通勤學英語 15Mins Today

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K092: Taiwanese ‘Lego master’ creates landscape painting of Taichung landmark

Taiwan’s officially-endorsed “Lego master” Huang Yen-chih has used more than 200,000 Lego bricks and spent three months to piece together an eye-catching landscape of Taichung’s famous Gaomei Wetlands. He also used 2,000 Lego Minifigures to create a replica of Taichung Intercontinental Baseball Stadium, conjuring up a brand-new toy experience.

超吸睛！樂高認證大師黃彥智應邀利用逾二十萬片樂高，費時三個月拼出台中知名觀光景點「樂高牌高美溼地」，更運用兩千樂高小人打造台中洲際棒球場，玩出「玩具新視界」。

To celebrate the opening of Taichung’s first authorized Lego store — the nation’s second — Lego Taiwan invited Huang to create a “Lego wall” of the city’s landscapes within the new Lego store, which is located in Taichung’s Top City department store. After a great deal of discussion, the city’s Gaomei Wetlands, which has been praised as one of the “Six Heavenly Realms of the World,” was chosen from among dozens of Taichung landmarks to be the store’s centerpiece Lego design.

配合樂高全國「唯二」授權專賣店進駐台中，設在台中大遠百的中部首間樂高授權專賣店，也打造「台中限定」店裝特色，邀黃彥智以台中景觀設計樂高牆，幾經討論從數十個台中地景精挑細選後，選定享有「世界六大天空之境」讚譽的高美溼地作為台中店的店景主設計。

Huang spent three months and used more than 200,000 bricks to create a landscape depicting the Gaomei Wetlands during sunset and employed a multi-colored layering technique to create the effect of a watercolor painting’s rendering of a golden sun melting into the night sky. Huang was even able to simulate the gradations of sunlight reflected on the water’s surface, as well as scenes of parents and children playing together, demonstrating that the humble Lego brick can be elevated to an art form.

黃彥智費時三個月時間設計，利用超過二十萬片樂高積木，設計出「夕陽下的高美溼地」。利用不同色彩堆疊，完成如水彩渲染的黃金夕陽，加上倒映在溼地上的漸層光感，畫中並有親子遊玩場景，呈現樂高拼裝藝術。

Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2021/03/28/2003754606

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.K091: About the Internet - First-ever tweet sold for around NT$82.3 million

由推特（Twitter）創辦人杜錫（Jack Dorsey）發出的史上第一條推文，今天被當作「不可替代代幣」（NFT）拍賣出去，得標價飆破290萬美元（約新台幣8230萬元）。

The first-ever tweet by Twitter founder Jack Dorsey was auctioned off on Tuesday as an “non-fungible token” (NFT), with the bid surpassing US$2.9 million (around NT$82.3 million).

拍賣平台Valuables by Cent的一則推文說：「杜錫同意了@sinaEstavi這個帳號所喊出的291萬5835.47美元。」

A tweet from the auction platform “Valuables by Cent” read that “Jack accepted the offer from sinaEstavi for $2915835.47.”

Valuables by Cent表示：「現在這則推文已在區塊鏈（blockchain）上打造好了。」The auction account added that the tweet is now “minted on blockchain.”

得標者的帳號資料顯示，擁有@sinaEstavi帳號的是區塊鏈技術相關的新創公司Bridge Oracle執行長艾斯塔維（Sina Estavi）。

The winner’s account details show that Sina Estavi, CEO of Bridge Oracle, a blockchain technology start-up, owns the @sinaEstavi account.

杜錫表示，他將把這次拍賣所得捐給慈善機構。

Dorsey explained that all proceeds from the auction will be donated to charities.

2006年3月21日，杜錫在鍵盤打下：「剛剛設定好我的推特」（just setting up my twttr）這樣平凡無奇的話，發出後成了史上第一條推文，同時正式啟用推特這個全球通用的平台，後來在公民社會中，成為一股具爭議又占主導地位的力量。

The sold-tweet was first tweeted on March 21, 2006, with Dorsey writing, “just setting up my twttr.”Such a mundane statement became the first tweet ever sent and officially launched Twitter, a global platform that has since become a controversial and dominant force in civil society.

艾斯塔維在推文中說：「我覺得再過幾年，人們會意識到那則推文的真正價值，正如同名畫『蒙娜麗莎』（Mona Lisa）一樣。」

“I think years later people will realize the true value of this tweet, like the Mona Lisa painting,” Estavi tweeted regarding his new purchase.

這次杜錫推文的拍賣，凸顯了人們對「不可替代代幣」（non-fungible token, NFT）的興趣激增。

The auction of Dorsey’s tweet also highlights the surge of interest in non-fungible tokens (NFT).

不可替代代幣是在加密貨幣（cryptocurrencies）之後，運用同樣的區塊鏈技術，把物件轉變為虛擬蒐藏家的東西，且無法複製。

Non-fungible tokens uses the same blockchain technology, after cryptocurrencies, to transform objects into virtual collectors’ items that cannot be replicated.

杜錫今天推文感謝@sinaEstavi，並表示，這次拍賣的所得，已經捐給在東非幫助窮人的非營利組織GiveDirectly。

Dorsey tweeted his thanks to Estavi on Tuesday and added that the proceeds from the auction were donated to GiveDirectly, a nonprofit organization that helps the poor in East Africa.

Next Article

CNN也報台灣鮭魚之亂！美網友讚：願意改名甜甜圈 Taiwan’s ‘salmon name-change’ inspires U.S. social media users

知名連鎖壽司店「壽司郎」於17、18日推出優惠活動，只要名字有「鮭魚」兩字的人，可以免費享用整桌的餐點，意外掀起全台鮭魚改名之亂。

Sushi restaurant chain “Sushiro” launched a promotion on March 17 and March 18 by announcing it would give away free sushi to anyone who had “salmon” (鮭魚) in their names, leading to a name-changing frenzy in Taiwan.

而此台灣人瘋鮭魚現象也吸引到外國媒體注意，其中CNN也在19日報導，台灣人為了享有優惠，已有近140位在正式改名，於身分證上大現「鮭魚」兩字。

The phenomenon gradually attracted the attention of international media, with CNN reporting on Thursday that owing to the promotion, around 140 Taiwanese have officially changed their names to include the word “salmon.”

