亞河水系。目前返回的野生鮭魚數量只有這個數字的2％。

One of the largest factors inhibiting salmon recovery is habitat loss. A growing human population has led to development along the shoreline and the addition of bulkheads, or sea walls, that encroach on beaches where salmon generally find insects and other food. More pavement and hard surfaces have contributed to an increase in toxic stormwater runoff that pollutes Puget Sound.

阻礙鮭魚復育的最大原因之一為棲地喪失，不斷成長的人口導致海岸沿線的開發，加上隔板或海堤的增加，這些侵占了鮭魚平常尋找昆蟲及其他食物的海灘。更多的鋪裝路面和堅硬的地面導致有毒雨水流量的增加，進而汙染了普吉特海灣。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/5238125

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.K183: Do Chance Meetings at the Office Boost Innovation? There’s No Evidence of It

When Yahoo banned working from home in 2013, the reason was one often cited in corporate America: Being in the office is essential for spontaneous collaboration and innovation.

雅虎2013年禁止在家工作，是基於一個在美國企業界經常被援引的理由：待在辦公室對自發性合作和創新至關重要。

“It is critical that we are all present in our offices,” wrote Jacqueline Reses, then a Yahoo executive, in a staff memo. “Some of the best decisions and insights come from hallway and cafeteria discussions, meeting new people and impromptu team meetings.”

時任雅虎主管的賈桂琳．雷瑟斯在一份員工備忘錄中寫道：「我們所有人都待在辦公室裡，這很重要。一些最佳決策和見解往往來自走廊和餐廳內的討論、與新人的會面及即興召開的團隊會議。」

Today, Reses, now CEO of Post House Capital, an investment firm, has a different view. “Would I write that memo differently now?” she said. “Oh yeah.” She still believes that collaboration can benefit from being together in person, but over the last year, people found new, better ways to work.

如今擔任Post House Capital投資公司執行長的雷瑟斯卻有不同看法。她說，「我現在會用不同方式寫備忘錄嗎？是的」。她仍相信面對面交流有助合作，但在過去一年，人們找到更好的工作新方式。

As the pandemic winds down in the United States, however, many bosses are sounding a note similar to Reses’ in 2013.

然而，隨著美國疫情逐漸平息，許多老闆現在說的話都跟2013年的雷瑟斯類似。

“Innovation isn’t always a planned activity,” said Tim Cook, CEO of Apple, about post-pandemic work. “It’s bumping into each other over the course of the day and advancing an idea you just had.”

蘋果執行長庫克談到疫情後的工作時說：「創新通常不是規劃好的活動。創新是你一整天遇上彼此，然後推進一個你剛想到的點子。」

Jamie Dimon, CEO of JPMorgan Chase, said working from home “doesn’t work for spontaneous idea generation, it doesn’t work for culture.”

摩根大通執行長戴蒙表示，在家工作「不利自發產生創意，也不利企業文化」。

Yet people who study the issue say there is no evidence that working in person is essential for creativity and collaboration. It may even hurt innovation, they say, because the demand for doing office work at a prescribed time and place is a big reason the American workplace has been inhospitable for many people.

然而，研究這個問題的人表示，沒有證據顯示面對面工作對創造力與合作至關重要。他們說，這甚至可能會損害創新，因為要求在規定的時間地點辦公，是許多人無法待在職場的重要原因。

“That’s led to a lot of the outcomes we see in the modern office environment — long hours, burnout, the lack of representation — because that office culture is set up for the advantage of the few, not the many,” said Dan Spaulding, chief people officer at Zillow, the real estate marketplace.

房地產公司Zillow人資長史伯丁說：「這導致了我們在現代辦公環境中看到的許多結果，工時長、極度勞累、缺乏代表性，因為這種辦公室文化是為了少數人利益建立，而非多數人。」

“The idea you can only be collaborative face-to-face is a bias,” he said. “And I’d ask, how much creativity and innovation have been driven out of the office because you weren’t in the insider group, you weren’t listened to, you didn’t go to the same places as the people in positions of power were gathering?”

他說：「認為只能面對面才能合作是一種偏見。我想問的是，有多少創造力和創新被趕出辦公室，因為你不屬於內部團隊，你未被傾聽，你沒去那些掌權者聚會的地方。」

He and others suggested reimagining the office entirely — as somewhere people go to every so often, to meet or socialize, while daily work is done remotely. At Zillow, nearly all employees will be remote or come in only once in a while. Several times a year, teams will go to small offices set up for gathering.