CNN 表示此風潮已引來內政部的不滿，提醒大眾台灣法律規定每人一生中有三次改名機會。

CNN added that the situation has led the Ministry of Interior to issue a statement cautioning Taiwanese that they only get three chances to change their names in a lifetime.

繼CNN和BBC等外媒陸續報導後，台人瘋鮭魚事件也引發外國網友的注意，其中有人表示沒想到台灣人也有失去理智的時候，但也有人寫道，身為一個月光族，如果改名可以讓他吃到免費壽司他也願意。

Following media outlets like CNN and BBC’s reports, Taiwaneses’ name-changing craze also reached the ears of U.S. social media users with some commenting they didn’t expect the day Taiwanese would lose their minds.However, others wrote that as a broke millennial, if changing their names would mean getting free sushi, then they were all for it.

更有外國網友開始呼籲美國其他連鎖店開始推類似的活動，並問道自己如果把名字改成「T-Bone」（丁骨牛排）或是「Donut」（甜甜圈），能不能在牛排館和Krispy Kreme獲得免費的餐點。

Some also called on American chain restaurants to try similar promotions, with one volunteering to change their name to “T-bone” while another wanted “Donut” so that they could get freebies from Krispy Kreme.

Source article: https://chinapost.nownews.com/20210323-2277586 ; https://chinapost.nownews.com/20210319-2222391

每日英語跟讀Podcast，就在http://www.15mins.today/daily-shadowing

Hi there!歡迎收聽Look Back Sunday回顧星期天，在這個節目John老師會彙整過去不同國家與主題的熱門跟讀文章，讓你可以在十五分鐘內吸收最精華的世界時事趣聞！我們這週聽聽汽車產業相關的文章，Let's get started!

Topic : California Is Trying to Jump-Start the Hydrogen Economy

Since President George W. Bush fueled a minivan with hydrogen 15 years ago, the promise of cars and trucks powered by the fuel has come up mostly empty.

15年前，時任美國總統的小布希為一輛廂型休旅車加上氫燃料，發展氫能小客車和貨車的美好期盼迄今卻大抵落空。

That hydrogen pump, in Washington, closed long ago. But in California, the beginnings of a hydrogen economy may finally be dawning after many fits and starts.

華府的那座加氫站早已停用，然而在加州，氫經濟在幾經周折之後，可能真的要起步了。

Dozens of hydrogen buses are lumbering down city streets, while more and larger fueling stations are appearing from San Diego to San Francisco, financed by the state and the federal government. With the costs of producing and shipping hydrogen coming down, California is setting ambitious goals to phase out vehicles that run on fossil fuels in favor of batteries and hydrogen.

在州政府和聯邦出資之下，從聖地牙哥到舊金山，數十輛氫動力公車緩緩行駛於城市街道，更多且更大的加氫站也一一出現。由於氫製造和運輸的成本下降，加州立定遠大目標，要逐步淘汰化石燃料車，轉向電動車和氫能車。

Some energy executives said they expect investment in hydrogen to accelerate under President-elect Joe Biden, who made climate change a big part of his campaign and proposed a $2 trillion plan to tackle the problem.

一些能源業高管預期，對氫能的投資會在總統當選人拜登上台後加速成長。拜登以遏制氣候變遷為重要政見，並提出一項2兆美元的因應計畫。

A recent McKinsey & Co. study estimated that the hydrogen economy could generate $140 billion in annual revenue by 2030 and support 700,000 jobs. The study projected that hydrogen could meet 14% of total American energy demand by 2050.

管理顧問公司麥肯錫最近在一份研究中估計，到2030年時，氫經濟每年能創造1400億美元營收，支撐70萬個工作機會。這份研究預測，到2050年，氫將能滿足全美14%的能源需求。

The use of hydrogen, the lightest and most abundant substance in the universe, is still in its infancy, and California is determined to be its cradle in the United States.The state now has roughly 40 fueling stations, with dozens more under construction. While those numbers are tiny compared with the 10,000 gasoline stations across the state, officials have high hopes.

氫是宇宙中最輕且最豐富的物質，人類利用氫能還在初始階段，而加州決心成為美國氫能利用的搖籃。加州目前約有40個加氫站，還有數十個在興建中。雖然加氫站數量與全加州一萬個加油站相比微不足道，但官員仍滿懷希望。

With about 7,500 hydrogen vehicles on the road, an aggressive state program of incentives and subsidies from cap-and-trade dollars envisions 50,000 hydrogen light-duty vehicles by mid-decade and a network of 1,000 hydrogen stations by 2030.

目前加州約有7500輛氫能車上路，州政府積極利用取自「總量管制與排放交易」的財源來進行補貼和獎勵，希望達到2025年左右有5萬輛輕型氫能車上路，2030年有1000個加氫站的目標。

Hydrogen-powered vehicles are similar to electric cars. But unlike electric cars, which have large batteries, these cars have hydrogen tanks and fuel cells that turn the gas into electricity. The cars refuel and accelerate quickly, and they can go for several hundred miles on a full tank. They emit only water vapor, which makes them appealing to California cities that are trying to reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.

氫能車類似電動車，不同的是，電動車的電池很大，氫能車則有氫氣儲存槽和把氫氣轉換成電力的燃料電池。氫能車補充燃料和加速都很快，氫氣槽加滿後能跑幾百哩。氫能車只會釋出蒸氣，對於努力減少汙染和溫室氣體排放量的加州很有吸引力。

“Almost any objective analysis for getting to zero emissions includes hydrogen,” said Jack Brouwer, director of the National Fuel Cell Research Center at the University of California, Irvine.

爾灣加州大學國家燃料電池研究中心主任傑克‧布勞爾說：「幾乎所有關於如何達到零排放的客觀分析都會提到氫。」

Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/5106534

Next Article

Topic : Wheels falling off China’s ‘deep fake’ car manufacturer

Chinese automobile manufacturer Zotye Auto is a household name in China. The company is famous for manufacturing copies of car models by luxury international brands including Audi, Porsche and Lamborghini. After a long delay, on June 22, Zotye Auto finally released its 2019 year end financial results. The report revealed that last year, the automaker suffered losses of 11.2 billion yuan (approximately NT$46.6 billion), or an average of 30 million yuan per day. The company’s market value also shrank from 30 billion yuan to a mere 3.6 billion yuan. Even worse, because the company is unable to guarantee the authenticity, accuracy and completeness of its financial report, Zotye Auto has been issued with a “risk of delisting warning” by Shenzhen Stock Exchange.