他跟其他人建議，將辦公室完全重塑為人們不時見面或社交的地方，而日常工作則靠遠距完成。在Zillow，幾乎所有員工都遠距辦公，或只是偶爾進公司。團隊每年會有幾次到專門設立的小辦公室聚會。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/5623453

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.K182: About Japan - Hokkaido city to promote camping resort as "workation" base

The city of Tomakomai in Hokkaido, Japan’s northernmost main island, plans to promote a local camping resort for teleworkers interested in "workations" that combine work and vacations.

日本最北邊的主要島嶼北海道的苫小牧市，打算向有意「工作度假」結合工作與度假的遠距工作者，推銷當地的露營休閒場。

The municipal office is eyeing a budget of 40 million yen to provide high-speed internet access in the cottages and meeting rooms at Auto Resort Tomakomai Arten, a popular resort owned by the city close to New Chitose airport.

市府正打算用4000萬日圓預算，在當地熱門的公營Arten汽車渡假區的小木屋、會議室提供高速網路。

Workations are drawing attention with the growth of remote working amid the coronavirus pandemic.

由於在新型冠狀病毒疫情中，遠距工作增加，工作度假也正受到注意。

Tomakomai is facing a population decline and hopes its efforts will attract teleworkers to counter the trend, a city official said.

市府官員說，苫小牧正面臨人口減少，希望這麼做會吸引遠距工作者，扭轉這種趨勢。

Next Article

Nearly half of stations now unmanned; bane for the disabled近半數車站現為無人車站讓身障者很傷腦筋

Nearly half of all railway stations in Japan are unmanned, an increase of 10 percent over the past two decades or so, leading to a litany of complaints from people with disabilities and others who require assistance, transport ministry data shows.

國土交通省數據顯示，日本近半數車站是無人站，過去約20年來成長10%，導致身障人士與其他需要協助者抱怨連連。

Safety issues also come into play, for example, when a passenger falls from a platform and there are no station staff to come to the rescue.

這也事涉安全，例如，當乘客（在無人站）跌落月台時，沒有站務員能前來營救。

In 2002, the country had 9,514 stations and 43.3 percent, or 4,120 of them, were unstaffed. As of March 2020, the overall number of stations remained almost unchanged, at 9,465, but the figure for unmanned stations jumped to 4,564, or 48.2 percent of the total.

2002年，日本的9514座車站中，43.3%即4120座是無人站；截至2020年3月，車站總數為9465座，幾乎不變，但無人站數量增為4564座，佔整體48.2%。Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1463389; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1462354

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.K181: About food - UK weighs ban on boiling live lobsters

The United Kingdom is weighing a ban on boiling live lobsters, crabs and other crustaceans amid a push from animal welfare activists to include the invertebrates in legislation that would recognize them as sentient beings.

英國正在考慮禁止煮食活龍蝦、螃蟹和其他甲殼綱動物，動物保護人士正在推動立法認定這些無脊椎動物是有知覺的生物。

At present the Animal Welfare (Sentience) Bill, which is making its way through the House of Lords, covers only vertebrates — animals that have a backbone.

目前，正在上議院審議的《動物福利（感知）法案》只涉及有脊骨的脊椎動物。

Though the legislation currently only includes vertebrates, lawmakers are weighing expanding it to include invertebrates such as lobsters, as well as octopuses and mussels, according to The Times .

據《泰晤士報》報導，儘管該立法目前只涵蓋脊椎動物，但立法者正在考慮將對象擴大到龍蝦、章魚、貽貝等無脊椎動物。

The legislation comes as the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs said it has commissioned a study to examine the creature’s sentience.

在法案出爐之際，英國環境食品與鄉村事務部表示已委託進行一項研究，檢驗這些動物的感知能力。

Next Article

Yum! Woman eats 50 chili dogs in 22 minutes at Michigan bar 好吃！女子在密西根酒吧22分鐘嗑50條辣味熱狗

A competitive eater wolfed down 50 chili dogs in 22 minutes, setting a local record at a bar in western Michigan where thousands of customers have their names on the wall for eating just a fraction.

在密西根州西部的一間酒吧，一名大胃王22分鐘狼吞虎嚥地吃了50根辣味熱狗，締造了當地紀錄，成千上萬名顧客只吃一小部分就把名字寫在牆上。

Molly Schuyler showed up and just started eating Wednesday at The Corner Bar in Rockford while other customers watched with their own meals.

茉莉．斯凱勒週三現身羅克福德「轉角酒吧」就開始吃了起來，當時其他顧客一邊用餐一邊觀賞。

After 19 minutes, she had eaten 44 hot dogs.

19分鐘後，她吃了44根熱狗。

“Brought her out six more dogs. In 22 minutes, she ate 50,” server Lisa Paavo said.

服務生麗莎．帕沃說，「再拿出6根給她。22分鐘，她吃了50根。」

Another competitive eater, Tim “Eater X” Janus, ate 43 1/2 chili dogs at the bar in 2006. Anyone who eats 12 in four hours gets their name on the wall.

另一名大胃王提姆．「食客X」．雅努斯，2006年在這間酒吧吃了43根半的辣味熱狗。任何一個4小時吃12根的人可把名字留在牆上。

“It’s going on 6,000 names,” manager John Vanaman said.

經理約翰．瓦納曼說，「快要集滿6000個名字了。」Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1461589; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1461213

Topic: Covid ’vaccination persuasion’ teams reap rewards in Turkey

A coronavirus "vaccination persuasion" initiative is gearing up to be rolled out across Turkey after proving a resounding success in a district in the country’s south-east.

一項新冠病毒「接種疫苗勸說」倡議在土耳其東南部一個地區證明成效卓著後，正加緊在全國各地推出。

Since February, doctors and healthcare workers in the mainly Kurdish city of Adıyaman have been calling people in age groups already eligible for the vaccine to ask why they have not come to clinics for appointments.

醫師和醫護人員2月起在以庫德族為主的阿德亞曼市，打電話給符合接種年齡資格的族群，詢問他們為什麼沒有到診所預約接種。

Then, equipped with cooler boxes full of vaccine vials, they fan out across the rural area to visit patients who are still reluctant.

然後，他們帶著裝滿疫苗針劑的保冷箱，在這個鄉村地區四處拜訪仍不願去接種疫苗的患者。

It is working, boosting the vaccine take-up rate among the 250,000 strong population scattered across the province’s central district by nearly 30%.

此舉確實發揮作用，將散佈該省中心地區約25萬人口的疫苗接種率，提高了將近30%。Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1452359;

Next Article

Topic: Prehistoric settlement in Turkey bears telltale signs of modern woes

Overcrowding. Violence. Infectious diseases. Environmental degradation. It may sound like the worst of modern mega-cities.

過度擁擠、暴力、傳染性疾病、環境惡化，這聽起來就像是最惡劣的現代巨型都市。

But people encountered these very same problems when the first large settlements were being established millennia ago as humans began to swap a nomadic hunter-gatherer existence for a lifestyle centered on farming, scientists said on June 17, based on findings from a prehistoric site in south-central Turkey.

不過，科學家在六月十七日指出，根據土耳其中南部一處史前遺址發現的證據顯示，人們早在幾千年前建立最初的大型聚落時，就遭遇過這些類似的問題，人類當時正開始從遊牧式狩獵採集的生活型態轉換成農牧為主的生活方式。

The researchers examined 742 human skeletons unearthed at the prehistoric ruins of Catalhoyuk, inhabited from 9,100 to 7,950 years ago during a pivotal time in human evolution, for clues about what life was like at one of the earliest sizable settlements in the archeological record. At its peak, 3,500 to 8,000 people lived there, with the researchers calling it a “proto-city.”

研究人員檢驗「加泰土丘」史前遺跡出土的七百四十二具人類骨骸，希望能找到線索，拼湊出人類當初在這處大型聚落中生活的樣貌。加泰土丘是考古紀錄中年代最早的一處大型聚落遺址，人類在九千一百年前到七千九百五十年前居住於此，當時正好是人類演化的關鍵時刻。在巔峰時期，當地約有三千五百到八千位居民，研究人員遂稱此地為一個「原始城市」。

The residents experienced a high rate of infections, as seen in their teeth and bones, probably caused by diseases spreading in crowded conditions amid challenges to proper hygiene, the researchers said. Overcrowding may have contributed to interpersonal violence. Many skulls bore evidence of healed fractures to the top or back of the cranium, some with multiple injuries.