以模仿奧迪、保時捷、蘭寶堅尼等高級進口車，在中國家喻戶曉的車商眾泰汽車，六月二十二日終於發布二○一九年財報，顯示全年慘虧一百十二億元人民幣（以下同），約新台幣四百六十六億，相當於每天平均虧損三千萬，市值也由逾三百億縮水至僅剩三十六億元；更慘的是，該公司因為無法保證年報的真實性、準確性和完整性，已被深圳證券交易所實施「退市風險警示」。

Seemingly without a care for the outside world, Zotye Auto has been audaciously building slavish copies of imported luxury car models. The company became a household name in China after producing facsimile versions of the Audi Q3 (Zotye SR7), Porsche Macan (Zotye SR9) and Lamborghini Urus (Zotye Concept S). Due to Zotye Auto’s uncanny ability to produce lookalike cars, there is a joke currently doing the rounds in China: “If you want to get behind the wheel of a Lamborghini, pay a visit to Zotye Auto.”

眾泰汽車因為不顧外界觀瞻，大膽模仿進口名車，而在中國家喻戶曉，該公司推出的眾泰SR7模仿奧迪Q3，眾泰SR9模仿保時捷Macan ，眾泰Concept S模仿蘭寶堅尼Urus。由於模仿能力出眾，中國坊間甚至流傳著一句調侃話：「這輩子能不能開蘭寶堅尼，就看眾泰了！」

However, having relied on imitating the work of others, the company lacks home-grown innovation, while the quality of its vehicles has not kept pace with the sophistication of its copycat designs. Annual sales have been steadily falling too: in 2016, the company sold 330,000 vehicles. This fell to 310,000 in 2017 and only 230,000 in 2018. Zotye Auto initially set a sales target of 480,000 vehicles per year, yet in 2018 it failed to reach even half that figure. Last year, sales declined at an even steeper rate with the company only managing to shift 116,600 vehicles.

但靠著山寨別人，缺乏自主創新，且品質也未同步提升的營運模式畢竟無法持久。眾泰汽車二○一六年、二○一七年的年銷量還分別有三十三萬輛、三十一萬輛，但此後每況愈下，二○一八年僅剩二十三萬輛，為四十八萬輛的目標的一半不到，二○一九年進一步跌至十一點六六萬輛。

To make matters even worse, Zotye Auto chief executive Lou Guohai has stated that he cannot guarantee the authenticity, accuracy and completeness of his company’s year end financial report, citing various reasons including uncertainty over the company’s ability to continue operating, multiple lawsuits and outstanding obligations.

雪上加霜的是，眾泰汽車董事婁國海表示，無法保證該公司年報內容的真實性、準確性和完整性，理由包括：公司的持續經營能力存在較大不確定性，公司面臨眾多訴訟及擔保事項等。

Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2020/07/01/2003739125

Next Article

Topic : Despite High Hopes, Self-Driving Cars Are ‘Way in the Future’

A year ago, Detroit and Silicon Valley had visions of putting thousands of self-driving taxis on the road in 2019, ushering in an age of driverless cars.

一年前，底特律和矽谷曾有2019年讓數千輛自動駕駛計程車上路的願景，要開啟無人駕駛車的時代。

Most of those cars have yet to arrive — and it is likely to be years before they do. Several carmakers and technology companies have concluded that making autonomous vehicles is going to be harder, slower and costlier than they thought.

這些車大多數還沒上路－而且很可能還要等好多年才會上路。數家汽車製造商和科技公司已作出如下結論：製造自動駕駛車將比他們以為的更困難、更緩慢且更花錢。

“We overestimated the arrival of autonomous vehicles,” Ford’s chief executive, Jim Hackett, said at the Detroit Economic Club in April.

「我們對自駕車問世的評估過於樂觀。」福特汽車執行長吉姆．哈克特今年4月在底特律經濟俱樂部這麼說。

In the most recent sign of the scramble to regroup, Ford and Volkswagen said Friday that they were teaming up to tackle the self-driving challenge.

福特和福斯周五(12日)宣布要合組團隊以迎接自駕車的挑戰。這也是業界忙著重新組合、再次出發的最新跡象。

The two automakers plan to use autonomous-vehicle technology from a Pittsburgh startup, Argo AI, in ride-sharing services in a few urban zones as early as 2021. But Argo’s chief executive, Bryan Salesky, said the industry’s bigger promise of creating driverless cars that could go anywhere was “way in the future.”

這兩家汽車製造商計畫使用匹茲堡新創公司「亞果人工智慧」的自駕車技術，最快於2021年在一些都會區提供共乘服務。但是亞果的執行長布萊恩．薩勒斯基說，這個產業更大的承諾，也就是創造可去到任何地方的自駕車，「還在遙遠的未來」。

He and others attribute the delay to something as obvious as it is stubborn: human behavior.

他和另一些人將這個延誤歸咎於顯而易見且難以應付的一項因素：人類行為。

Researchers at Argo say the cars they are testing in Pittsburgh and Miami have to navigate unexpected situations every day. Recently, one of the company’s cars encountered a bicyclist riding the wrong way down a busy street between other vehicles.

亞果研究人員說，他們在匹茲堡和邁阿密測試的車輛，每天都須經歷無法預期的狀況。最近，這家公司一輛車遇到一名自行車騎士，在一條車多的街道上逆向行駛在車輛間。

Another Argo test car came across a street sweeper that suddenly turned a giant circle in an intersection, touching all four corners and crossing lanes of traffic that had the green light.

另一輛亞果的測試車遇到一輛掃街車，在一個十字路口突如其來大轉彎，碰到四個街角，而且橫越已經轉為綠燈的車道。

“You see all kinds of crazy things on the road, and it turns out they’re not all that infrequent, but you have to be able to handle all of them,” Salesky said. “With radar and high-resolution cameras and all the computing power we have, we can detect and identify the objects on a street. The hard part is anticipating what they’re going to do next.”