研究人員表示，居民的牙齒跟骸骨顯示他們遭到感染的比例相當高，可能是因為擁擠的生活條件，難以維持良好衛生，使得疾病於其中散播。過度擁擠也可能導致人與人之間發生暴力行為。證據在於，許多頭骨在頭蓋骨上方或後腦處可見癒合後的骨裂痕跡，有些頭骨還有多處損傷。

The shape of these injuries indicates they may have been caused by hard clay balls found at Catalhoyuk that researchers suspect were used as projectiles from a sling weapon. “A key message that people will take from these findings is that our current behaviors have deep roots in the history of humankind,” said Ohio State University biological anthropologist Clark Spencer Larsen, who led the study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

從形狀研判，這些損傷可能是遭到堅硬的黏土球體撞擊而導致。研究人員懷疑，在加泰土丘發現的黏土球當時可能被用來當作投石器或彈弓的子彈。「人們從這些發現中獲得的關鍵訊息就是，我們目前的行為模式在人類歷史中有著很深的根源，」俄亥俄州立大學的生物人類學家克拉克‧史賓瑟‧拉爾森這麼說，他是這篇發表於《美國國家科學院院刊》研究的主持人。

“The people living in this community faced challenges of life in settlements addressing fundamental issues: what to eat, who produces the food, how is the food distributed, what are the social norms for division of labor, the challenges of infection and infectious disease in settings where there is limited sanitation, the strategy of interpersonal relationships involving animosity in some instances,” Larsen added.

拉爾森補充指出：「住在這個社群中的人們，當時在聚落生活中面臨解決基礎問題的挑戰：要吃什麼、誰負責做東西吃、食物如何分配、分工的社會規範是什麼、感染和傳染性疾病在環境衛生受限的情況下帶來的挑戰，以及在某些場合中當人際關係牽涉到敵意時該採取的策略。」

As the world emerged from the last Ice Age, with warmer conditions conducive to crop domestication, there was a shift from foraging to farming beginning 10,000 to 12,000 years ago among people in numerous places. The people grew crops including wheat, barley and rye and raised sheep, goats and eventually cattle. Some homes boasted wall murals, and other art included stone figurines of animals and corpulent women.

在一萬到一萬兩千年前，隨著世界從上一次冰河時期中浮現，加上較溫暖的氣候條件有助於人工培植農作物，世界各地的人們開始從搜尋食物轉為從事農業。加泰土丘當地人類種植的作物包括小麥、大麥、裸麥，也會飼養綿羊、山羊，最後甚至還有牛。有些家屋裡繪有壁畫，其他藝術品則包含主題為動物或是豐滿女性的石雕像。

Catalhoyuk’s residents lived in clay brick structures akin to apartments, entering and exiting through ladders that connected the living areas of houses to the roofs. After death, residents were buried in pits dug into the floors of the homes.

加泰土丘的居民住在由黏土磚砌成的建築結構，類似公寓的模樣，只不過進出是靠連接屋內起居空間和屋頂的階梯。居民過世後，其他人會在家屋的地板底下挖洞，將他們埋葬於其中。

Catalhoyuk, measuring about 13 hectares, was continuously occupied for 1,150 years and appears to have been a largely egalitarian community. It was eventually abandoned, perhaps because of environmental degradation caused by the human population and a drying climate that made farming there harder, the researchers said.

加泰土丘面積約十三公頃，持續有人居住長達一千一百五十年之久，看起來像是一個大致上平等的社群。研究人員表示，當地最後被放棄的原因可能是因為人口數量導致環境惡化，而逐漸乾燥的氣候也讓農業變得較難進行。

Source article: http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2019/07/07/2003718231/2

Next Article

Topic: Spurning Erdogan’s Vision, Turks Leave in Droves, Draining Money and Talent

17年來，土耳其總統厄多安靠著給選民一個願景而連連勝選，那就是恢復土耳其鄂圖曼帝國時期的光榮。他藉由加強貿易和軍事部署擴大土耳其的影響力，並用多年不間斷的經濟成長提高生活水準。

For 17 years, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan won elections by offering voters a vision of restoring the glories of Turkey’s Ottoman past. He extended his country’s influence with increased trade and military deployments, and he raised living standards with years of unbroken economic growth.

但在2016年發生一場未遂政變後，厄多安展開了全面鎮壓。去年土耳其經濟情勢不穩，而且在厄多安贏得連任並獲取更大權力後不久後，土耳其里拉就驟貶。隨著土耳其政府任人唯親和威權的情況更加嚴重，土耳其人開始用不同的方式投票——這次是用腳。

But after a failed 2016 coup, Erdogan embarked on a sweeping crackdown. Last year, the economy wobbled and the lira plunged soon after he won re-election with even greater powers. As cronyism and authoritarianism seep deeper into his administration, Turks are voting differently — this time with their feet.

根據土耳其官方的統計和分析家的說法，他們成群離開土耳其，而且把才能和資金一併帶走，他們離開的方式意味人們對厄多安的願景失去信心，失去信心的現象不但普遍，而且令人擔憂。

They are leaving the country in droves and taking talent and capital with them in a way that indicates a broad and alarming loss of confidence in Erdogan’s vision, according to government statistics and analysts.

過去這兩三年，從土耳其出走的不只是學生和學者，還有企業家、商人和數以千計的有錢人，他們把值錢的東西變賣一空，並把家人和資產送到國外。

In the past two to three years, not only have students and academics fled the country, but also entrepreneurs, businesspeople, and thousands of wealthy individuals who are selling everything and moving their families and money abroad.

土耳其統計局的資料顯示，2017年移民到國外的土耳其人超過25萬人，比2016年的將近17萬8000人成長了42%。

More than a quarter of a million Turks emigrated in 2017, according to the Turkish Institute of Statistics, an increase of 42 percent over 2016, when nearly 178,000 citizens left the country.

倫敦攝政大學跨國研究中心主任史克西等分析家指出，土耳其發生過幾波師生外移潮，不過這波出走潮看來像是更具永久性的社會重新排序，恐怕會使土耳其倒退數十年。

Turkey has seen waves of students and teachers leave before, but this exodus looks like a more permanent reordering of the society and threatens to set Turkey back decades, said Ibrahim Sirkeci, director of transnational studies at Regent’s University in London, and other analysts.

史克西說：「人才外流是千真萬確的。」

“The brain drain is real,” Sirkeci said.

推動人群、才能和資金外逃的是一組強而有力的因素，這些因素決定了厄多安統治下的生活，而且反對厄多安的人對消弭這些因素日益絕望。

The flight of people, talent and capital is being driven by a powerful combination of factors that have come to define life under Erdogan and that his opponents increasingly despair is here to stay.

這些因素包括：對政治迫害的恐懼、恐怖活動、對司法體系和法治的任意性日漸加深的不信任，以及逐漸惡化的經商環境，人們擔憂厄多安破壞性地操縱經濟，好讓他自己和核心圈子得利，這樣的憂慮讓經商環境加速轉壞。

They include fear of political persecution, terrorism, a deepening distrust of the judiciary and the arbitrariness of the rule of law, and a deteriorating business climate, accelerated by worries that Erdogan is unsoundly manipulating the economy to benefit himself and his inner circle.

結果就是，自從土耳其共和國近100年前成立以來，存在已久的富裕階層（特別是主宰土耳其文化與商業生活數十年的世俗菁英）之中，頭一次有許多人遷離土耳其，而由與厄多安及其執政黨親近的新富階層取而代之。

The result is that, for the first time since the republic was founded nearly a century ago, many from the old moneyed class, in particular the secular elite who have dominated Turkey’s cultural and business life for decades, are moving away and the new rich close to Erdogan and his governing party are taking their place.

Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/336081/web/#top

Dear 通勤家族，謝謝你今天的參與！我們下禮拜8/15，晚上9pm在Clubhouse上見～CH連結：加入15mins通勤學英語直播室

英文冷笑話(雙關語版)

1. The Driving Dino

Q: What do you call a dinosaur that crashes his car? 一隻恐龍撞車要叫什麼?

A: Tyrannosaurus Wrecks (T-Rex暴龍)

2. How to Stop a Bull

Q: How do you stop a bull from charging? 要如何才能讓公牛不要爆衝？

A: Cancel its credit card (Charging your credit card取消信用卡)

3. The Bashful Tomato

Q: Why did the tomato blush? 番茄為何臉紅了？

A: Because it saw the salad dressing (salad dressing 因為看到沙拉醬)

4. The Imprisoned Picture

Q: Why was the picture sent to jail? 為何畫被逮補了?