「你在路上見到所有瘋狂的事，而且發現它們並非那麼不常見，但你必須有能力處理所有狀況。」薩勒斯基說。「我們擁有雷達、高解析度鏡頭和所有電算能力，可偵測並識別街道上的物體。困難的部分是預測它們下一步會做什麼。」

Salesky said Argo and many competitors had developed about 80% of the technology needed to put self-driving cars into routine use — the radar, cameras and other sensors that can identify objects far down roads and highways.

薩勒斯基說，自駕車進入日常使用所需技術，亞果和許多競爭對手約已開發成功80%－雷達、攝影鏡頭及其他可在一般道路和高速公路識別遠方物體的感應器。

But the remaining 20%, including developing software that can reliably anticipate what other drivers, pedestrians and cyclists are going to do, will be much more difficult, he said.

但是剩下的20%，包括開發能夠可靠預測其他駕駛人、行人和自行車騎士下一步行動的軟體，會難得多。

A year ago, many industry executives exuded much greater certainty. They thought that their engineers had solved the most vexing technical problems and promised that self-driving cars would be shuttling people around town in at least several cities by sometime this year.

一年前，許多業界高管還展現出遠比當下更有把握的態度。當時他們認為，他們的工程師已解決最困難的技術問題，且承諾自駕車今年之內，至少可在幾個城市輸運民眾。

Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/343041/web/

每日英語跟讀Podcast，就在http://www.15mins.today/daily-shadowing

Summary:

For museums that are outside metropolitan areas, it is common to forgo ticket admissions to attract visitors. When times are tough, museums have to exploit their resources or bond with art galleries to host original events to attract visitors. As most museum visitors are from a 50mile radius, Directors often have to create events of community interest as well as have guards and staff be more helping and welcoming to visitors.

原跟讀文章 : https://www.15mins.today/blog/ep-k040-from-buffalo-to-san-antonio-and-beyond-museums-woo

Vocabulary and Sample Sentences :

Upkeep n. financial or material support

The upkeep of a small-size museum can vary from USD500,000 to USD1m.

To keep the museum operations going, we need to raise fund for its upkeep.

Forfeit v. lose or give up

Smaller museums forfeit ticket admissions to attract repeated visitors.

Chess masters often know when they would lose and forfeit the game early.

Lure v. to attract or to cause someone to like something

If you want to catch fish, you have to lure it with a worm.

The sweet smell of butter lured me to a bakery around the corner.

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.K090: About India - Toxic air in India linked to large number of miscarriages

Toxic air in India and other South Asian countries could be causing large numbers of miscarriages and stillbirths, scientists said.

科學家說，印度和其他南亞國家的有毒性空氣，可能正造成大量的流產和死胎案例。

A study in The Lancet medical journal estimated nearly 350,000 pregnancy losses a year in South Asia were linked to high pollution levels.

「刺胳針」醫學期刊一份研究估計，南亞1年有將近35萬起流產案例與高污染值有關聯。

"Our findings ... (provide) further justification for urgent action to tackle dangerous levels of pollution," lead author Tao Xue of Peking University said in a statement.

報告第一作者北京大學的薛濤在聲明中說，「我們的發現…提供進一步理由，要緊急行動解決達危險程度的污染」。

They calculated that 7.1% of annual pregnancy losses were attributable to pollution above India’s air quality standard of 40 microgrammes per cubic metre (μg/m3), and 29·7% to pollution above the World Health Organization guideline of 10 μg/m3.

他們計算，每年7.1%的流產案例，歸因於高於印度空氣品質標準每立方公尺40微克（μg/m3）的污染，29.7%的案例歸因於高於世界衛生組織指南訂出10 μg/m3標準的污染。

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Indian inventor revs up corona car to drive home lockdown message 印度發明家設計冠狀病毒車宣導疫情訊息

A giant coronavirus is stalking the streets of southern India － propelled by a 100 cc engine and an inventor trying to drive home the message that Indians should stay indoors as the pandemic sweeps across the world.

一個巨大的冠狀病毒在印度南部街頭出沒—被一具排氣量100立方公分的引擎和一名發明家驅動著，試圖明確傳達在大流行病橫掃全球的此刻，印度人應該好好待在家裡的訊息。

Sudhakar Yadav’s wacky small single-seater car － made of fluorescent-green fibre and complete with the red crown-like spikes of the virus － has been racking up the miles in the tech hub of Hyderabad to remind fellow citizens of the dangers of COVID-19.

雅達夫的古怪單人座小車，是以螢光綠色纖維製成，並加上紅色的病毒冠狀突刺造型，在科技大城海德拉巴行駛了一段時間，提醒市民同胞2019冠狀病毒肺炎的危險。

"People are not scared and are still... on the streets despite the clear danger," the 67-year-old Yadav, who runs a printing business, told AFP.

「儘管明顯有危險，大家還是不害怕，依舊…在街上趴趴走」，經營印刷生意的67歲雅達夫告訴法新社。

"My message through the car art is to make them understand that it is dangerous to be out on the streets and the safest place right now is the home."

「我透過這輛車要傳達的訊息是，希望這些人能夠了解，外出上街是危險的，現在最安全的地方就是家裡」。Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1436119 ; https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/1372432

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.K089: About Czech Republic - Czech hunter reports rifle-stealing deer to police

Czech police are seeking help in an unusual case after a deer turned the tables on the hunters and snagged a pursuer’s rifle on his antlers before running away.

捷克警方正就一宗不尋常的案件尋求協助，一頭鹿在逃跑前用鹿角勾走一名追捕者的步槍，轉而佔了獵人們上風。

The deer, frightened by a dog, ran toward one of the hunting party, tore his sleeve and caught a strap of a 0.22 Hornet rifle on his antlers, police said on Tuesday.

警方週二表示，這頭鹿受一隻狗驚嚇，朝狩獵隊的一名獵人奔去，撕裂他的袖子，鹿角抓到一把點二二黃蜂彈口徑的步槍。

"The rifle, which the hunter had slung over his left arm - fortunately without ammo - slipped on the deer’s antlers and disappeared with him," the police said.

警方說，「這名獵人本來掛在左手臂的這把步槍─幸好沒彈藥─滑到鹿角上，隨著牠消失。」

"The hunters searched the forest but did not find the gun. He had no other choice than to report the incident to the police," the police said, adding anyone who finds the weapon should contact authorities.