A: It was framed (framed 他被匡起來了)

5. It Has Wheels and Flies

Q: What has four wheels and flies? 有四個輪子又會飛的叫什麼?

A: A garbage truck (垃圾車)

更多通勤學英語Podcast單元:

每日英語跟讀Podcast，就在http://www.15mins.today/daily-shadowing

精選詞彙 VOCAB Podcast，就在https://www.15mins.today/vocab

語音直播 15mins Live Podcast, 就在https://www.15mins.today/15mins-live-podcast

文法練習 In-TENSE Podcast，就在https://www.15mins.today/in-tense

歡迎到官網用email訂閱我們節目更新通知。

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K180: Shohei Ohtani makes history in MLB All-Star Game

Japanese player Shohei Ohtani achieved another milestone in the Major League Baseball’s (MLB) near-century history, being selected as both a hitter and a pitcher for the All-Star Game. The Los Angeles Angels’ “two-way” sensation was among the starting pitchers for the Denver showcase today Taiwan time.

日本選手大谷翔平近日又創下另一項里程碑，成為美國職棒大聯盟（MLB）近百年歷史上，唯一一位同時入選明星賽投手及打者的球員！這位洛杉磯天使隊能投又能打的「二刀流」球星，和其他幾位先發投手一起入選了在丹佛舉行的明星賽，比賽預計在台灣時間今日登場。

Ohtani is currently leading the MLB in home runs, and had already been voted by fans to start as a designated hitter for the game. Early this month, he made history by hitting his 30th homer of the season to break the record by legendary Babe Ruth, who hit 29 homers as a two-way player during the 1919 season.

同時大谷在MLB本季全壘打數保持領先，稍早也已被球迷票選為這次明星賽指定打者。本月初他更刷新歷史，擊出本季個人第三十支全壘打，打破傳奇球星貝比魯斯的紀錄。魯斯曾於一九一九年以「二刀流」的身份，轟出二十九支全壘打。

On July 5, Ohtani hit his 31st homer of the season on his 27th birthday to tie Hideki Matsui’s record for most homers in an MLB season by a Japanese-born player. “It makes me happy that I’ve matched a player I’ve looked up to since I was little,” Ohtani said. The once-in-a-century player later broke the record with 33 homers, and is ready to dash more records in baseball.

而在七月五日、他二十七歲生日當天，大谷擊出本季個人第三十一轟，追平了由前輩松井秀喜所創下，日籍球員在MLB擊出單季最多支全壘打的紀錄。大谷說︰「能追上我從小到大景仰的選手，這讓我很開心。」這位百年一見的奇才隨後以三十三轟超越前輩的成就，本季勢必將打爆更多棒球紀錄。

Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2021/07/14/2003760791

Next Article:

Choo Shin-soo becomes latest Korean big leaguer to come home 秋信守成為最新一位回國發展的韓籍大聯盟球員

Choo Shin-soo, a former All-Star outfielder for the Texas Rangers, signed a 2.7 billion contract to play for the SK Wyverns, which will soon be taken over by the retailer Shinsegae Group.

前德州遊騎兵隊全明星外野手秋信守，簽下一紙為SK飛龍隊出戰的27億韓元合約。該隊很快就要被（南韓）零售商「新世界集團」接手。

Following a 16-year big league career, Choo immediately becomes the highest-paid player in Korea Baseball Organization history. The 38-year-old also joins a long list of former Korean major leaguers who began their professional careers outside the country but chose to end them on home soil.

在16年（美國職棒）大聯盟生涯後，秋信守立即成為（南韓職棒）「韓國棒球委員會」史上最高薪球員。這名38歲的老將，亦加入在海外展開其職業生涯，但選擇在家鄉土地上將其畫下句點的一長串前韓籍大聯盟球員名單行列。

But few of those players could match Choo’s Major League Baseball credentials. With 218 home runs, 782 RBIs, 157 steals and a .275/.377/.447 slash line over 1,652 games, Choo isn’t just the greatest Korean position player in MLB. He is also one of the very best to come from Asia.

但該名單中的那些球員，幾乎都比不上秋信守的大聯盟資歷。出賽1652場累計218發全壘打、782分打點、157次盜壘和打擊率2成75、上壘率3成77、長打率4成47的「打擊三圍」。秋信守不僅是大聯盟最偉大的韓籍「非投手球員」，他也是大聯盟最佳的亞洲球員之一。Source article: https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/1433988

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K179: To Cut Emissions to Zero, U.S. Needs to Make Big Changes in Next 10 Years

If the United States wants to get serious about tackling climate change, the country will need to build a staggering amount of new energy infrastructure in just the next 10 years, laying down steel and concrete at a pace barely being contemplated today.

美國若真想對付氣候變遷問題，單單接下來10年裡，就得構建極大量的新能源基礎設施，以現今幾乎難以想像的速度搭鋼筋、敷水泥。

That's one conclusion from a major study released last month by a team of energy experts at Princeton University, who set out several exhaustively detailed scenarios for how the country could slash its greenhouse gas emissions down to zero by 2050. That goal has been endorsed by President-elect Joe Biden, as well as numerous states and businesses, to help avoid the worst effects of global warming.

普林斯頓大學一群能源專家上月發表了大型研究報告，以上所述是報告的結論之一。他們針對美國如何在2050年之前將溫室氣體淨排放量減至零，提出了幾個極其詳細的可能情境。總統當選人拜登以及許多州和企業皆支持這項目標，欲以避免全球暖化的最糟結果。

The study's findings are at once optimistic and sobering. Reaching “net zero” by 2050 appears technically feasible and even affordable. Each approach carries different social and economic trade-offs.

這項研究的發現既樂觀又發人深省。在2050年之前達到「淨零排放」技術上看似可行，甚至負擔得起。每一種方法皆須付出不同的社會和經濟代價。

The researchers identified a common set of drastic changes that the United States would need to make over the next decade to stay on pace for zero emissions. That initial groundwork has to start pretty much immediately.

研究者標示出一系列具共通性的劇烈變革，美國必須在接下來的10年內做到，始足以達成零碳排的目標。初期基礎工作必須盡快展開。

Some examples:

以下是一些例子：

—This year, energy companies will install 42 gigawatts of new wind turbines and solar panels, smashing records. But that annual pace would need to nearly double over the next decade, and then keep soaring, transforming the landscapes in states like Florida or Missouri.

—今年（2020年），能源公司會裝設42百萬瓩的新風力渦輪機和太陽能板，打破紀錄。但是這個年度裝設步調在接下來的10年裡幾乎得翻倍，且須持續增加，改變像佛州、密蘇里州這些州的地景。

—The capacity of the nation's electric grid would have to expand roughly 60% by 2030 to handle vast amounts of wind and solar power, which would mean thousands of miles of new power lines crisscrossing the country.

—全國的電網容量在2030年之前必須擴充約60%，以處理數量極其龐大的風電及太陽能電力，這意味將有數千哩的新輸電線縱橫交錯於全境。

—Car dealerships would look radically different. Today, electric-vehicle models are just 2% of new sales. By 2030, at least 50% of new cars sold would need to be battery-powered, with that share rising thereafter.

—汽車銷售將大不同。現今，電動車款僅占新車銷售的2%。到2030年，賣出的新車至少50%需以電池供應動力，比率且須持續上升。

—Most homes today are heated by natural gas or oil. But in the next 10 years, nearly one-quarter would need to be warmed with efficient electric heat pumps, double today's numbers.

—現今多數家庭以天然氣或燃油供暖。而在接下來的10年，近四分之一將需以節能的電熱泵取暖，為今日數字的兩倍。

—Virtually all of the 200 remaining coal-burning power plants would have to shut down by 2030.

—到2030年時，現存的200座燃煤發電廠幾乎全須停止運轉。

“The scale of what we have to build in a very short time frame surprised me,” said Christopher Greig, a senior scientist at Princeton's Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment. “We can do this, we can afford this, but now it's time to roll up our sleeves and figure out how to get it done.”

「我們必須在非常短的時程內建造的規模令我驚訝。」普林斯頓大學安德林格能源與環境中心資深科學家克里斯多佛‧葛雷格說。「我們能做到，我們負擔得起，而現在是捲起袖子，搞懂如何做到的時候了。」Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/5162022

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K178: In a Crisis, India’s Modi Could Always Change the Narrative. Then Came COVID.

As India gasped for air at the peak of its COVID devastation, its leader appeared to advise his people to just breathe normally.