警方說，「這些獵人搜索森林，但沒有找到那把槍。他別無選擇，只能報警」，並補充指出，任何發現這把武器的人，都該聯絡當局。

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Obsolete Czech phone booths find new life as mini libraries 過時的捷克電話亭重生為迷你圖書館

Two Czechs have breathed new life into telephone booths made obsolete in the cell phone age, converting them into mini libraries with the first installed at a Prague hospital recently.

兩名捷克人讓被手機時代所淘汰的電話亭重現生機，他們把電話亭改造為迷你圖書館，首座電話亭圖書館最近在布拉格一所醫院正式設立。

On the shelves of the red booth, patients of the IKEM hospital will find a plethora of genres, including works by US crime writer John Grisham, Czech and Russian titles and biographer Andrew Morton’s "Diana： Her True Story".

在這座紅色電話亭裡的書架上，IKEM醫院的病人可以找到各種類型的書，包括美國犯罪小說家葛里遜的作品、捷克和俄羅斯書籍，以及英國傳記作家莫頓的作品「黛安娜：她的真實故事」等。

Library mastermind Monika Serbusova, 27, said she and a friend drew inspiration from a similar project in Britain.

圖書館幕後策劃者、現年27歲的塞布索娃說，她和另一個朋友的靈感是來自英國的一個類似計畫。

They won backing from a local phone operator, then built the libraries with the help of colleagues and friends, painting the booths and installing wooden shelves.

她們獲得當地電話公司的支持，並在同事與友人協助下把電話亭改造為圖書館、替電話亭上新漆並裝設木製書架。

She said they intend to set up other libraries at a shopping centre and elsewhere. They currently have 700 books, but the selection will grow as people have promised to donate large collections.

她表示未來還打算在購物商場和其他地方設置其他圖書館。她們手上目前只有700本書，但有人表示願意捐贈大批藏書，藏書量可望繼續增加。Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1415573 ; https://news.ltn.com.tw/index.php/news/world/paper/754649

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.K088: About Nature - Lion has vasectomy after siring five cubs in a year

A lion had a vasectomy on Thursday after his Dutch keepers decided he had sired enough cubs.

一頭獅子週四做了輸精管切除術，在荷蘭保育員確定牠繁衍夠了以後。

Thor, 11, had fathered five cubs with two lionesses in the past year, staff at Burgers’ Zoo in Arnhem said.

阿納姆市「柏格動物園」的職員說，11歲的索爾過去一年和2頭母獅子交配後，當了5隻小獅子的爸爸。

Veterinarian Henk Luten said it was the first time in his 35-year career at the zoo that he had carried out the procedure on a lion.

獸醫亨克‧盧滕說，這是他在動物園工作35年以來，第一次在獅子身上進行這項手術。

"Why are we doing it? Because he’s a proven breeder. We have a lot of offspring and we don’t want to have him overpopulating the genetic pool," Luten said.

盧滕說，「我們為什麼這樣做？因事實證明牠很能生。我們有一堆幼獅，不想讓牠在這個基因庫種群過多。」

Staff said they had chosen to carry out a vasectomy not a castration which could have caused Thor to lose his mane, along with his standing in the pride’s social hierarchy.

職員說，他們選擇進行輸精管切除術，而非去勢，後者可能導致索爾掉鬃毛，及喪失在獅群社會階層的地位。

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Danish Mayfly named 2021 insect of the year－丹麥蜉蝣被選為2021年度昆蟲

學名為Ephemera danica的丹麥蜉蝣，被選為2021年的年度昆蟲。

Mayflies have existed for about 355 million years and today some 140 species live in Central Europe. Despite their fleeting time on earth in their final form, their developmental cycle is quite long.

蜉蝣已生存約3.55億年，中歐現有約140種。儘管牠們以最終樣態待在地球的時間很短暫，但成長週期相當長。

Female mayflies lay thousands of eggs under water between May and September every year. Larvae hatch within a few days, and eventually develop gills. Buried in riverbeds, they take between one to three years to develop.

每年5至9月間，雌性蜉蝣會在水面產下數千個蟲卵。幼蟲數天內孵化後長出鰓，接著便蟄伏在河床中，需1至3年才能蛻變。

Shortly before the transition from aquatic to terrestrial life, a layer of air forms between the old and new skin of the larvae. By reducing its specific weight, the larva rises to the water surface.

從水生生物蛻變為陸生生物的過渡期前不久，幼蟲的新舊皮層間會注入一層空氣，並透過減少比重浮上水面。

Once there, the larval skin bursts and within a few seconds a flyable mayfly hatches. With no mouth parts nor an intestine, the fully developed mayfly has only a few days then to mate and lay new eggs before it dies.

之後，幼蟲皮層便會破裂，短短幾秒內變成能飛的蜉蝣，但成蟲既無嘴巴也無腸子，只能在生命最後幾天交配並產下後代。Source article: https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/1439215

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.K087: Looking for Something New in Russia’s ‘New People’ Party

President Vladimir Putin has made it clear that he doesn’t tolerate dissent, but one new opposition party has flourished.

俄羅斯總統普亭明白表示不容忍異議，卻有一個新反對黨正在茁壯。

And that party, curiously, has been speaking out on the same themes of fighting corruption and repression that have made opposition leader Alexei Navalny enemy No. 1 of the Kremlin.

令人好奇的是，這個政黨大聲宣揚反貪腐、反壓迫，和克里姆林宮頭號政敵、反對派領袖納瓦尼的主張相同。

The new party thrives even as Navalny’s own party has been banned. The reasons, Russian analysts say, are to undermine Navalny, distract from his movement and divide the liberal opposition — all while providing a veneer of multiparty politics in a country where there is little meaningful electoral choice.

這個新政黨即使在納瓦尼的政黨被禁之後仍持續壯大，俄國分析家說，背後原因是克宮要打壓納瓦尼，轉移對其運動的關注，並分化自由派反對勢力。俄國在國內提供多黨政治的表象，卻沒有多少具實質意義的投票選擇。

The new party, called New People, seems designed to appeal to Navalny’s followers.

這個新政黨稱作「新人民黨」，看來有意吸引納瓦尼的追隨者。

“For two decades, we lived in a situation of a false choice: either freedom or order,” its platform proclaims. The government, it says, “should stop seeing enemies and traitors in those who have other points of view."

「廿年來，我們活在虛假選擇構成的情境下，只能在自由與秩序中二選一。」該黨黨綱中如此宣稱。政府「應停止把意見不同者視為敵人和叛國賊。」

The Kremlin has worked on many fronts to destroy Navalny’s movement — arresting his supporters at protests and, according to Navalny and Western governments, trying to assassinate him last year. Government officials have smeared him as a stooge of Western intelligence agencies.

克宮一直多管齊下試圖摧毀納瓦尼的運動，在抗議活動中逮捕他的支持者，據納瓦尼和西方政府的說法，去年還試圖暗殺他。政府官員一直把他抹黑成西方情報機構的走狗。

But Navalny has also faced a steady stream of competing anti-corruption reformers who seem to operate with the government’s blessing — most recently New People, which has been revving up its campaign for parliamentary elections in September, when Navalny will be in a penal colony.

但納瓦尼也眼見同樣主張反貪腐改革的競爭對手不斷出現，這些勢力似乎是在政府支持下運作，最新的一個就是新人民黨，該黨正為投入今年九月國會選舉加強宣傳，屆時納瓦尼已在獄中。

The founder of a cosmetics company, Alexei Nechayev, established the party last year to channel what he described as opposition sentiment in society, much as Navalny has been doing. But Nechayev refrains from direct criticism of Putin and is not calling for his ouster.

化妝品公司創辦人尼查耶夫去年創立這個政黨，用以為他所謂社會中的反對意見提供一個表達的管道，和納瓦尼行徑頗為雷同。但尼查耶夫避免直接批評普亭，也不要求他下台。

Navalny and his allies greeted the arrival of New People with disdain, identifying Nechayev as the latest in a long line of political doubles conjured up by the Kremlin to try to unseat Navalny from his leadership of discontented young professionals.

納瓦尼和盟友對新人民黨的出現表示不屑，把尼查耶夫斥為克宮變出來的一長串政治分身中最新的一個，試圖推翻納瓦尼在對政府不滿的年輕專業人士中的領袖地位。

Russia’s political system is sometimes called “managed democracy,” for the practice of Kremlin political advisers creating, mentoring or funding supposed opposition figures and parties — and tolerating some others as long as they don’t criticize Putin directly.

俄國政治體制有時被稱為「操縱式民主」，因為克宮的政治顧問創造、指導或資助所謂的反對派人物及政黨，也容忍另一些反對人士，只要他們不直接批評普亭。

Nechayev denied he consulted with the Kremlin before forming the party, Still, political analysts have dismissed the idea that the party emerged without the Kremlin’s blessing.

尼查耶夫否認創黨之前徵詢過克宮的意見。不過政治分析家們認為，沒有克宮的默許，這個黨不可能出現。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/5316400

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.K086: As Fox News Struggles at Home, Murdoch Brings Its Playbook to the U.K.

Beset by declining ratings, upheaval in its on-air ranks and a multibillion-dollar defamation suit related to its election coverage, Fox News is staggering out of the Trump era — blamed by many for seeding the poisonous political culture that brought a violent mob into the halls of the U.S. Capitol.

福斯新聞在美國收視率下降、電視節目團隊動盪，對總統大選的報導又被控誹謗而遭求償數十億美元，可謂身陷重圍，正踉蹌地走出川普時代。許多人指責福斯新聞催生有害的政治文化，致使暴民闖進美國國會大廈。

Yet in Britain, where television news is regulated to avoid political bias, Rupert Murdoch and a competing group of investors are seizing this moment to create two upstart news services that will challenge the BBC and other broadcasters by borrowing heavily from Murdoch’s Fox playbook.

不過，在電視新聞依法應避免政治偏見的英國，梅鐸和一群與他競爭的投資人正抓住機會創設兩個新聞台，將大幅借用梅鐸旗下福斯新聞的套路，挑戰英國廣播公司（BBC）等電視台。

Though these ventures are in competition, they share Murdoch DNA.兩家媒體雖然互相競爭，卻都有梅鐸的DNA。

Murdoch’s entrant, the less ambitious of the two, hopes to exploit what its executives see as a gap in the British market for edgy commentary and personality-driven programs. The rival venture — GB News, which has different backers but is stocked with veterans of the Murdoch empire — calculates there is an audience for a channel that rejects what it views as the left-leaning political correctness of the BBC.

梅鐸創辦的這家電視台，企圖心稍遜於對手，想主攻高層眼中英國市場欠缺的犀利評論和個人特質導向節目這個區塊。對手GB新聞的金主不同，卻有不少來自梅鐸帝國的老將。GB新聞的盤算是，英國一定有一群觀眾拒看他們認為是左傾政治正確的BBC。

“British news broadcasting is pretty much a one-party state,” said Andrew Neil, who is the chairman of GB News and will host a prime-time show. “They all come at stories from various shades of left.”

GB新聞董事長、將主持一個黃金時段節目的尼爾說：「英國電視新聞界差不多就是個一黨制國家，從各種左派角度報導新聞。」

Pronouncements like that set off alarm bells for some British commentators. While Britain has long had a freewheeling, unabashedly partisan newspaper industry, critics say the last thing it needs after Brexit is a Fox-like news channel — one that could sow further divisions and open the door to the kinds of conspiracy theories nurtured by former President Donald Trump, and amplified by Fox.

與此類似的說法讓一些英國評論家心裡警鈴大作。批評者說，雖然英國報業向來不受拘束，且毫不遮掩地擁護各自支持的黨派，但英國脫歐後最不需要的就是福斯新聞這類頻道，因為這種頻道會使意見更加分歧，並使美國前總統川普煽動、福斯新聞強化的的陰謀論有機會滋生。

Last month, critics began an online campaign to pressure cellular carriers, banks and other advertisers to boycott GB News.

上個月，批評者展開網路宣傳，施壓行動通信業者、銀行等廣告業主，要求抵制GB新聞。

Neil struck back at what he called the “woke warriors,” pointing out that they were trying to cancel a channel that had yet to air a program. GB News, he said, would cover issues from the “center, perhaps the center right” — not the hard-right like Fox. Its shows will offer diverse voices and stick to facts, he insisted.