當印度在新冠高峰期喘不過氣時，該國領導人似乎在建議他的人民要正常呼吸。

The instructions, a bit of yoga advice for the stressed, came from one of the many social media accounts of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who has used powerful oratory and digital savvy to become India’s most dominant leader in decades. But the tweet showed how India’s master of public perception has increasingly struggled to get his message across, exposing the limits of his ability to control the narrative.

這些指導是給承受壓力的人一點小小的瑜伽祕訣，來自印度總理莫迪眾多社交媒體帳號之一。莫迪用強大的雄辯術與數位知識，成為數十年來最具統治力的領導人，但這則推文顯示這位掌握公眾觀感的大師，愈來愈難將自身訊息傳達出去，暴露出他控制敘事能力侷限性。

The omnipresent Modi had largely vanished from public view as his government proved powerless to stop the deaths and the mounting criticism about his performance. With his poll numbers dropping and his allies straining to make his case on India’s talk shows, he has increasingly pushed “be positive” messaging and feel-good tips.

當他的政府無力阻止死亡和對他表現愈來愈多的批評，原本無處不在的莫迪基本上從公眾視野中消失了。隨著他的民調支持率下降，以及他的盟友在印度脫口秀節目中竭力幫他說話，莫迪開始不斷推出「正面思考」訊息以及保持開心的秘訣。

The campaign has struggled to connect. “Sit in a comfortable meditative posture,” read a tweet from one of Modi’s many accounts, which project his diverse set of personas — this one the wise yoga guru. “Keep the spine erect. Place the hands on the thighs. Gently close the eyes and raise the face slightly. Breathe normally.”

這一套似乎難以獲得認同。莫迪諸多推特帳號中一則推文寫道：「以一種舒適的冥想姿勢坐下。讓脊椎挺直。將雙手放在大腿上。輕輕閉上眼睛，微微抬起臉。正常呼吸」。莫迪的眾多帳號展現他的多種角色，這次的角色是睿智的瑜伽大師。

Responded one commenter: “This is like rubbing salt on wounds.”

有個評論者回應說：「這就像在傷口上灑鹽。」

In turn, Modi has tried to quash dissent. His government has been locked in a messy showdown with social media platforms over taking down critical content. Police in Delhi, the capital, arrested at least 20 people for putting up posters critical of Modi’s handling of vaccinations. A Modi protégé, who leads India’s most populous state, Uttar Pradesh, threatened those who complained about oxygen shortages.

但莫迪反過來試圖壓制不同意見。他的政府為了刪除這些批評內容，與社群媒體平台陷入混亂的攤牌。警方在首都德里逮捕至少20人，因為他們張貼海報批評莫迪處理疫苗接種的方式。莫迪一個親信是印度人口最多的北方省領導人，威脅那些抱怨氧氣短缺的人。

One survey found disapproval with Modi had risen by about 10 percentage points since the second wave intensified. In another survey, one in six people said they had lost a loved one and blamed the central government first, and then “destiny,” for their loss.

一項調查發現，第二波疫情加劇以來，不支持莫迪的比率上升約10個百分點。在另一項調查中，六分之一的人表示自己失去了親人，並把損失率先歸咎於中央政府，之後才是「命運」。

“So much death, so much despair — children lost their parents overnight, elderly parents lost their young children, people lost their spouses,” said Shruti Chaturvedi, an entrepreneur doing relief work in the state of Goa. “How can we dare tell them ‘be positive’?”

在果阿省從事救濟工作的企業家希魯蒂．查圖維迪說：「太多死亡，太多絕望，孩子們一夜失去父母，年邁的父母失去年幼的孩子，人們失去了配偶。我們怎能告訴他們『正面思考』？」

Modi’s approval rating is still above 60%, according to one poll. But the growing dissatisfaction suggests the prime minister may not so easily be able to change public sentiment by pushing emotional nationalist causes or shifting his image as he has done in the past. Rather, like any other politician, he may increasingly be judged by his ability to deliver.

根據民調，莫迪支持率仍高於60%。但日益高漲的不滿顯示，莫迪或許不能再像過去那樣，輕易透過推動情緒化民族主義目標或轉變自身形象，來改變公眾情緒。相反，跟其他政治人物一樣，人們可能逐漸會以執政能力評判他。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/5574905