尼爾反擊這些他所謂的「覺醒戰士」，指出他們是要消滅一個還沒播放任何節目的頻道。他說，GB新聞將從「中間派，也許是中間偏右」的立場報導議題，不是像福斯新聞那樣的極右立場。尼爾強調，GB新聞的節目會涵蓋各種不同意見並忠於事實。

Even if these new services tilt to the right, some journalists say there is little to fear, so long as they avoid spreading false news.

有些媒體人說，即使這些新聞台右傾，只要不散播假消息，就沒什麼好怕的。

“It is at least plausible to argue that the BBC is seen as being institutionally left of center,” said Simon Jenkins, a columnist for The Guardian. “To that extent, it is plausible to say there is room for something that is right of center.”

英國衛報專欄作家詹金斯說：「說BBC是公認的中間偏左，至少是合理的，同樣，說有中間偏右媒體存在的空間，也是合理的。」Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/5282939

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Topic: Alleviate dry eyes with massage and good nutrition

If you are an office worker who sits in front of a computer screen all day, and after work swipes away on your mobile phone, plays on a Nintendo Switch or other electronic devices, you are at risk of “diseases of affluence,” including tired and sore eyes. To avoid dry eye syndrome, in addition to resting your eyes, you can use eye massage techniques and eat nutritious foods to alleviate the symptoms.

上班時常常看電腦螢幕工作，下班又滑手機、玩switch等3C用品，現代文明病「眼睛疲勞、痠痛」，就這樣無聲無息進入生活。如果想擺脫眼睛乾澀的症狀，除了讓眼睛多休息，跟著眼科醫生教學的眼部按摩法減緩不適，營養師也分享對眼睛乾澀有幫助的食物。

Smartphone addicts and office workers glued to screens all day often go for long periods without blinking; this can lead to tiredness, dry eye syndrome and sore eyes. According to ophthalmologist Wang Meng-chi, getting a good night’s sleep and using a steam eye mask can help. However, Wang also recommends massaging acupressure points around the eye area, including the eyebrows, between and at the tips of the eyebrows, the temples, below the eye sockets and the corners of the eyes near the bridge of the nose. Wang advises massaging each of these areas in turn to relieve discomfort.

低頭族、上班族久看螢幕，眼睛時常會忘記眨眼，造成疲勞、乾澀或痠痛的症狀，眼科醫師王孟祺說：「充足的睡眠、熱敷可以幫助減緩痠痛。」並教學如何按摩眼部穴道，包括眉頭、眉心、眉毛尾端、太陽穴、眼眶下緣中間，還有內眼角的位置，輪流按壓這些部位，可以減緩眼睛不適。

In addition to massaging the eye area, nutritionist Kao Min-min also recommends eating certain foods, such as seasonal watermelon, which contains 90 percent water, and vegetables such as gherkin, cucumber and winter melon to relieve dry eye syndrome. Kao also recommends eating deep-sea fish such as salmon, tuna, Pacific saury and mackerel, which are rich in fish oils and can reduce inflammation, one to three times a week. Vegetable oil-containing foods such as nuts are also beneficial to eye health, Kao adds.

除了眼部按摩方法能舒緩疲勞症狀，營養師高敏敏也分享幾個對眼睛乾澀有幫助的食物，像是現在夏天當季的西瓜有百分之九十的含水量，蔬菜的話像是小黃瓜、大黃瓜、冬瓜。油脂的部分，建議大家一周可以吃一至三次的深海魚，包含鮭魚、鮪魚、秋刀魚、鯖魚，裡面的魚油可以降發炎。植物性的油脂，如堅果，對眼睛也有益處。

Kao says a lack of vitamin A can increase the severity of dry eye syndrome so, in addition to taking in more oil-rich foods, she recommends supplementing the diet with starchy foods such as sweet potato or pumpkin, vegetables such as red and yellow peppers, fruits such as papaya, watermelon or cantaloupe melon and berry fruits such as blueberries. All of these foods contain anthocyanin, says Kao, which has antioxidant properties and is excellent at reducing inflammation.

除了油脂的攝取，高敏敏也補充：「維生素A的低下，有可能會讓眼睛的乾澀更加嚴重，所以可以補充像是澱粉類的地瓜、南瓜，蔬菜類的紅椒、黃椒，或者是木瓜、西瓜、哈密瓜以及藍莓等莓果類，這些含有花青素的食材，對於抗氧化能力、降低發炎的反應也很強。」

Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2020/07/15/2003739918

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Topic: Thai mangosteens a gigantic hit in Taiwan

泰國農業部主任Surmsuk Salakpetch表示，台灣自2003年禁止山竹進口，15年後終於在今年九月開放進口，泰國山竹一進口就在台灣造成轟動，對於泰國水國出口商無疑是一大福音。

It’s the sweet smell of success for Thai fruit exporters: Thai mangosteens have become an instant hit among Taiwanese consumers after the fruit went on sale there for the first time in 15 years, Department of Agriculture director-general Surmsuk Salakpetch said.

Surmsuk說道：「台灣媒體報導，台灣人排隊搶購泰國山竹。而且第一批980公斤重的山竹30分鐘就被掃購一空。」

“The Taiwanese press reported that consumers queued up to buy mangosteen from Thailand,” she said. “The first lot of 980 kilogrammes was sold out in only 30 minutes.

另外，Surmsuk補充：「一箱裡面四個山竹賣200泰銖（約台幣203元）。」”Each box of four mangosteens was sold at Bt200 (NT$203),” Surmsuk added.

她說道：「市場出乎意料的熱烈反應顯示這是泰國出口商的大好機會。自從九月五日起，泰國公司已經出口價值2千萬泰銖（約台幣2034萬元），逾10萬公斤的山竹到台灣。」

“The unexpected positive response has proved a good opportunity for Thai exporters,” she said. “Since September 5, Thai entrepreneurs have exported 100,533kg of mangosteens to Taiwan, worth more than Bt20 million.”

她進一步指出，在過去十五年來台灣禁止進口山竹，是因為來自東南亞的山竹帶有害蟲果實蠅，因此，這次重新開放進口山竹，台灣要求所有來自泰國的山竹必須經過蒸汽消毒，以除去所有的果實蠅。

According to the director-general, Taiwan’s import standards require Thai mangosteens to undergo a steam treatment for decontamination and eradication of fruit flies – the latter being the reason why Taiwan had been rejecting fruits from Thailand for the past 15 years.

Surmsuk表示：「我們已經發展了一套消毒山竹的技術，以攝氏46度高溫持續58分鐘蒸熟果實核心，這樣不僅能夠維持山竹最佳品質，也能夠符合台灣動植物防疫檢疫局的檢疫條件。」

“We have developed a technique to treat mangosteens at 46 degrees Celsius for 58 minutes, which is the optimal temperature and time so the taste of the fruits is not ruined, while meeting the requirements of the Taiwan Plant and Animal Disease Prevention and Quarantine Office,” said Surmsuk.

「我很開心雖然台灣人過去長達15年都沒辦法嚐到泰國山竹，但他們依然記得這個「果后」的甜美滋味。這讓我對於想要抓住台灣市場的泰國水果商感到非常有信心。」她說道。

“I am glad that although Taiwanese people haven’t been able to enjoy Thai mangosteens for 15 years, they still remember the exquisite taste of this ‘queen of fruit’,” she said. “This makes me confident that there’s a bright future ahead for Thai fruit exporters, who are aiming to capture the Taiwanese market.”Source article: https://chinapost.nownews.com/20190924-761271

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A Race Against the SunIt was a long, hot summer, like most in the San Joaquin Valley. The pistachio trees planted in orderly rows — and the growers who nurture them — are accustomed to harsh conditions. With their deep roots and tough, gnarly branches, pistachio trees are hardy, tolerant of salty soils and brutal heat waves. Some can live for centuries.

美國加州聖華金谷這個夏天又熱又長，跟以往大多時候一樣。成排種植的開心果樹和果農都已習慣嚴苛的環境。開心果樹根札得深，枝幹粗壯扭曲，耐得住寒冷、含鹽土壤和逼人的熱浪。有的能活好幾個世紀。

But while sweltering summers are the norm in this part of central California, there’s a new, existential threat to these trees, one that scientists warn could spell the end of the pistachio harvest: warmer winters. Many crops are facing similar threats as agricultural regions across the world experience previously unseen extremes in heat, rain and drought.

雖然加州中部這塊地方夏天本就悶熱，這些果樹卻面臨一種新的生存威脅，科學家警告說，這種威脅可能意味再也沒有開心果可以收成，那就是冬天變暖。世界各地農業區正經歷前所未見的熱浪、暴雨及乾旱，許多其他作物面臨類似危機。

Chilly winters are critical to nut and fruit trees, particularly pistachios. To break their slumber and spread their pollen, pistachios need to spend about 850 hours, or five weeks, at temperatures below 45 degrees.

寒冷的冬天對堅果和水果樹十分重要，尤其是開心果。為了打破休眠狀態並散播花粉，開心果必須有850小時，亦即五周左右，處在華氏45度（攝氏7.2度）以下。

So as the San Joaquin Valley warms and its cooling fogs retreat, growers have found their orchards out of sync: Many male trees are no longer producing pollen when the females need it.

所以當聖華金谷逐步回暖，冷霧消退時，農民發現果園出了狀況：雌樹需要雄樹授粉時，許多雄樹卻不再產生花粉。

After suffering a billion-dollar loss from a recent warm winter, California pistachio growers don’t need much convincing that their livelihoods are endangered by climate change. Heeding warnings that the industry may not survive past the middle of the century, they are among the world’s earliest adapters. Scientists are wrangling and crossing genes to breed trees that can survive a warmer world, and growers are hedging their bets by planting experimental trees that need fewer chilly days.

加州開心果農因為最近一次暖冬而損失十億美元後，無需勸說也明白生計受到氣候變遷威脅。他們把這個產業可能撐不到本世紀下半的警告聽了進去，成為世上最早開始調整的群體之一。科學家把植物聚合在一起並使之雜交，以培育更能適應高溫的樹種，果農也同時種植需要寒冷天數較少的實驗樹種，藉以避險。

“There’s a lot to be said about traditional knowledge. But this is new territory,” said Rebecca Carter of the World Resources Institute, a nonprofit research group that is working with growers around the world to adapt to the threats of climate change, including warmer winters, dried-up aquifers and record-breaking heat waves.

非營利組織世界資源研究所的麗貝卡．卡特說：「傳統知識有很多好處，不過這是新領域。」這個研究所與世界各地農民合作，幫助他們應對氣候變遷的威脅，包括冬天變暖、地下蓄水層枯竭與熱浪空前。

Scientists in 2013 urged “immediate adaptation” by farmers to ensure that they can feed the 10 billion people expected to inhabit the planet by 2050. They warned in a study that world hunger would worsen as crop yields declined, pests and diseases increased, water demand skyrocketed and highly vulnerable crops vanished. “The whole food system needs to change,” according to the report published in the journal Science.

科學家2013年就呼籲農民「立刻調整作法」，以確保料將在2050年前達到100億的地球人口都有得吃。他們在「科學」期刊上發表一篇研究報告示警說，隨著作物產量減少、病蟲害增加、水資源需求高漲和高度脆弱的作物消失，全球飢餓問題將惡化，「整個食物系統都得改變」。

Coping, Carter said, would “require fundamental changes in how food is produced, how land is used, who lives where and what economic activities occur in specific areas.”

卡特說，處理這個問題「必須在食物生產、土地利用、居住範圍和特定區域的經濟活動等方面徹底改變」。

Those changes are already happening worldwide. After growing coffee for generations, farmers in parts of Costa Rica are switching to oranges. Kenyan herders, facing intense droughts, are raising camels instead of cattle. In China’s drought-prone Fujian province, farmers who grew wheat and corn have switched to apples.

這些改變已在全球各地發生。哥斯大黎加部分地區的農民在種植咖啡幾個世代後，改種柑橘。肯亞的牧人面對嚴重乾旱，從養牛改為養駱駝。在中國大陸容易發生乾旱的福建省，原本種小麥和玉米的農民改種蘋果。

Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/345636/web/#2L-15722568L

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